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Comprehensive ICSE Class 10 Computer Notes

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Comprehensive ICSE Class 10 Computer Notes

Uploaded by

khaitannirbhay
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Comprehensive ICSE Class 10 Computer Applications Notes

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts:

- **Principles of OOP**:

- **Class**: A blueprint for objects, containing data and methods. Example: `class Student`.

- **Object**: An instance of a class. Example: `Student s = new Student();`.

- **Encapsulation**: Wrapping data and methods together as a single unit.

- **Inheritance**: Acquiring properties of one class into another.

- **Polymorphism**: Ability to take multiple forms (method overloading and overriding).

- Real-life examples: A car as a class; individual cars as objects.

2. Introduction to Java:

- **Java Basics**: Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language.

- **JVM**: Java Virtual Machine converts bytecode to machine code.

- **Features**: Platform independent, secure, robust, portable, and dynamic.

3. Elementary Concepts of Objects and Classes:

- **Objects**: Real-world entities with properties and behaviors.

- **Classes**: Define the blueprint of objects.

- **Data Types**: Primitive (int, float, char) vs. Non-primitive (String, arrays).

4. Values and Data Types:

- **Literals**: Constant values (e.g., 10, 3.14, 'A').

- **Variables**: Containers for storing data. Example: `int age = 25;`.

- **Type Conversion**: Automatic conversion (widening).

- **Type Casting**: Manual conversion (narrowing).


5. Operators in Java:

- **Arithmetic Operators**: +, -, *, /, %.

- **Relational Operators**: >, <, >=, <=, ==, !=.

- **Logical Operators**: &&, ||, !.

- **Ternary Operator**: `condition ? expr1 : expr2;`.

6. Input in Java:

- Using **Scanner Class**: `import java.util.Scanner;`.

Example: `Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);`.

7. Mathematical Library Methods:

- Methods include:

- `Math.abs(-5)` returns 5.

- `Math.pow(2, 3)` returns 8.

- `Math.sqrt(16)` returns 4.

8. Conditional Statements:

- **If-else**: Example:

```java

if (a > b) {

System.out.println("A is greater");

} else {

System.out.println("B is greater");

```

- **Switch-case**: Example:
```java

switch (choice) {

case 1: System.out.println("Option 1"); break;

case 2: System.out.println("Option 2"); break;

default: System.out.println("Invalid choice");

```

9. Loops:

- **For loop**:

```java

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System.out.println(i);

```

- **While loop**:

```java

int i = 0;

while (i < 5) {

System.out.println(i);

i++;

```

10. Arrays:

- Declaration: `int[] arr = new int[5];`.

- Accessing Elements: `arr[0] = 10;`.


- Traversing:

```java

for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

System.out.println(arr[i]);

```

11. String Handling:

- Common methods:

- `length()`: Returns the length of the string.

- `charAt(2)`: Returns character at index 2.

- `toUpperCase()`: Converts to uppercase.

12. User-defined Methods:

- Example:

```java

public static int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

```

13. File Handling (Optional):

- Writing to a file:

```java

FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("file.txt");

fw.write("Hello, world!");

fw.close();
```

14. Exception Handling:

- Example:

```java

try {

int result = 10 / 0;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");

```

15. Practical Applications:

- Programs for patterns, number manipulations, sorting arrays, and string operations.

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