ENHANCED MATHEMATICS TEACHING ANG LEARNING PROGRAM (EMTAP) SESSION GUIDE

Most Essential Learning M10AL-Ig-1: The learner performs division of polynomials using long
Competencies division and synthetic division.

Session 2: Standard Long and Synthetic Division of Polynomials

Duration of Session: 1.5 hours
Target Audience Grade 10 Learners
0Session Goal This session will focus on students’ polynomial computations skill
development. Particularly, they will be equipped with knowledge in
dividing Polynomial by a binomial using the long and synthetic division
methods. Moreover, they will be able to recall some prerequisite knowledge
to polynomial division such as fundamental operations on monomials,
ordering polynomial terms based on degrees, and identifying the numerical
coefficient of polynomials.
Key Understandings to be
developed a. Arranging polynomials in standard form and identifying its numerical
coefficients;
b. Dividing polynomial by a binomial using long and synthetic methods;
and
c. Comparing and contrasting standard long division of polynomials
method with synthetic division technique.
Learning Objectives At the end of the session, the students must be able to:
a. Arrange polynomials in standard form and identify its numerical
coefficients;
b. Divide polynomial by a binomial using long and synthetic methods;
and
c. Compare and contrast standard long division of polynomials method
with synthetic division technique.
Resources/References Resources:
• PowerPoint Presentation
• Video clips
• Google meet

References:
Grade 10 Mathematics Learning Activity Sheets Q1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FSXJmESFmQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxHWoUOq2iQ
5 minutes Introductory Greet learners and welcome them to another Enhanced Mathematics
Activity Teaching and Learning Program virtual session (Slide 1)
Spiel: Sa EMTAP, sagot namin ang pagkatuto niyo!

Introduce self as the learning facilitator for today!

Give the terminal objective: (Slide 2)

The learner performs division of polynomials using long division
and synthetic division.

Give the enabling objective: (Slide 3)

a. Arrange polynomials in standard form and identify its numerical
coefficients;
b. Divide polynomial by a binomial using long and synthetic division
methods; and
c. Compare and contrast standard long division of polynomial method
with synthetic division technique.

Remind everyone about the Do’s and Don’ts during online session:
(Slide 4)
First, is to find your comfortable place with strong internet
connection and free from disturbances.
Second, have your modules, learning materials and other resources
ready.
Finally, mute your device to avoid interrupting the presentation.
Unmute only when asked to do so.
(The teacher may also ask the students of what is expected from them
during online sessions)

Solicit feedback if everything is clear and if the students are ready.

If so, present the topic. (Slide 5)

60 minutes Learning Start by recalling prerequisite topics thru starting activities 1 and 2.
Activity Note that the fundamental operations on monomials, as well as setting a
polynomial into standard form and identifying its numerical coefficients,
are all vital in teaching polynomials’ long and synthetic division.

Starting Activity 1: Fundamentals with Monomials (Slide 6)

Direction: Perform the indicated operation for each expression. Recall the
rules in the fundamental operations of monomials.
1. x - x
2. x • x
3. x ÷ x
4. 5x2 – (-2x2)
5. -4x3 – 3x3
6. -4x3 – (-3x3 )
7. x3 • x
8. 24x3 ÷ 4x
9. 5x3 • 3x2
10. 16x5 ÷ (-4x2)

Starting Activity 2: Set Your Standards (Slide 7)

Direction: Write the standard form of the following polynomials by
arranging the terms in decreasing degree. After which, identify in order the
numerical coefficients in each term including the constant.
1. 3x4 – 5x10 + 2x2 – 6x – 3
2. 5x4 – 3x6 + 7
3. - 4x + 7x8 – 3x4
4. x4 + 2x3 + 7x – 5x2 + 3

Introduce the topic by letting students realize that the long division of
polynomial is the same with dividing integers.

Relating to simple concepts: Dividing polynomials is much like the familiar

process of dividing numbers. (Slide 8)

When we divide 38 by 7, the quotient is 5 and the remainder is 3.

38 3
5
We write: 7 7

Standard Long Division: (Slide 9)

 Definition (Slide 10): If P(x) and D(x) are polynomials, with D(x) ≠ 0,
then there exist unique polynomials Q(x) and R(x), where R(x) is either
0 or of degree less than the degree of D(x), such that:
P( x ) R( x )
 Q( x ) 
D( x ) D( x ) or P(x) = D(x) . Q(x) + R(x)

The polynomials P(x) and D(x) are called the dividend and divisor,
respectively.
Q(x) is the quotient and R(x) is the remainder.

Let the students realize that this is the same with dividing integers just like
what is provided in slide 8.

