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Class 7th MCQS

Short Questions Long Questions

MCQS

1. What is the main function of the circulatory system?

(A) To digest food

(B) To transport nutrients and oxygen to body cells

(C) To remove waste from the body

(D) To produce hormones

2. Which of the following is NOT a part of the human circulatory system?

(A) Heart

(B) Lungs

(C) Blood vessels

(D) Stomach

3. The heart has how many chambers?

(A) Two

(B) Three

(C) Four

(D) Five
4. What is the name of the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

(A) Veins

(B) Arteries

(C) Capillaries

(D) Vena cava

5. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

(A) Arteries

(B) Veins

(C) Capillaries

(D) Aorta

6. What is the function of red blood cells?

(A) To fight infections

(B) To carry oxygen

(C) To form blood clots

(D) To digest food

7. The largest artery in the human body is called the:

(A) Pulmonary artery

(B) Aorta
(C) Carotid artery

(D) Femoral artery

8. The process of blood clotting is mainly carried out by:

(A) Red blood cells

(B) White blood cells

(C) Platelets

(D) Plasma

9. Which of the following is the fluid component of the blood?

(A) Plasma

(B) Platelets

(C) Red blood cells

(D) White blood cells

10. Which part of the blood helps in fighting infections?

(A) Red blood cells

(B) Plasma

(C) White blood cells

(D) Platelets

Short Questions

1. What is the circulatory system?

Answer: The circulatory system is a network of blood vessels and the heart, responsible for
transporting blood, nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.

2. What are the main components of the human circulatory system?

Answer: The main components of the human circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood
vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

3. What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

Answer: The heart pumps blood throughout the body, ensuring the circulation of oxygen and
nutrients and removal of waste products.

4. How many chambers are there in the human heart?

Answer: The human heart has four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles
(lower chambers).

5. What is the function of arteries?

Answer: Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body tissues, except the
pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

6. What is the role of veins in the circulatory system?

Answer: Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, except for the pulmonary veins,
which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

7. What is the function of capillaries?

Answer: Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon
dioxide), nutrients, and waste products takes place between the blood and body tissues.

8. Explain the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Answer: Oxygenated blood is rich in oxygen and is carried from the lungs to the heart and then
to the body. Deoxygenated blood is low in oxygen and carries carbon dioxide, returning from the
body to the heart and then to the lungs.

9. What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer: Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and return carbon dioxide
from the tissues to the lungs.

10. What are platelets, and what is their function?

Answer: Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that help in blood clotting to prevent
excessive bleeding.

11. What is plasma, and what role does it play in the blood?

Answer: Plasma is the yellowish, liquid component of blood that carries water, nutrients,
hormones, and waste products. It also helps in maintaining blood pressure and volume.

12. What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer: White blood cells are part of the immune system and help defend the body against
infections and foreign invaders.

13. Where does the exchange of gases take place in the circulatory system?

Answer: The exchange of gases takes place in the capillaries, specifically in the lungs (for
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange) and in tissues throughout the body.

14. What is the function of the aorta?

Answer: The aorta is the largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood
from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

15. What is blood pressure, and how is it measured?

Answer: Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps
it around the body. It is measured using a sphygmomanometer, with two readings: systolic
(when the heart beats) and diastolic (when the heart rests).

16. What is the process of blood clotting?

Answer: Blood clotting is the process by which platelets and proteins in the plasma work
together to form a clot at the site of an injury, preventing excessive bleeding.

17. What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulations?

Answer: Pulmonary circulation refers to the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and
back, while systemic circulation refers to the movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the
body.

18. What is the role of the heart valves?

Answer: The heart valves control the direction of blood flow through the heart, preventing
backflow and ensuring blood flows in one direction.

19. What happens during a heart attack?

Answer: A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked,
causing damage to the heart tissue due to lack of oxygen.

20. Why is the circulatory system important for the human body?

Answer: The circulatory system is crucial for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to
cells, removing waste products, maintaining body temperature, and supporting the immune
system.

Long Questions

1. Describe the structure and function of the human heart.

Answer:
The human heart is a muscular organ located in the chest cavity, slightly to the left. It has four
chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).
Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior
vena cava.

Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.

Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery for
oxygenation.

Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta.
The heart has four main valves: the tricuspid valve (between the right atrium and right ventricle),
the bicuspid valve (between the left atrium and left ventricle), the pulmonary valve (between the
right ventricle and pulmonary artery), and the aortic valve (between the left ventricle and aorta).
These valves ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow.
The heart's primary function is to circulate blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and
nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.

2. Explain the different types of blood vessels and their functions.

Answer:
The human circulatory system has three main types of blood vessels, each with a unique
structure and function:

Arteries:
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. The exception
is the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Arteries have thick,
muscular walls to withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped from the heart.

Veins:
Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. The exception is the
pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Veins have thinner
walls than arteries and contain valves that prevent blood from flowing backward.

Capillaries:
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They have very thin walls (one
cell thick) to allow the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products
between the blood and surrounding tissues. This exchange happens in the capillaries in the
lungs (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and in body tissues (nutrients and waste products).
3. Describe the process of blood circulation in the human body.

Answer:
Blood circulation in the human body can be divided into two main types: systemic circulation
and pulmonary circulation.

Pulmonary Circulation:
The process starts when deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart
through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood flows into the right
ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. In the lungs, carbon dioxide
is exchanged for oxygen. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium of the heart through
the pulmonary veins.

Systemic Circulation:
Oxygenated blood from the left atrium enters the left ventricle, which pumps it through the aorta
to the rest of the body. The blood is distributed through arteries and then flows into smaller
arterioles and eventually capillaries. In the capillaries, oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with
carbon dioxide and waste products in the body tissues. Deoxygenated blood is then collected by
veins and returned to the heart. The process repeats continuously, ensuring that all body cells
receive oxygen and nutrients while waste products are removed.

4. What is the blood pressure, and how is it measured? Explain its importance.

Answer:
Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart
pumps it through the circulatory system. Blood pressure is usually measured in millimeters of
mercury (mmHg) and is given as two numbers:

Systolic Pressure: The higher number, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the
heart contracts and pumps blood.

Diastolic Pressure: The lower number, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the
heart is resting between beats.

Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer. The cuff is placed around the upper
arm, inflated, and the pressure is gradually released. A stethoscope is used to listen to the
sounds of the blood flow to determine systolic and diastolic pressures.

Normal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure (hypertension) or
low blood pressure (hypotension) can indicate health problems. Maintaining a normal blood
pressure is crucial for overall health, as it ensures that blood is effectively circulated throughout
the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs.
5. What are the functions of blood in the human body?

Answer:
Blood has several critical functions in the human body:

Transportation: Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the
cells to the lungs for exhalation. It also carries nutrients from the digestive system to body cells
and waste products to the kidneys and liver for excretion.

Regulation: Blood helps regulate body temperature by distributing heat from the core to the
extremities. It also helps maintain pH balance and fluid balance in the body.

Protection: Blood contains white blood cells that fight infections and foreign invaders, as well as
platelets that help with blood clotting and wound healing.

Hormone Transport: Blood carries hormones from endocrine glands to target organs, enabling
the body to regulate various physiological processes, such as growth, metabolism, and stress
response.