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Php Cheatsheet
Haris Ali Khan

May 11, 2024 11 min read

Basics
Hello World
echo function is used to display or print output

<?php echo "Hello World!"; ?>

Comments
Commets are used to make the code more understandable for programmer,
they are not executed by compiler or interpreter.

One Liner
This is a singleline comment

// Twinkle Twinkle Little Star

Another One Liner

This is a single-line comment

# Chocolate dedo mujhe yaar

Multiline
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This is a multiline comment

/* Code With
Harry */

Vardump
This function dumps information about one or more variables.

<?php var_dump(var1, var2, ...); ?>

Variables
Variables are "containers" for storing information.

Defining Variables

<?php
$Title = "PHP Cheat Sheet By CodeWithHarry";
?>

Datatypes
Datatype is a type of data

String
A string is a sequence of characters, like "Hello world!".

<?php
$x = "Harry";
echo $x;
?>

Integer
An integer is a number without any decimal part.

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<?php
$x = 1234;
var_dump($x);
?>

Float
A float is a number with a decimal point or a number in exponential form.

<?php
$x = 1.2345;
var_dump($x);
?>

Array
An array stores multiple values in one single variable

<?php
$names = array("Harry","Rohan","Shubham");
var_dump($names);
?>

Class
A class is a template for objects

<?php
class Harry{
// code goes here...
}
?>

Object
An object is an instance of the class.

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<?php
class Bike {
public $color;
public $model;
public function __construct($color, $model) {
$this->color = $color;
$this->model = $model;
}
public function message() {
return "My bike is a " . $this->color . " " . $this->model . "!";
}
}

$myBike = new Bike("red", "Honda");

echo $myBike -> message();
?>

Escape Characters
Escape sequences are used for escaping a character during string parsing. It is
also used for giving special meaning to represent line breaks, tabs, alerts and
more.

Line feed
It adds a newline

<?php
echo "\n";
?>

Carriage return
It inserts a carriage return in the text at this point.

<?php
echo "\r";

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?>

Horizontal tab
It gives a horizontal tab space

<?php
echo "\t";
?>

Vertical tab
It gives a vertical tab space

<?php
echo "\v";
?>

Escape
It is used for escape characters

<?php
echo "\e";
?>

Form feed
It is commonly used as page separators but now is also used as section
separators.

<?php
echo "\f";
?>

Backslash
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It adds a backslash

<?php
echo "\\";
?>

Dollar sign
Print the next character as a dollar, not as part of a variable

<?php
echo "\$";
?>

Single quote
Print the next character as a single quote, not a string closer

<?php
echo "\'";
?>

Double quote
Print the next character as a double quote, not a string closer

<?php
echo "\"";
?>

Operators
Operators are symbols that tell the compiler or interpreter to perform specific
mathematical or logical manipulations. These are of several types.

Arithmetic Operators

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Addition
Sum of $x and $y

$x + $y

Subtraction
Difference of $x and $y

$x - $y

Multiplication
Product of $x and $y

$x * $y

Division
Quotient of $x and $y

$x / $y

Modulus
The remainder of $x divided by $y

$x % $y

Exponentiation
Result of raising $x to the $y'th power

$x ** $y

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PHP Assignment Operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a
variable.

x=y
The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right

x = y

x += y
Addition

x = x + y

x -= y
Subtraction

x = x - y

x *= y
Multiplication

x = x * y

x /= y
Division

x = x / y

x %= y

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Modulus

x = x % y

PHP Comparison Operators

Equal
Returns true if $x is equal to $y

$x == $y

Identical
Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type

$x === $y

Not equal
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y

$x != $y

Not equal
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y

$x <> $y

Not identical
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type

$x !== $y

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Greater than
Returns true if $x is greater than $y

$x > $y

Less than
Returns true if $x is less than $y

$x < $y

Greater than or equal to

Returns true if $x is greater than or equal to $y

$x >= $y

Less than or equal to

Returns true if $x is less than or equal to $y

$x <= $y

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

Pre-increment
Increments $x by one, then returns $x

=++$x

Post-increment
Returns $x, then increments $x by one

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$x++

Pre-decrement
Decrements $x by one, then returns $x

--$x

Post-decrement
Returns $x, then decrements $x by one

$x--

PHP Logical Operators

And
True if both $x and $y are true

$x and $y

Or
True if either $x or $y is true

$x or $y

Xor
True if either $x or $y is true, but not both

$x xor $y

And
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True if both $x and $y are true

$x && $y

Or
True if either $x or $y is true

$x || $y

Not
True if $x is not true

!$x

PHP String Operators

Concatenation
Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2

$txt1 . $txt2

Concatenation assignment
Appends $txt2 to $txt1

$txt1 .= $txt2

PHP Array Operators

Union
Union of $x and $y

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$x + $y

Equality
Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs

$x == $y

Identity
Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of
the same types

$x === $y

Inequality
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y

$x != $y

Inequality
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y

$x <> $y

Non-identity
Returns true if $x is not identical to $y

$x !== $y

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators

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Ternary
Returns the value of $x. The value of $x is expr2 if expr1 = TRUE. The value of $x is
expr3 if expr1 = FALSE

$x = expr1 ? expr2 : expr3

Conditional Statements
Conditional statements are used to perform operations based on some
condition.

