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DEMOGRAPHY – the science which deals with the study of thehuman population size,
composition and distribution in space.
Sources of Data
1. Primary data – original data collected for a specificpurpose by a researcher.
Example: Data collected whenthere is a suspected Cholera outbreak in a community,which

could include getting water sample from theirwater source and interviewing people about
theirsymptoms.
2. Secondary data – data already collected by otherindividuals and/ or institutions for some
specific purpose.
.Example: Population census, birth, and death certificates,health surveys, etc.
- Vital Statistics is the study of the characteristics ofhuman populations. It comprises a number
ofimportant events in human life including birth, death,fetal death, marriage, divorce,
annulment, judicialseparation, adoption, legitimation and recognition.
- Individual records – birth, death, marriage/divorce.
- Population records – it serves as key demographicvariables in the analysis of population size,

growthand geographic distribution.
Population inducators includes population growthindicators (crude birth rate, general fertility
rate,total fertility rate and annual growth rate) and otherpopulation dynamics (migration) that
can affect theage-sex structure of the population.
- Population Size
1. Natural increase
2. Rate of natural increase
-Population Composition
1. Sex composition
2. Age composition
3. Age and sex composition

- Population Distribution
1. Urban-Rural distribution
2. Crowding index
3. Population density
2. HEALTH INDICATORS
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) – measures how fast peopleare added to the population through births.
CBR = total number of live births for a given areaand time period/total population at the
midpointof the time period x 1000.
Crude Death Rate (CDR) represents the total oroverall death rate in a given population
CDR= number of deaths for a given area and timeperiod/ size of population at risk of dying,
usuallytaken as the estimated population at the midpoint ofthe calendar year x 1000
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is reported and published extensively, partly as a demographic
indicator but also as an indicator of socioeconomic development.It is the number of deathsper
1,000 live births of children under one year ofage
IMR= deaths under 1 year of age/ number of livebirths x 1000
.Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) refers to deaths dueto complications from pregnancy or
childbirth.
MMR= number of deaths due to pregnancy, deliveryand puerperium / number of live births x
1000.
Specific Rate of Mortality refers to death rates that are categorized by factors such as age, sex,
social class, race/ethnicity, income, and area of residence for demographic, actuarial, and public
health analysis.
Causes of Morbidity and Mortality
10 Leading Causes of Morbidity in the Philippines,2010 (DOH, 2010)
1. Acute Respiratory Infection
2. Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection andPneumonia.
3. Bronchitis/Bronchiolitis
4. Hypertension
5. Acute Watery Diarrhea6. Influenza
7. Urinary Tract Infection
8. TB Respiratory
9. Injuries
10. Diseases of the Heart
10 Leading Causes of Deaths in the Philippines, 2006(PSA, 2016)
1. Ischemic Heart Disease
2. Neoplasms
3. Pneumonia
4. Cerebrovascular Disease
5. Hypertensive Diseases
6. Diabetes Mellitus
7. Other Heart Diseases
8. Respiratory Tuberculosis
9. Chronic Lower Respiratory Infections
10. Diseases of the Genitourinary System
B. PHILIPPINE HEALTH SITUATION
1. Demographic Profile
A nation’s health care delivery system has atremendous impact not only on the health of
itspeople but also on their development, including theirsocioeconomic status. Nations go
through a struggleto overcome multiple forces in efforts to advance thenation’s health within
the context of their financialand political situations.Anderson and MCFarlane (2011)
emphasized therole of the following factors in shaping 21st centuryhealth that further influence
health care deliverysystem: 1. Health care reforms; 2. Demographics; 3.Globalization; 4. Poverty
and growing disparities; 5.Social disintegration.
Fertility in the Philippines
A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average numberof children per woman needed for
eachgeneration to exactly replace itself withoutneeding international immigration.• Live Births
per Woman, 2020
Life Expectancy in the Philippines
BOTH SEXES71.7 years (life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
FEMALES75.9 years(Life expectancy at birth, females)
MALES67.7 years(Life expectancy at birth, males)
Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5Years Old in the Philippines
INFANT MORTALITY
17.5(Infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
DEATHS UNDER AGE 524.8(per 1,000 live births)
2. Health Profile
One of the issues raised about health statistics in the country is thier accuracy,completeness
and reliability.

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1. Primary data – original data collected for a specificpurpose by a researcher.

Example: Data collected whenthere is a suspected Cholera outbreak in a community,which

.Example: Population census, birth, and death certificates,health surveys, etc.

- Individual records – birth, death, marriage/divorce.

- Population records – it serves as key demographicvariables in the analysis of population size,

2. Rate of natural increase

3. Age and sex composition

IMR= deaths under 1 year of age/ number of livebirths x 1000

Causes of Morbidity and Mortality

10 Leading Causes of Morbidity in the Philippines,2010 (DOH, 2010)

1. Acute Respiratory Infection

2. Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection andPneumonia.

5. Acute Watery Diarrhea6. Influenza

7. Urinary Tract Infection

10. Diseases of the Heart

10 Leading Causes of Deaths in the Philippines, 2006(PSA, 2016)

1. Ischemic Heart Disease

7. Other Heart Diseases

9. Chronic Lower Respiratory Infections

10. Diseases of the Genitourinary System

B. PHILIPPINE HEALTH SITUATION

Fertility in the Philippines

Life Expectancy in the Philippines

BOTH SEXES71.7 years (life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)

FEMALES75.9 years(Life expectancy at birth, females)

MALES67.7 years(Life expectancy at birth, males)

17.5(Infant deaths per 1,000 live births)

DEATHS UNDER AGE 524.8(per 1,000 live births)

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