Assignment #1

EC-202: Signals and Systems

Q1. Determine whether the following signals are periodic. If they are periodic, find the fundamental
period.
(a) xn = cos 
7
n 
 15 
     
(b) x (n ) = cos  n  + sin  n  + 3 cos  n + 
 2   8   4 3
 k

(c) x(t ) =  (− 1)  (t − 2k )
k = −

(d) x (t ) = e (−2+ j 3) t

Q2. Test whether the following systems are linear or not.

(a) y (n ) = x (n ) + (b) y (n) = x (n) + n x (n + 1)

1
,
x (n + 1)

+ 3ty(t ) = t 2 x(t ) + (sin t ) y (t ) = + 2 x(t )

dy dy dx
(c) (d)
dt , dt dt

Q3. Check whether the following systems are time invariant or not.

(a) y (t ) = x (t ) cos x (t )
(b) y (n) = x (n) x (n − 1)

Q4. The conjugate symmetric (or Hermitian) potion of a signal is defined as wcs (t ) = (w(t ) + w  (− t )) / 2 .
Show that the real portion of wcs (t ) is even and that the imaginary portion of wcs (t ) is odd.

Q5. A signal x(t ) is defined as

t 0  t 1
0.5 + 0.5 cos (2t ) 1 t  2

x(t ) = 
3 − t 2t3
0 otherwise

The energy of x(t ) is E  1.0417

1
(a) What is the energy of y1 (t ) =   x(2t ) ?
3
(b) A periodic signal y2 (t ) is defined as
 x(t ) 0t 4
y 2 (t ) = 
 y 2 (t + 4) t
What is the power of y2 (t ) ?

1
(c) What is the power of y 3 (t ) =   y 2 (2t ) ?
 3
Q6. (a) If xe (t ) and xo (t ) are even and the odd components of a real signal x (t ) , then show that

 x e (t ) x o (t ) dt = 0
−
  
(b) show that  x (t ) dt =  x e (t ) dt
− −

Q7. Find y (n) = x (n)  h (n) by graphical convolution

x (n ) = 2u (n + 2) − 2u (n ) − 3u (n − 1) + 3u (n − 3)
h (n ) = −u (n + 1) + 3u (n ) − 5u (n − 1) + 3u (n − 2)

Q8. Any function g (t ) can be split unambiguously into an even part and an odd part, as shown by

g (t ) = g e (t ) + g o (t )

The even part is defined by

g e (t ) =
1
g (t ) + g (− t )
2

and the odd part is defined by

g o (t ) =
1
g (t ) − g (− t )
2

Evaluate the even and odd parts of a rectangular pulse defined by

 t 1
g (t ) = A rect  − 
T 2
Q9. Find the impulse response of the following systems:
𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
(1) 𝑑𝑡 2
+2 𝑑𝑡
+ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
Answer: ℎ(𝑡) = (1 − 𝑡)𝑒 −𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
(2) 𝑑𝑡 2
+2 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑡
+ 4𝑥(𝑡)
Answer: ℎ(𝑡) = (2 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)
𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑 2 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
(3) 𝑑𝑡 2
+5 𝑑𝑡
+ 6𝑦(𝑡) =
7 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 2
+
Answer: ℎ(𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡) + (𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 )𝑢(𝑡)
(4) 𝑦(𝑛) − 5𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 6𝑦(𝑛 − 2) = 8𝑥(𝑛 − 1) − 19𝑥(𝑛 − 2)
19 3 5
Answer: ℎ(𝑛) = − 𝛿(𝑛) + [( ) 2𝑛 + ( ) 3𝑛 ] 𝑢(𝑛)
6 2 3
(5) 𝑦(𝑛 + 2) − 4𝑦(𝑛 + 1) + 4𝑦(𝑛) = 2𝑥(𝑛 + 2) − 2𝑥(𝑛 + 1)
Answer: ℎ(𝑛) = (2 + 𝑛)2𝑛 𝑢(𝑛)

Q10. Find the zero input response of the following:

𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡)

(i) 𝑑𝑡 2
+4 𝑑𝑡
+ 4𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
Given that 𝑦(0− ) = 3 & |
𝑑𝑡 𝑡=0−
= −4
Answer: (3 + 2𝑡)𝑒 −2𝑡
𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
(ii) 𝑑𝑡 2
+ 9𝑦(𝑡) = 3 𝑑𝑡
+ 2𝑥(𝑡) Given that 𝑦(0− ) = 0 & |
𝑑𝑡 𝑡=0−
=6
Answer: 2 sin 3𝑡
𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
(iii) +4 + 13 𝑦(𝑡) = 4 + 2𝑥(𝑡);
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
Given that 𝑦(0− ) = 5 & | = 15.98
𝑑𝑡 𝑡=0−
𝜋
Answer: 10𝑒 −2𝑡 cos (3𝑡 − )
3
 (iv) 𝑦(𝑛 + 2) − 0.6𝑦(𝑛 + 1) − 0.16𝑦(𝑛) = 5𝑥(𝑛 + 2); Given that y(-1)=0 and y(-2)=25/4
1 4
Answer: 𝑦0 (𝑛) = [3 (−0.2)𝑛 + 3 (0.8)𝑛 ]
[Hint: First compute the natural response and compute the unknown coefficients using the
given initial conditions. The resultant natural response with known coefficients for initial
conditions n<0 is the zero-input response.
(v) 𝑦(𝑛 + 2) + 6𝑦(𝑛 + 1) + 9𝑦(𝑛) = 2𝑥(𝑛 + 2) + 6𝑥(𝑛 + 1); Given that y(-1)= -1/3 and
y(-2)=-2/9
Answer: 𝑦0 (𝑛) = (4 + 3𝑛)(−3)𝑛
(vi) 𝑦(𝑛 + 2) − 1.56𝑦(𝑛 + 1) + 0.81𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛 + 1) + 3𝑥(𝑛)
Given that 𝑦(−1) = 2 and 𝑦(−2) = 1

