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unsupervised learning

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3 views

unsupervised learning

Uploaded by

ashima.arya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Unsupervised Learning?

As the name suggests, unsupervised learning is a machine learning


technique in which models are not supervised using training dataset.
Instead, models itself find the hidden patterns and insights from the given
data. It can be compared to learning which takes place in the human brain
while learning new things. It can be defined as:

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which models are trained using
unlabeled dataset and are allowed to act on that data without any supervision.

Unsupervised learning cannot be directly applied to a regression or


classification problem because unlike supervised learning, we have the
input data but no corresponding output data. The goal of unsupervised
learning is to find the underlying structure of dataset, group that
data according to similarities, and represent that dataset in a
compressed format.

Example: Suppose the unsupervised learning algorithm is given an input


dataset containing images of different types of cats and dogs. The
algorithm is never trained upon the given dataset, which means it does
not have any idea about the features of the dataset. The task of the
unsupervised learning algorithm is to identify the image features on their
own. Unsupervised learning algorithm will perform this task by clustering
the image dataset into the groups according to similarities between
images.

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Why use Unsupervised Learning?


Below are some main reasons which describe the importance of
Unsupervised Learning:

o Unsupervised learning is helpful for finding useful insights from the


data.
o Unsupervised learning is much similar as a human learns to think by
their own experiences, which makes it closer to the real AI.
o Unsupervised learning works on unlabeled and uncategorized data
which make unsupervised learning more important.
o In real-world, we do not always have input data with the
corresponding output so to solve such cases, we need unsupervised
learning.

Working of Unsupervised Learning


Working of unsupervised learning can be understood by the below
diagram:

Here, we have taken an unlabeled input data, which means it is not


categorized and corresponding outputs are also not given. Now, this
unlabeled input data is fed to the machine learning model in order to train
it. Firstly, it will interpret the raw data to find the hidden patterns from the
data and then will apply suitable algorithms such as k-means clustering,
Decision tree, etc.

Once it applies the suitable algorithm, the algorithm divides the data
objects into groups according to the similarities and difference between
the objects.
Types of Unsupervised Learning Algorithm:
The unsupervised learning algorithm can be further categorized into two
types of problems:

o Clustering: Clustering is a method of grouping the objects into


clusters such that objects with most similarities remains into a
group and has less or no similarities with the objects of another
group. Cluster analysis finds the commonalities between the data
objects and categorizes them as per the presence and absence of
those commonalities.
o Association: An association rule is an unsupervised learning
method which is used for finding the relationships between variables
in the large database. It determines the set of items that occurs
together in the dataset. Association rule makes marketing strategy
more effective. Such as people who buy X item (suppose a bread)
are also tend to purchase Y (Butter/Jam) item. A typical example of
Association rule is Market Basket Analysis.

Unsupervised Learning algorithms:


Below is the list of some popular unsupervised learning algorithms:

o K-means clustering
o KNN (k-nearest neighbors)
o Hierarchal clustering
o Anomaly detection
o Neural Networks
o Principle Component Analysis
o Independent Component Analysis
o Apriori algorithm
o Singular value decomposition

Advantages of Unsupervised Learning


o Unsupervised learning is used for more complex tasks as compared
to supervised learning because, in unsupervised learning, we don't
have labeled input data.
o Unsupervised learning is preferable as it is easy to get unlabeled
data in comparison to labeled data.

Disadvantages of Unsupervised Learning


o Unsupervised learning is intrinsically more difficult than supervised
learning as it does not have corresponding output.
o The result of the unsupervised learning algorithm might be less
accurate as input data is not labeled, and algorithms do not know
the exact output in advance

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