Scribd
Upload
5 views

Module 4B updated

Uploaded by

Akhil Ac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Module 4B updated

Uploaded by

Akhil Ac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Image and Kernel of a Linear Transformation

Let V and W be vector spaces, and let T : V →W be a linear transformation. The image of T,
denoted by Im(T) or Range(T), is the set
Im(T ) or R(T)  {T (v)  W;  v V }  W

In other words, the image of T consists of individual images of all vectors of V.

Let V and W be vector spaces, and let T : V →W be a linear transformation. The kernel of T,
denoted by Ker(T), is the set

ker T   v V ; T  v   0  V

In other words, the kernel of T consists of all vectors of V that map to 0 in W.


Important Transform is given in the following Question:
Remark:
Let T : n  m be a linear Transform defined by the (m x n) order matrix A.
The kernel of A consists of all the solutions of system AX=0. Therefore, Kernel
of A [i.e., Ker(T)] is nothing but a null space N(A) of matrix A.
The Im(A) [i.e., Im(T)] is just Column space C(A) of matrix A.
 Therefore, finding Kernel of T (if you know Matrix A corresponding to T)
is same as finding Null space N(A) of matrices studied in Module 3.
 And finding basis of Im(T) (if you know Matrix A corresponding to T) is
same as finding Basis of column space C(A) of matrices studied in
Module 3.

Question 1: Let T:R4→R5 be a linear transformation with standard matrix A,


such that T(X)=AX

Then find Basis of Im(T) & Dim[Im(T)]

Solution: First we find Reduced Row Echelon form of A.

 
Basis for C(A)=Basis of Im(T)= v1 , v 2 , v 4  1,0,  3, 3, 2  ,  3, 1, 0, 4, 0  ,  3, 0,  1, 1, 2 
  1  3   3  
      
  0  1   0  
 
or   3 , 0  ,  1  ,
  3   4 1  
      
  2  0   2  
Dim C(A)=Dim Im(T)=3.
1 2 2 1 
A  3 6 5 4 
 
1 2 0 3 
Then find Ker(T), Basis of Ker(T) & Dim[Ker(T)].

1 2 2 1 0  1 2 2 1 0 
 x  2x  2x  x  0
 
 A | 0  3 6 5 4 0 Row Echelon Form 0 0 1 1 0  1 2 x3  x4  0
1 2 0 3 0  0 0 0 0 0  3 4

  2, n  4, n    4  2  2, two free variables. Let x4  t  x3  t & x2  s  x1  2s  3t

Then the solution Space=Ker(T)=  2s  3t , s,  t, t  s, t   .


 2s  3t , s,  t, t    2s , s, 0, 0    3t , 0,  t, t 
,
 s  2 , 1, 0, 0   t  3 , 0,  1, 1
So, Basis of Ker(T)= BN(A) =  2 , 1, 0, 0  ,  3 , 0,  1, 1

Nullity=Dim[N(A)]=Dim[Ker(T)]=2.  n    2
Note: If slandered basis is given then finding rule is little easy. See next
example
We already studied this theorem in Module 3 in terms of matrices.

You might also like