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Week 1 - Introduction

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Week 1 - Introduction

Uploaded by

tincan956
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HNDIT11062 –

Web Development

Chapter 1: Introduction

1
Module HNDIT11062 Module Web Development
Code Title

Credits 2 Lectures 01

Hours
GPA/NGPA GPA Lab/Tutorial 03

Semester S1 Module Core compulsory


Type

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Module Objective
• To develop skills required for using Internet
and software tools associated with the
Internet for information search, retrieval, and
networking for improving productivity at work
• To develop skills and knowledge required for
development and deployment of simple
websites with static content

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Learning Outcomes
• At the end of the module the student will be able to

– Describe the history and the development of the Internet


– Describe operation and governance in the Internet
– Connect a computer to the Internet using different connection
options
– Use common Internet based applications such as WWW, email,
FTP etc.
– Describe and use emerging applications and social networking
tools (Face Book, YouTube, Twitter etc.)
– Apply necessary security measures for transaction over the
Internet
– Understand and describe the concepts of web design, basic
HTML and related web technologies
– Use a website development software applications to design and
develop simple websites with static content
– Deploy simple websites on server 4
Outline Syllabus
• History and development of the Internet
• How Internet operates and Internet governance
• Different ways of connecting to the Internet
• Common Internet based applications (WWW, email, FTP etc.)
• Types of web-sites (Static, Dynamic, Collaborative and
Syndication etc.)
• Migration from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and the differences
between them
• Modern Web applications (Social Networking, e-Commerce, e-
Governance)
• Data security issues in Internet (Viruses, Adware & Spyware,
Trojan programs etc.)
• Protecting data in the Internet

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Outline Syllabus (Cont.)

• Introduction to World Wide Web and web


technologies
• Markup languages – HTML basics
• Use of styles and frames
• Website development using a design tool
• Deploying websites

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Assessment and Weighting

• Assignments and tutorials 50%


• Structured Paper 50%

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Introduction

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We all use the Internet, but what is it?

• A network of computer networks

• A descendent of Cold War defense technology

• The most powerful distribution system in the history


of civilization

• A medium that melds text, audio and video through


digitalization.

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Internet
• The Internet is a group of computer networks
interconnected around the world.

• It is the largest communication network ever


conceived.
• The connected networks are comprised of
educational, commercial and government sites.
• The interconnected networks may be made up of
any number of computers from two to infinity.
• The collection of sites residing on the Internet form
one of the largest repositories of information in
history.
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Computer Network
• A computer network, often simply referred to
as a network, is a collection of computers and
devices interconnected by communications
channels that facilitate communications
among users and allows users to share
resources.

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How it works

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How Internet structured

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World Internet Presence, 1991

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World Internet Presence, 1997

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Global cyberspace connections are
made by satellites…

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Or undersea cables…

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Evolution of the Internet
 1820s—First experiments in building calculating
“engines” done by Charles Babbage.

 1890—Herman Hollerith develops digital processing


machine to compile U.S. Census.

 1944—IBM builds electromechanical calculator to


help calculate trajectories for weaponry and to
break German and Japanese codes.

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 1957—Soviet Union ratchets up Cold War by
launching first orbiting man-made satellite, Sputnik.
U.S.

 Defense Department creates ARPA (Advanced


Research Projects Agency) to apply technology to
Cold War defense.

 1961—IBM designs computer system that allows


separate terminals to access same hardware,
effectively inventing “remote access.”

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• 1969—ARPANET computer network started.
The network makes use of a packet-switching
concept that would send messages in pieces
and assemble them at their destination. Thus,
no one path destroyed by nuclear attack could
disable a message.

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• 1972—At the First International Conference
on Computers and Communication, ARPA
scientists demonstrated their network, linking
computers between 40 different locations.

• First email sent between research facilities.

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• 1974—Scientists at ARPA create a common language
that allows different networks to communicate. It’s
called transmission control protocol/internet protocol
(TCP/IP).

• Other computer networks are devised:


• Telenet (1974—commercial version of ARPANET)
• Usenet (1979—focusing on email and newsgroups)
• Bitnet (1981—links scientists across disciplines)

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• 1976—Queen Elizabeth sends an email
from Buckingham Palace.

• 1983—ARPANET abandoned by
government for military research functions.

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• 1984—William Gibson, a novelist, coins term
“cyberspace,” using it in his sci-fi book
Neuromancer.

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 1984—Domain name servers introduced (.com,
.gov, .org, .edu), making Internet addresses
easier to remember.

 1985—NSFNet founded, which creates the


Internet “backbone” (massive high-speed
network pathways)
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• 1985—San Francisco network the WELL
(Whole Earth ‘Lectronic Link) starts up as one
of the first bulletin boards and chat sites.

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Effects of NSFNet

• Allowed increased Internet capacity.

• Encouraged surge in Internet use. (By 1986, host


computers numbered 5,000. In 1987, there were
28,000 hosts.)

• Encouraged private Internet providers because


commercial enterprises were excluded from NSFNet.

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 1989—CERN scientist Tim Berners-Lee designs
World Wide Web as a way to share and retrieve
research. He designs first browser and HTML.

 1990—Internet hosts number


300,000.

 First “search engine,” called Archie,


developed at McGill University, Montreal.

 1991—NSF removes its restriction on private


access to its backbone computers, a result of the
end of the Cold War.
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 1991—Sen. Al Gore sponsors High Performance
Computing Act, which funds research into improving
the Internet infrastructure.

 1992—Only 50 Websites exist in the world.

 1993—Mark Andreessen invents Mosaic browser,


which would lead to his company Netscape. His
browser allows easier “surfing” of the Web.

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• 1994—Proprietary computer services, such as
Prodigy, Compuserve and AOL, provide Internet
“gateways” for their subscribers.

• 1995—25,000 Web sites exist.

• 1996—More than 250,000 Web sites exist.

• 1997—E-Commerce gets underway and the start of


.com retailers, such as Amazon.com.

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• 2005—Google.com can search more than 8
billion Web pages.

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Where will the Internet take us?

 All traditional media will use the Web for distribution. Some
mainstream media, such as newspapers, may end up moving totally
to Cyberspace.”

 Movies, books, music, TV will be increasingly downloadable from the


Internet onto storage media, such as today’s DVDs.

 The Internet will likely be as accessible as our phone network, as we


use it from our cars, from pocket devices and from devices yet to be
imagined. (Instead of taking our cars in for recall repairs, might
patches downloadable from the Internet fix electronic components
or monitor maintenance?)
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• As more bandwidth becomes available, graphics and video
will be the norm and text will take a backseat in presentation
of content.

• The voice of the individual among the world’s billions of


human beings will be discernable.

• Global, instantaneous distribution of information and culture


will further “shrink” and homogenize the planet, making us a
true “Global Village.”

• The Internet will be ubiquitous, available everywhere


wirelessly, like cell phone service.

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