 Video lecture (Slide 11): Let students watch a simple video regarding
examples of long division of polynomials.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FSXJmESFmQ

 Examples. Reinforced what the students have watched by discussing

more examples. This time you will do it as the learning facilitator.
1. Divide x4 + 3x3 -4x2 –x +1 by x + 2. (Slide 12)
Note: The division process ends when the last line is of lesser degree than
the divisor. The last line then contains the remainder. The top line contains
the quotient. (Slide 13)

2. Divide 2x2 + x3 +1 by x – 1 (Slide 14)

3. Divide 6x2 – 26x + 12 by x – 4. (Slide 15) This time, let the students
answer.
 Illustration for number 3
2
Given: 6x – 26x + 12 divide
by x – 4

Solution:

Answer:

The teacher should explain the step-by-step method of dividing

polynomials using the PowerPoint Presentation.

Check students understanding by asking: (Slide 16)

1. What difficulty did you encounter in long division of polynomials?
2. What did you do to overcome this difficulty?
3. Ask the students if they have further questions if none, proceed to
synthetic division.

Synthetic Division:
Definition: (Slide 18)
Key Concept: Synthetic division is a shortcut method for polynomial
division which can be used in place of the standard long division. It uses
only the numerical coefficients of the terms of the dividend and the divisor,
and multiplication and addition as the means of operation.

 Video lecture (Slide 19): Let students watch a simple video regarding
examples of synthetic division of polynomials.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxHWoUOq2iQ
 Examples. Reinforced what the students have watched by discussing
more examples. This time you will do it as the learning facilitator.
1. Divide x4 – 3x3 + x2 – 2x + 3) ÷ (x – 2) (Slides 20-21)
 4

Note: The results in step 8 (1, -1, -1, -4, -5) are the numerical coefficients of
the terms of the quotient in descending order. Since the divisor is linear, the
degree of the quotient is one degree less than the dividend. The first term is
the leading coefficient of the dividend and the last term is the remainder.
2. Divide 2x2 + x3 + 1 by x + 1. This time, let the students answer. (Slides
22-23)
 +

Ask the students if they have further questions if none, proceed to

comparing the two methods
20 minutes Analysis Comparison (Slide 24): Questions to ponder on: Present the following
given solved by both methods then ask the students the succeeding
questions.
 1. Compare and contrast long division and synthetic division
2. Which method is easier, long division or synthetic division? Why?

Enrichment: There are cases when the quotient in long division differs with
the quotient in synthetic division. This happens whenever the numerical
coefficient of the leading term of the divisor is not equal to 1.
Present this possible dilemma that the students may encounter.

Directions: Below is an illustration of long division and synthetic division

wherein the divisor is in the form ax – c (x = 𝑐/𝑎). Study the steps well then
answer the questions that follow. (Slides 25-26)

Questions:
1. How do you compare the quotients in both methods?
2. What will you do with the numerical coefficients of the terms of the
quotient in synthetic division so that it would be the same with that of long
division?
3. How do you compare the number you used to divide the numerical
coefficients of the terms of the quotient in synthetic division with that of the
numerical coefficient of x in the divisor?
 4.What can you say about the remainders in both methods?

Reveal to them these concepts: (Slide 27)

 “Partial” means it’s the tentative or not the final quotient yet.
 You have learned that if the divisor is in the form ax – c where a ≠ 1,
divide the quotient by “a” and leave the remainder as it is.

Ask the students if they have any questions regarding the topic for the day.
3 minutes Abstraction/Ge Let the students remember the following when dividing polynomials.
neralization (Slide 28)
P( x ) R( x )
 Q( x ) 
● Long division of polynomials can be obtained by D( x ) D( x )
or
P(x) = D(x) . Q(x) + R(x).
● Synthetic division is a shortcut method for polynomial division which
can be used in place of the standard long division. It uses only the
numerical coefficients of the terms of the dividend and the divisor, and
multiplication and addition as the means of operation.
● Students are free to choose the method by which they can find comfort
in solving.
● Whenever they are using synthetic division, make sure to finalize the
partial quotient.
2 minutes Closing the Give assignment for further practice:
Session Divide the following polynomials using the two methods.
1. (x3– x2 + x – 1) ÷ (x + 2)
2. (– 3x3 + 2x4 + x – 1) ÷ (x + 2)

Ask the students how did they find the session for today. Is it easy or
difficult for them?
Reiterate to them that the knowledge they have gained is important for
them to understand the next topics to come and that this is important in
their daily lives.

Bid goodbye to the students.

Prepared by:
JOMAR A. FELIX
Teacher 1
Alicia National High School
Division EMTAP Facilitator

Evaluated by:
Quality Assurance Team

Secondary

ALJON S. BUCU LEONOR M. BALICAO

Master Teacher I, Regional SHS Master Teacher I, Delfin Albano Magsaysay SASHS

HONORATO A. MALABAD JR. ROMEL L. RICARDO

 Principal III, San Antonio National High School Principal III, Lalauanan High School

PETER A. BATARAO
Principal II, Ragan Sur National High School
Approved:

INOCENCIO T. BALAG
EPS-Mathematics