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Enumeraor
E= (Q,E,r, 6, go. Gyrint sGrepot) where

"Qis a fhnite, non-empty set of states.
"Eis a tirite, non-empty set of the output / print alphabet
"risatnite, non-empty set of the working tape alphabet
printer
control "5is the transtion functon &
:Qx ’Qxrx {L, R} x E,
"qo E Qs the start state
(OLOoj... wok upe "rint EQsthe print state.
" grejedt is the reject state with ,rint rejedt
Enumerator Definition
An enumerator is a specific type of Turing machine that enumerates the strings of a
specific language. It can be formally defined as follows: An enumerator Eis a two
tape Turing machine, where the first tape is used as the input/work tape, and the
second tape is used as the printer/output tape. The enumerator Eenumerates a
language Lifand only if foreachx in L, Ewill eventually writexon its printer tape,
separated by some delimiters such as the blank symbol. In simpler terms, the
enumerator Egoes through all the possible strings in a language Land prints each
string belonging to Lon the printer tape.
Two-Tape Turing Machine
Atwo-tape Turing machine is a variation of the standard Turing machine with two
input/output tapes. In our enumerator definition, the first tape is used for input
and as a work tape for performing computations, while the second tape is used as
the printer/output tape for writing the enumerated strings of the language. The
Turing machine has a finite set of states, including the initial state, and a transition
function that describes how the Turing machine moves between states based on
the symbols on the tapes and its current state.
An enumerator is a type of two-tape Turing machine designed to enumerate
the strings of a language. Specifically, an enumerator, denoted as E, uses the
first tape as the input or work tape, while the second tape functions as the
printer or output tape. The enumerator is used to print all strings of a
languageL, meaning for each string xin L, Ewill at one point write xon its
printer tape, with each string separated by a unique delimiter, such as a blank
symbol. Moreover, a two-tape Turing machine is an extension of the standard
Turing machine, having two tapes for input and output. It utilizes the first tape
for input and computation, and the second for output, writing the enumerated
strings of the language. The machine includes a finite set of states, an initial
state, and employs a transition function for state transitions, which are
determined by the current tape symbols and state. The enumerated language
is the language composed of the strings enumerated by the enumerator.
Formally, a language Lis said to be enumerable if there is an enumerator E
that enumerates all its strings. The concept of enumerable languages is crucial
in studying decidability since a language is recursively enumerable, or Turing
recognizable, only ifit is the enumerated language of an enumerator. This
language can be formally defined as L(E) ={x|x is a string in the enumerated
language produced by the enumerator E}. In essence, an enumerator is a
specially purposed two-tape Turing machine that sequentially prints each
string in a language, and this language is identified as the enumerated
language.
Short Answer Expert verified
In summary: a) Yes, a Turing machine can write the blank symbol s on its tape
because it is part of the tape alphabet IT. b) No, the tape alphabet I cannot be
the same as the input alphabet as T always includes the blank symbol
while does not. c) Yes, a Turing machine's head can be in the same location
in two successive steps if it has a "stay" movement option (N), which is a
logical extension to the classic Turing machine definition. d) Yes, a Turing
machine can contain just a single state, which is both the initial state and a
halting state. Such a machine would halt immediately, accepting an empty or
trivial language.
a)
{ww contains an equal number of Os and ls}

"On input string w:
1. Scan the tape and mark the first zero that has not been marked. If no unmarked
zero is found, go to stage four.
Otherwise, move the head back to the front of the tape.
2. Scan the tape and mark the first one that has not been marked. If no unmarked
one is found, reject.
3. Move the head back to the front of the tape and go to stage one.
4. Move the head back to the front of the tape. Scan the tape to see if any
unmarked 1s remain. If none are found, accept; otherwise, reject."
{ww contains an equal number of Os and 1s}
{ww contains twice as many Os as 1s}
1.Scan the tape and mark the first one which has not been marked. If no unmarked
l'sare found go to stage five. Otherwise move the head back to the start of the
tape
2. Scan the tape until an unmarked zero is found, mark the zero, if no zero's are
found reject
3. Scan the tape once more until an unmarked zero is found, mark the zero, if no
zero's are found reject
4. Move the head back to the start of the tape and go to stage 15. Move the head
back to the start of the tape. Scan the tape to see if any unmarked zero's are found.
If none are found accept, otherwise reject.
{w w contains twice as many Os as ls}
{ww does not contain twice as many Os as ls}
1. Scan the tape and mark the first one which has not been marked. If no
unmarked one's are found go to stage five. Otherwise move the head back to the
start of the tape
2. Scan the tape until an unmarked zero is found, mark the zero, if no zero's are
found accept
3. Scan the tape once more until an unmarked zero is found, mark the zero, if no
zero's are found accept
4. Move the head back to the start of the tape and go to stage 1 5. Move the head
back to the start of the tape. Scan the tape to see if any unmarked zero's are found.
If none are found reject, otherwise accept.
{w w does not contain twice as many Os as 1s},

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E= (Q,E,r, 6, go. Gyrint sGrepot) where

{ww contains an equal number of Os and ls}

Otherwise, move the head back to the front of the tape.

{w w does not contain twice as many Os as 1s},

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