Cloud_Computing_Architecture_Unit_2_Notes

Unit 2: Cloud Computing Architecture
1. Introduction – Internet as a Platform

The concept of 'Internet as a Platform' refers to the use of internet technologies to build and
run applications, services, and businesses online. Over time, the internet has evolved from
merely delivering static content to now supporting dynamic content and interactive
services, commonly referred to as Web 2.0. This evolution has culminated in the
development of cloud computing, where the internet serves as a platform for a variety of
services and applications.
Key Features:
- **Global Reach**: Services and applications can be accessed from anywhere in the world.
- **Scalability**: The ability to scale services up or down depending on demand.
- **Flexibility**: Offers a variety of services, from infrastructure to software, as a service.
- **Cost Efficiency**: Reduces the need for local infrastructure, leading to cost savings.
2. The Cloud Reference Model

The Cloud Reference Model is a framework that describes the various components and
layers of cloud computing. It provides a structured approach to understanding cloud
architecture and the different service models.
Layers of the Cloud Reference Model:
- **Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)**: Provides virtualized computing resources over the

internet, such as virtual machines, storage, and networks.
- **Platform as a Service (PaaS)**: Offers hardware and software tools over the internet,
allowing developers to build, deploy, and manage applications without dealing with
underlying infrastructure.
- **Software as a Service (SaaS)**: Delivers software applications over the internet, often on
a subscription basis, eliminating the need for installation and maintenance on local devices.
3. Types of Clouds
There are four main types of clouds, each with distinct characteristics:
Public Cloud
Public Cloud services are offered over the public internet by third-party providers and are
accessible to anyone willing to pay. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS),
Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
Advantages: Cost-effective, scalable, and easy to deploy.

Disadvantages: Less control over data and security, potential privacy issues.
Private Cloud
Private Cloud infrastructure is operated solely for a single organization. It can be managed
internally or by a third-party.
Advantages: Enhanced security and control, compliance with regulations.
Disadvantages: Higher costs, limited scalability compared to public clouds.
Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Cloud combines public and private cloud environments, allowing data and
applications to be shared between them.
Advantages: Flexibility, optimized resource usage, balanced cost-efficiency.
Disadvantages: Complex management, potential security challenges.
Community Cloud
Community Cloud is shared by several organizations with common concerns (e.g., mission,
security requirements).
Advantages: Cost-sharing, collaboration.
Disadvantages: Shared resources may lead to potential conflicts.
4. Economics of the Cloud

The economics of cloud computing involve understanding the cost structure and financial
implications of moving to the cloud.
Cost Structure
- **Capital Expenses (CapEx)**: Traditional IT investments in physical hardware, software
licenses, and data centers.
- **Operational Expenses (OpEx)**: Costs associated with cloud services, typically pay-as-
you-go, leading to reduced initial investment.
- **Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)**: In cloud computing, TCO is often lower due to the
elimination of upfront capital expenditures and reduced ongoing maintenance costs.
Cost Drivers
- **Infrastructure Costs**: Savings from shared infrastructure in public clouds vs. dedicated
infrastructure in private clouds.
- **Operational Efficiency**: Cloud platforms often automate tasks, reducing the need for
large IT teams.
- **Scalability**: Pay only for the resources you use; scale up or down based on demand.
- **Energy Efficiency**: Cloud providers often operate at larger scales, optimizing energy
consumption.
5. Computing Platforms and Technologies

Cloud computing is built on various platforms and technologies that enable its operation
and scalability.
Virtualization
Virtualization is the foundation of cloud computing, allowing multiple virtual instances to
run on a single physical machine.
Key Benefits: Resource optimization, isolation, flexibility.
Containers
Containers are lightweight, portable units that encapsulate an application and its
dependencies. Key tools include Docker and Kubernetes.
Advantages: Faster deployment, consistent environments across development and

production.
Serverless Computing
Serverless computing allows developers to build and run applications without managing
infrastructure. The key concept is 'Functions as a Service' (FaaS), where functions are
executed in response to events.
Advantages: Simplified deployment, cost-effective for certain use cases.
6. Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure consists of the hardware and software components required to
support cloud computing.
Key Components
- **Data Centers**: Physical facilities housing the servers and storage used in cloud
computing.
- **Networking**: High-speed connections enabling data transfer within and between cloud
environments.
- **Security**: Measures implemented to protect data and applications in the cloud,
including encryption, firewalls, and identity management.
7. Economics of Private Clouds

Private clouds involve specific economic considerations that differ from those of public
clouds.
Cost Considerations
- **Initial Investment**: High CapEx for building and maintaining a private cloud.
- **Operational Costs**: Ongoing expenses for managing and upgrading the cloud
infrastructure.
- **Security and Compliance**: Costs associated with meeting specific regulatory
requirements.
Efficiency Gains
- **Resource Optimization**: Private clouds can be tailored to the specific needs of the
organization, leading to more efficient use of resources.
- **Control Over Data**: Enhanced security and compliance can reduce risks, potentially
leading to cost savings in the long run.
8. Software Productivity in the Cloud

Software productivity in the cloud is enhanced by various factors, including collaboration
tools and automation.
Increased Collaboration
Cloud platforms often provide tools for real-time collaboration, enabling teams to work
together more effectively. Examples include Google Workspace and Microsoft 365.
Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD)

Cloud platforms facilitate automation of software development processes, leading to faster
release cycles and improved product quality.
Access to Advanced Tools

Cloud environments offer access to a wide range of development and analytics tools, often
with minimal setup required.
9. Economies of Scale: Public vs. Private Clouds

The economies of scale in cloud computing refer to the cost advantages that arise from
increased operational efficiency as the scale of operations grows.
Public Cloud Economies of Scale

- **Cost Efficiency**: Shared resources across multiple clients reduce per-unit costs.
- **Resource Utilization**: Large-scale operations allow for better resource utilization and
efficiency.
- **Innovation**: Public cloud providers often have the scale to invest in advanced
technologies and infrastructure, benefiting all customers.
Private Cloud Economies of Scale
- **Customization**: Tailored infrastructure can lead to better performance for specific
workloads.
- **Security and Compliance**: Organizations can optimize their private clouds to meet
specific regulatory and security needs, potentially reducing risks and associated costs.
Comparison
- **Public Clouds**: Better suited for general-purpose workloads, offering flexibility and
lower costs for most use cases.
- **Private Clouds**: Ideal for organizations with specific needs around security,
compliance, or performance, despite higher costs.

Cloud_Computing_Architecture_Unit_2_Notes

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Cloud_Computing_Architecture_Unit_2_Notes

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Unit 2: Cloud Computing Architecture

1. Introduction – Internet as a Platform

2. The Cloud Reference Model

Layers of the Cloud Reference Model:

- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over the

Advantages: Cost-effective, scalable, and easy to deploy.

Advantages: Enhanced security and control, compliance with regulations.

Disadvantages: Higher costs, limited scalability compared to public clouds.

Advantages: Flexibility, optimized resource usage, balanced cost-efficiency.

Disadvantages: Complex management, potential security challenges.

Advantages: Cost-sharing, collaboration.

Disadvantages: Shared resources may lead to potential conflicts.

4. Economics of the Cloud

5. Computing Platforms and Technologies

Key Benefits: Resource optimization, isolation, flexibility.

Advantages: Faster deployment, consistent environments across development and

Advantages: Simplified deployment, cost-effective for certain use cases.

7. Economics of Private Clouds

8. Software Productivity in the Cloud

Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD)

Access to Advanced Tools

9. Economies of Scale: Public vs. Private Clouds

Public Cloud Economies of Scale

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