𝜋𝑛
Answer: 𝑦0 (𝑛) = 2.34(0.9)𝑛 cos ( − 0.17)
6

Q12. (a) If c(t ) = x(t )  g (t ) , then show that Ac = Ax Ag , where Ax , Ag , and Ac are the areas under
x(t ) , g (t ) , and c(t ) , respectively, where the symbol “  ”denotes the convolution.

(b) If x(t )  g (t ) = c(t ) , then show that x(at )  g (at ) = c(at ) where the symbol “  ”denotes the
1
a
convolution.

Q13. Find zero-state response y (t ) of the systems for which

(a) h(t ) = e −t u(t ) and x(t ) = sin 3t u (t )

(b) h(t ) = 2e( −3t
−e −2t
)u(t ) and x(t ) = e −2t u(t )
(c) h(t ) = e −t u(t ) and x(t ) = e −2(t −3) u(t )
(d) h(t ) = e −t u(t ) and x(t ) = e −2t u(t − 3)

Q14. Using the classical method, solve

d y (t )
( )
(a) D 2 + 6D + 25 y(t ) = (D + 3)x(t ) ( )
for y 0 + = 0 ,
dt t =0 +
= 2 and x(t ) = u (t )

3
Answer: 𝑦(𝑡) = [0.427 𝑒 −3𝑡 cos(4𝑡 − 106.30 ) + 25] 𝑢(𝑡)

d y (t )
(b) (D 2 + 4D + 4)y(t ) = (D + 1)x(t ) for y (0 + ) = 9 4 , = 5 and input x(t ) = e −3t u(t )
dt t =0+
17 15
Answer: 𝑦(𝑡) = [( + 𝑡) 𝑒 −2𝑡 − 2𝑒 −3𝑡 ] 𝑢(𝑡)
4 4
d y (t )
( )
(c) D 2 + 2D y(t ) = (D + 1)x(t ) ( )
for y 0 + = 2 ,
dt t =0 +
= 1 and x(t ) = u (t )
9 1 1
Answer: 𝑦(𝑡) = [4 − 4 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 2 𝑡] 𝑢(𝑡)

Q15. Solve the following equation recursively (first three terms only: y[0], y[1] and y[2]):

yn + 2 + 3 yn + 1 + 2 yn = xn + 2 + 3xn + 1 + 3xn

with xn  = (3) u n  , y− 1 = 3 , y− 2 = 2

n
and

Q16. Find the total solution for the output of the following discreate-time systems:
(a) 𝑦(𝑛 + 2) + 3𝑦(𝑛 + 1) + 2𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛 + 2) + 3𝑥(𝑛 + 1) + 3𝑥(𝑛)

Given: 𝑥(𝑛) = 3𝑛 𝑢(𝑛); 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦(1) = 3

1 1 21
Answer: 𝑦(𝑛) = − (−1)𝑛 + (−2)𝑛 + (3)𝑛 for 𝑛 ≥ 0
4 5 20

(b) 𝑦(𝑛) + 2𝑦(𝑛11) + 𝑦(𝑛 − 2) = 2𝑥(𝑛) − 𝑥(𝑛 − 1)

Given: 𝑥(𝑛) = 3−𝑛 𝑢(𝑛); 𝑦(0) = 2 and 𝑦(1) = −13/3

33 9𝑛 1
Answer: (16 + 4
) (−1)𝑛 − 16 (3)−𝑛 for 𝑛 ≥ 0

Q17. Find the (zero-state) response yn of an LTI system if the input is xn = 3n−1 un + 2 and

hn =
1
2
( )
 n − 2 − (− 2)n +1 un − 3

Q18. Find an LTI system (zero-state) response if its impulse response hn = (0.5)n un , and the input
xn is

(a) 2 n u n 
(b) 2 n−3 un
(c) 2 n u n − 2

Q19. Determine graphically y (t ) = x(t )  h(t ) for x(t ) = e − t u (t ) and h(t ) = e −2t u (t ) . Where symbol
“  ”denotes the convolution.