Introduction to Web Services

The term Web service describes a standardized way of

integrating Web-based applications or electronic
devices to communicate over a network.
 WWW
• The Internet is a huge network of computers all connected together.
The term WWW refers to the World Wide Web or simply the Web.
The World Wide Web Consortium was founded to develop common
standards for web. The World Wide Web is a collection of web
pages found on this network of computers. The main goal of the Web
is to organize and retrieve information over Internet. The World
Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet service, based on a common set
of protocols or set of rules. These protocols allow a particularly
configured server computer to distribute documents across the
Internet in a standard way. The protocol used in this exchange is
called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
 HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup
language for documents designed to be displayed in a web
browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading
Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
 XML

XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language

XML is a markup language much like HTML
XML was designed to store and transport data
XML was designed to be self-descriptive
XML is a W3C Recommendation
 WEB SERVER

• A web server is a computer that runs websites. A

web server has an Internet connection that runs
software designed to send out HTML pages and
other file formats (such as multimedia files). The
basic objective of the web server is to store, process
and deliver web pages to the users using Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Apart from HTTP, a web
server also supports SMTP (Simple Mail transfer
Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) protocol
for e-mailing, for file transfer and storage.
 WEB SITE

• A website is a collection of web pages belonging to a particular person or

organization. Each document on the website, which may contain only text or a
combination of text, images and multimedia, is called a web page or simply a
page. Typically, the URLs of these pages share a common prefix, which is the
address of the home page of the site. The home page is the “front door” of the
site, and is set up to help viewers to find whatever they are interested to find on
that site. The URL of the home page also serves as the URL of the website. For
example; https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/ is a website.
 WEB PAGE
A web page is a single unit of information, often called a document that is
available via the World Wide Web (WWW). A web page is an HTML document that
is stored on a web server which has a URL, as a result it can be accessed via the
web. A web page can be longer than one computer screen and may use more than
one piece of paper when it is printed out.
WEB BROWSER
A web browser is a client application that requests, receives and displays HTML pages.
However, current browsers do much more than just render HTML pages. Today’s browsers
display animated images, play sound and video, each page for improved performance,
provides secure connections through encryption and much more. Browsers are the “window
to the Web” for Internet users around the world. At a minimum, a web browser must
understand HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language) and display text. The most popular
browsers are: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla FireFox, Opera, Apple
Safari, etc.
 WEB HOSTING
Web hosting is the concept to make your website visible to the world. Web hosting
is a service which allocates space for customers to showcase their websites on
computer servers that are connected to the Internet 24Í7.

WEB SCRIPTING
A scripting language is a scaled down version of a programming language that is used within
another application called a host application. There are two scripting concepts: client side
and server side scripting.

Client side scripting. A client side scripting is executed/interpreted when an event is

triggered. When the code is executed it is interpreted one line at a time. There are a number
of events that will trigger the execution of a client side language. For example, when you are
clicking on a form button, a link on web, it executes a script language to perform the action.
For example; VBScript, JavaScript, etc. are the common scripting languages.
Server side scripting. When the web server loads a asp, aspx, jsp, jspx, php, etc.
pages from the disk into memory, it automatically knows to interpret the code in this document.
Once the code has been interpreted, the resulting HTML page is sent to the browser (client)
making the request. So, without a server side scripting, you cannot access web. For example,
ASP, JSP, PHP, etc. are common server side scripting languages.
 URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, which means it is a uniform (same throughout the world) way to
locate a resource (file or document) on the Internet. A URL is the unique address of a specific website or
file on the Internet. A URL is also called a Web address.
The actual URL is a set of four numbers separated by periods. An example of this would be
164.100.107.32 but as these are difficult for humans to use, addresses are represented in alphanumeric
form that is more descriptive and easy to remember. Thus, the URL of a site 164.100.107.32 can also be
written as http://cbse.nic.in/. The Internet Domain Name System translates the alphanumerical address to
numeric.
A URL normally takes the form:

Protocol://site address/path/filename

For example;

http://www.cbse.nic.in/newsite/index.html

Here, it specifies a Web page that should be fetched using the HTTP protocol. The URL consists of:

· Protocol: http
· Host computer name: www
· Domain name: cbse.nic
· Domain abbreviation: in
· Folder or Path: newsite
· File name: index.html
 Web 2.0

The term web 2.0 is used to refer to a new generation of websites that are
supposed to let people collaborate and share information online. It is the
revolution in the website design and development world and can be thought of
as another kind of communities that are web-based like the forums, communities,
social networking sites and many other hosted services which aim to encourage
the sharing of information and views, creativity and user interactivity between
the users. The main characteristics of web 2.0 are:

·Makes web more interactive through online social media and it supports web-
based forums, communities, social networking sites.
·It is a website design and development world which aim to encourage sharing of
information and views, creativity and user interactivity between the users.
·Interoperability on the internet
·Video sharing possible in the websites
 Online Payment Transaction

An online purchases via the Internet is a fact today and is booming. And one of
the best things that the Web offers today is the ability to take your business
anywhere on the planet through a website. This is why it became essential to
purchase via the Internet through many Payment Service Providers (PSPs),
today this can be done easily and, above all, safely.
A Payment Service Provider (PSP) or payment gateway, is a company that
provides online marketing services, it accepts payments electronically by
managing transactions between sellers and buyers.
The most common payment methods that are usually offered are by credit
card, bank transfer or other forms of electronic payments like online banking,
debit cards, cash cards etc. In addition, PSP offers full guarantees against any
risks, especially with international transactions, and thus gain the confidence of
consumers who use them.
 Payment Gateway

Payment gateway acts as a middleman between the bank and the merchant's
website or mobile application. This is an application software called payment
application or payment apps that stores, processes, or transmits card data
electronically. When a user wishes to make a payment, the merchant's website
sends the encrypted credit card information to the payment gateway. Then the
payment gateway confirms the validity of these details with the bank and the
required amount of money gets transferred from user's account to the merchant's
account. The most common PSPs (payment gateway) or payment app companies
are: InstaMojo, PayU India, Citrus Pay, CCAvenue, EBS Payment, PayPal,
PayZippy, etc.
 Internet Banking

Online banking, also known as internet banking, e-banking or virtual banking.

It is a method of banking in which the customer conducts transactions
electronically via the Internet. In internet banking system, the bank has a
centralized database that is web-enabled. All the services that the bank has
permitted on the internet are displayed in menu. Online banks handle customer
service by phone, email or online chat. Online banking is frequently performed
on mobile devices as Wi-Fi and 4G networks have become widely available. In
India, almost all banks provides online banking supports to its valued customers.
When you do transaction on mobile that is called mobile banking
 Digital Payment

Today the online payment transactions are made through different cashless
modes called electronic payment (e-Payment) or digital payment. It is an
instant and convenient way to make payments. In these payment modes, payer
and payee both use digital modes to send and receive money. There is no hard
cash is involved in the digital payments. All the transactions in digital payments
are completed online like internet banking. Example Paytm, Bhim app etc.