Java Programming

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Conditional Statement

➢ Conditional Statement is also Known as Decision-Making

Statement .
➢ Conditional Statement decides which statement to execute and
when.
➢ Java provides the facility to make decisions using selection
statements.
➢ They evaluate the decision based on provided c onditions and
proceed with the flow of the program in a certain direction.

Java provides two types of conditional statements :

if Statement

switch Statement

➔ Java-if Statement :

The java if-Statement is used to test the condition.It check boolean condition:
true or false.

There are varios types of if -Statement in java.

If statement
If-else statement
If-else-if ladder
Nested if statement
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1. Java if Statement

The syntax of an if-then statement is:

if (condition) {
// statements
}

Here, condition is a boolean expression such as age >= 18 .

• if condition evaluates to true , statements are executed

• if condition evaluates to false , statements are skipped

Working of if Statement

Working of Java if statement

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Example 1: Java if Statement

class IfStatement {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 10;

// checks if number is less than 0

if (number < 0) {
System.out.println("The number is negative.");
}

System.out.println("Statement outside if block");

}
}

Output

Statement outside if block

In the program, number < 0 is false . Hence, the code inside the body of

the if statement is skipped.

2. Java if...else (if-then-else) Statement

The if statement executes a certain section of code if the test expression is

evaluated to true . However, if the test expression is evaluated to false , it

does nothing.

In this case, we can use an optional else block. Statements inside the body

of else block are executed if the test expression is evaluated to false . This is

known as the if-...else statement in Java.

The syntax of the if...else statement is:

if (condition) {
// codes in if block
}
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else {
// codes in else block
}

Here, the program will do one task (codes inside if block) if the condition

is true and another task (codes inside else block) if the condition is false .

Working of if...else statement

Example 2: Java if...else Statement

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) { int number = 10;

// checks if number is greater than 0

if (number > 0) {
System.out.println("The number is positive.");
}

// execute this block

// if number is not greater than 0 else {
System.out.println("The number is not positive.");
}

System.out.println("Statement outside if...else block");

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}
}

Output

The number is positive.

Statement outside if...else block

In the above example, we have a variable named number. Here, the test

expression number > 0 checks if number is greater than 0.

Since the value of the number is 10 , the test expression evaluates to true .

Hence code inside the body of if is executed.

Now, change the value of the number to a negative integer. Let's say -5 .

int number = -5;

If we run the program with the new value of number, the output will be:

The number is not positive.

Statement outside if...else block

Here, the value of number is -5 . So the test expression evaluates to false .

Hence code inside the body of else is executed.

3. Java if...else...if Statement

In Java, we have an if...else...if ladder, that can be used to execute one

block of code among multiple other blocks.
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if (condition1) {
// codes
}
else if(condition2) {
// codes
}
else if (condition3) {
// codes
}
.
.
else {
// codes
}

Here, if statements are executed from the top towards the bottom. When the

test condition is true , codes inside the body of that if block is executed. And,

program control jumps outside the if...else...if ladder.

If all test expressions are false , codes inside the body of else are executed.

Working of if...else...if ladder

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Example 3: Java if...else...if Statement

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 0;

// checks if number is greater than 0

if (number > 0) {
System.out.println("The number is positive.");
}

// checks if number is less than 0

else if (number < 0) {
System.out.println("The number is negative.");
}

// if both condition is false

else {
System.out.println("The number is 0.");
}
}
}
Output

The number is 0.

In the above example, we are checking whether number is

positive, negative, or zero. Here, we have two

condition expressions:

• number > 0 - checks if number is greater than 0

• number < 0 - checks if number is less than 0

Here, the value of number is 0 . So both the conditions evaluate to false .

Hence the statement inside the body of else is executed.

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4. Java Nested if..else Statement

In Java, it is also possible to use if..else statements inside an

if...else statement. It's called the nested if...else statement.

Here's a program to find the largest of 3 numbers using the

nested if...else statement.

Example 4: Nested if...else Statement

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// declaring double type variables

Double n1 = -1.0, n2 = 4.5, n3 = -5.3, largest;

// checks if n1 is greater than or equal to n2 if (n1 >= n2) {

// if...else statement inside the if block // checks if n1 is greater than or equal to n3 if (n1 >= n3) {
largest = n1;
}

else {
largest = n3;
}
} else {

// if..else statement inside else block

// checks if n2 is greater than or equal to n3 if (n2 >= n3) { largest = n2;
}

else {
largest = n3;
}
}

System.out.println("Largest Number: " + largest);

}
}
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Output:

Largest Number: 4.5

In the above programs, we have assigned the value of variables ourselves to

make this easier.

➔ Switch Statement :

The Switch statement allows us to execute a block of code among many

alternatives.

The syntax of the switch statement in Java is:

switch (expression) {

case value1:
// code
break;

case value2:
// code
break;

...
...

default:
// default statements
}
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Working of switch case statement

The expression is evaluated once and compared with the values of each case.

• If expression matches with value1 , the code of case value1 are

executed. Similarly, the code of case value2 is executed if

expression matches with value2 .

• If there is no match, the code of the default case is executed.

Example: Java switch Statement

// Java Program to check the size
// using the switch...case statement

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 44;

String size;

// switch statement to check size switch (number) {

case 29: size = "Small";

break;

case 42: size = "Medium";

break;

// match the value of week case 44: size = "Large";

break;

case 48: size = "Extra Large";

break;

default:
size = "Unknown";
break;

}
System.out.println("Size: " + size);
}
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Output:

Size: Large

In the above example, we have used the switch statement to find the size.

Here, we have a variable number. The variable is compared with the value of

each case statement.

Since the value matches with 44, the code of case 44 is executed.

size = "Large"; break;

Here, the size variable is assigned with the value Large .