If Statement
if statement checks the condition and if it is True, then the block of if statement
executes; otherwise, control skips that block of code.

if (condition) {
// code to execute if condition is met
}

If..Else
if the condition of if block evaluates to True, then if block executes otherwise else
block executes

if (condition) {
// code to execute if condition is met
} else {
// code to execute if condition is not met
}

If..Elseif..Else
It executes different codes for more than two conditions

if (condition) {
// code to execute if condition is met

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} elseif (condition) {
// code to execute if this condition is met
} else {
// code to execute if none of the conditions are met
}

Switch Statement
It allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values (cases).

switch (n) {
case x:
code to execute if n=x;
break;
case y:
code to execute if n=y;
break;
case z:
code to execute if n=z;
break;
// add more cases as needed
default:
code to execute if n is neither of the above;
}

Loops
Iterative statements or Loops facilitate programmers to execute any block of
code lines repeatedly.

For Loop
It is used to iterate the statements several times. It is frequently used to traverse
the data structures like the array and linked list.

for (starting counter value; ending counter value; increment by whi

to increase) {

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// code to execute goes here

}

Foreach Loop
The foreach loop loops through a block of code for each element in an array.

foreach ($InsertYourArrayName as $value) {

// code to execute goes here
}

While Loop
It iterate the block of code as long as a specified condition is True or vice versa

while (condition that must apply) {

// code to execute goes here
}

Do-While Loop
This loop is very similar to the while loop with one difference, i.e., the body of the
do-while loop is executed at least once even if the condition is False. It is an exit-
controlled loop.

do {
// code to execute goes here;
} while (condition that must apply);

Predefined Variables
PHP provides a large number of predefined variables to all scripts. The variables
represent everything from external variables to built-in environment variables,
last error messages etc. All this information is defined in some predefined
variables.

$GLOBALS
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$GLOBALS is a PHP super global variable which is used to access global variables
from anywhere in the PHP script.

<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 15;

function addition() {
$GLOBALS['c'] = $GLOBALS['a'] + $GLOBALS['b'];
}
addition();
echo $c;
?>

$_SERVER
Returns the filename of the currently executing script. $_SERVER is a PHP super
global variable which holds information about headers, paths, and script
locations.

$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']

Returns the version of the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) the server is using

$_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE']

Returns the IP address of the host server

$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']

Returns the name of the host server (such as www.codewithharry.com)

$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']

Returns the server identification string (such as Apache/2.2.24)

$_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']

Returns the name and revision of the information protocol (such as HTTP/1.1)

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$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']

Returns the request method used to access the page (such as POST)

$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']

Returns the timestamp of the start of the request (such as 1377687496)

$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']

Returns the query string if the page is accessed via a query string

$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']

Returns the Accept header from the current request

$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT']

Returns the Accept_Charset header from the current request (such as utf-8,ISO-
8859-1)

$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET']

Returns the Host header from the current request

$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']

Returns the complete URL of the current page (not reliable because not all user-
agents support it)

$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']

Is the script queried through a secure HTTP protocol?

$_SERVER['HTTPS']

Returns the IP address from where the user is viewing the current page

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$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']

Returns the Hostname from where the user is viewing the current page

$_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST']

Returns the port being used on the user's machine to communicate with the web
server

$_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT']

Returns the absolute pathname of the currently executing script

$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']

Returns the value given to the SERVER_ADMIN directive in the web server
configuration file (if your script runs on a virtual host, it will be the value defined
for that virtual host) (such as someone@codewithharry.com)

$_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN']

Returns the port on the server machine being used by the webserver for
communication (such as 80)

$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']

Returns the server version and virtual hostname which are added to server-
generated pages

$_SERVER['SERVER_SIGNATURE']

Returns the file system based path to the current script

$_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']

Returns the path of the current script

$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']

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Returns the URI of the current page

$_SERVER['SCRIPT_URI']

$_GET
PHP $_GET is a PHP super global variable which is used to collect form data after
submitting an HTML form with method="get".

<?php
echo "Hello" . $_GET['Example'] . " at " . $_GET['web'];
?>

$_POST
PHP $_POST is a PHP super global variable which is used to collect form data
after submitting an HTML form with method="post". $_POST is also widely used to
pass variables.

<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
$name = $_POST['fname'];
if (empty($name)) {
echo "Please Enter your name";
} else {
echo $name;
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>

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$_REQUEST
PHP $_REQUEST is a PHP super global variable which is used to collect data after
submitting an HTML form.

<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
$name = $_REQUEST['fname'];
if (empty($name)) {
echo "Name is empty";
} else {
echo $name;
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>

Variable-handling Functions
The PHP variable handling functions are part of the PHP core. No installation is
required to use these functions.

boolval
Boolval is used to get the boolean value of a variable

<?php
echo '0: '.(boolval(0) ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo '42: '.(boolval(42) ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo '0.0: '.(boolval(0.0) ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo '4.2: '.(boolval(4.2) ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo '"": '.(boolval("") ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo '"string": '.(boolval("string") ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";

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echo '"0": '.(boolval("0") ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";

echo '"1": '.(boolval("1") ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo '[1, 2]: '.(boolval([1, 2]) ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo '[]: '.(boolval([]) ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
echo 'stdClass: '.(boolval(new stdClass) ? 'true' : 'false')."\n";
?>

isset
It is used to check whether a variable is empty. It also checks whether the
variable is set/declared:

<?php
$x = 0;
// True because $x is set
if (isset($x)) {
echo "Variable 'x' is set";
}

unset
It unsets variables.

<?php
$a = "Namaste world!";
echo "The value of 'a' before unset: " . $a ;
unset($a);
echo "The value of 'a' after unset: " . $a;
?>

debug_zval_dump
debug_zval_dump is used to dump a string representation of an internal zval
structure to output

<?php
$var1 = 'Hello';
$var1 .= ' World';

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$var2 = $var1;

debug_zval_dump($var1);
?>

empty
Empty is used to check whether a variable is empty or not.

<?php
$var = 0;

// Evaluates to true because $var is empty

if (empty($var)) {
echo '$var is either 0, empty, or not set at all';
}

// Evaluates as true because $var is set

if (isset($var)) {
echo '$var is set even though it is empty';
}
?>

floatval
It returns the float value of different variables:

<?php
$var = '122.34343The';
$float_value_of_var = floatval($var);
echo $float_value_of_var; // 122.34343
?>

get_defined_vars
It returns all defined variables, as an array:

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<?php
$b = array(1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8);

$arr = get_defined_vars();

// print $b
print_r($arr["b"]);

/* print path to the PHP interpreter (if used as a CGI)

* e.g. /usr/local/bin/php */
echo $arr["_"];

// print the command-line parameters if any

print_r($arr["argv"]);

// print all the server vars

print_r($arr["_SERVER"]);

// print all the available keys for the arrays of variables

get_resource_type
It returns the resource type:

<?php
// prints: stream
$fp = fopen("foo", "w");
echo get_resource_type($fp) . "\n";

// prints: curl
$c = curl_init ();
echo get_resource_type($c) . "\n"; // works prior to PHP 8.0.0 as s
?>

gettype
It returns the type of different variables:

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<?php
$a = 3;
echo gettype($a) ;
?>

intval
It returns the integer value of different variables:

<?php
echo intval(42); ?>

is_array
To check whether a variable is an array or not:

<?php
$a = "Hello";
echo "a is " . is_array($a) ;?>

Array
An array stores multiple values in one single variable.

Declaring an Array

<?php
$cms = array("Harry", "Lovish", "Rohan");
echo "Who needs chocolate? Is it" . $cms[0] . ", " .
$cms[1] . " or " . $cms[2] . "?";
?>

Functions
A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program

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Defining Functions

function NameOfTheFunction() {
//place PHP code here
}

MySQLi Functions
These functions allow you to access MySQL database server.

mysqli_connect() Function
It opens a non-persistent MySQL connection

mysqli_connect()

mysqli_affected_rows() Function
It returns the number of affected rows

mysqli_affected_rows()

mysqli_connect_error() Function
It shows the Error description for the connection error

mysqli_connect_error()

mysqli_fetch_all() Function
It fetches all result rows as an array

mysqli_fetch_all()

mysqli_fetch_array() Function

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It fetches a result row as an associative, a numeric array, or both

mysqli_fetch_array()

mysqli_fetch_assoc() Function
It fetches a result row as an associative array

mysqli_fetch_assoc()

mysqli_fetch_row() Function
It fetches one row from a result set and returns it as an enumerated array

mysqli_fetch_row()

mysqli_kill() Function
It kills a MySQL thread

mysqli_kill()

mysqli_close() Function
It closes a database connection

mysqli_close()

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Comments (28)

nayaabyousaf3_gm 2024-09-17

this cheatsheet helped me a lot...i learn basics of php in 1 day and i'm so
surprised.. thank U harry bhai...

REPLY

zalakpatel2204_gm 2024-08-25

very help full your notes

REPLY

zalakpatel2204_gm 2024-08-25

very help full your notes

REPLY

shahroshni0516_gm 2024-08-12

Thank you sir ..! 😊

REPLY

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zaheerhussain121472_gm 2024-04-26

i m from pakistan i watch ur video lecher very usefull sr....Allah bless u bro

REPLY

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