Internet of Things

Introduction to Arduino
Arduino UNO Board & IDE

Thanks to Dr. Manas Khatua

 What is Arduino?
• Arduino is an open-source electronics platform
– based on easy-to-use hardware and software.

• It was born at Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, Italy

– an easy tool for fast prototyping
– aimed at students without any background in electronics and programming.

• These boards are incorporated with microcontrollers

– To execute a small program, to receive input, to apply action on real world

• It has the capability to act as an interface for electrical and electronic systems

• These boards are used extensively because:

– Inexpensive
– Cross-platform – runs on Windows, Mac OS, and Linux OS.
– Easy-to-use hardware and software environment
– Open source hardware and software IDE
– Capable to interact with other boards and computers
– Can interact with sensors and actuators
– Facilitate serial communication

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 Types of Arduino Boards
• Entry Level - easy to use and ready to power your first
creative projects.
– Arduino UNO
– Arduino Nano
– Arduino Micro
Arduino UNO
• Enhanced Features - boards with advanced
functionalities, or faster performances
– Arduino Zero
– Arduino Mega 2560
– Arduino Motor Shield

Arduino Mega 2560

• Internet of Things - Make connected devices easily with
one of these IoT products
– Arduino Nano 33 IoT
– Arduino Nano 22 BLE
– UNO WiFi REV2

Source: https://www.arduino.cc/ Arduino Nano 33 IoT

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 Arduino UNO
• Arduino UNO is a Single board Microcontroller based on ATmega328P Processor
– a product of Atmel (now Microchip)
– 32 - represents it’s flash memory capacity that is 32KB
– 8 - represents it’s CPU type that is of 8 bit
– p - simply denotes picoPower (i.e. very low power).

Few competitors: STM32 ARM Cortex ,

MSP430, and PIC MCU

AVR CPU at up to 16 MHz,

32KB Flash, 2KB SRAM, 1KB EEPROM
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 Pins/Jacks in Arduino UNO R3
• It has the following major pins/jacks:

 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),

 6 analog inputs,
 6 pins related to energy/power
 a reset pin
 an analog reference pin
 a reset button
 a USB connection,
 a power jack,
 a 16 MHz ceramic resonator,
 two ICSP header
 Atmel ATmega328 IC pins

Source: https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3
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Detailed Pin Diagram

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Pin Description
Pin category Pin Name Details
Power Pins Vin, 3.3V, 5V, Vin : Input voltage to Arduino when using an external power
GND, source.
RESET
5V : Regulated power supply used to power microcontroller
and other components on the board.

3.3V : 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage regulator.

Maximum current draw is 50mA.

GND : ground pins.

Reset: Reset the microcontroller

ICSP: In-Circuit ICSP pins: Used to code and boot an Arduino from an external source.
Serial MISO, VCC, Allow inter workings of two or more Arduino boards.
Programming SCK, MOSI, Allow you to upload your firmware.
RESET, GND

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 Cont…
Pin category Pin No / name Details
Analog pin A0 - A5 Used to provide analog input in the range 0-5V.

Digital Input/output pin Digital Pins 2 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.
Serial Communication 0(Rx),1(Tx) Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.

External Interrupts 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.

PWM: Pulse Width 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.
Modulation
SPI: Serial Peripheral 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 Used for SPI communication.
Interface (MISO) and 13 (SCK)
Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.

I2C: Inter-IC, or A4 (SDA: Serial Data), Used for TWI / I2C communication.
TWI: Two Wire Interface A5 (SCL: Serial Clock)
AREF AREF : Analog Reference To provide reference voltage from an external
Voltage power supply for analog-to-digital conversion of
inputs to the analog pins.
E.g. if AREF is 4V – the analogRead() range of
0~1023 will relate to 0~4V and not 0~5V.
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 Arduino in IoT
• Arduinos are used to create IoT projects.

• But, it requires either a specialized Arduino or

shields to provide network capabilities

• The network interface could be Ethernet / WiFi /

Cellular
EtherTen

Arduino + Ethernet Shield Arduino UNO WiFi Rev2

Arduino Ethernet Shield

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 Configure Arduino IDE
• Download and Install Arduino IDE https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

• The Arduino Software (IDE) allows you to write programs and upload them to your board.

• When the Arduino IDE first opens, this is what you should see:

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Built-in Examples

• Launch the Arduino application

• Programs written using Arduino IDE

are called sketches.

• There are many built-in examples /

sketches.

• To open built-in examples: select File

-> examples.

• These simple programs demonstrate

all the basic Arduino commands.

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Set Arduino Board

• Plug in your board through cable

• Select the type of Arduino board

you're using:
 Tools -> Board -> (your board type)
 e.g. Arduino UNO

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Set Serial Port

• Select the serial/COM port that

your Arduino is attached to:
 Tools > Port > COMxx

Note: If you're not sure in which

serial port your Arduino is
connected, take a look at the
available ports, then unplug your
Arduino and look again. The one
that disappeared is your Arduino.

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Code Compilation

• Compilation
successful
message at the
bottom left
corner.

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Code Uploading

• With your Arduino board

connected, and the Blink sketch
open, press the 'Upload' button

• After a second, you should see

some LEDs flashing on your
Arduino, followed by the message
'Done Uploading' in the status bar
of the Blink sketch.

• If everything worked, the on-board

LED on your Arduino should now be
blinking!

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 Serial Monitor
• The serial monitor is the 'tether' between the computer and your Arduino - it lets you
send and receive text messages.
• First select the port (go to Tools -> Port: ) to which the board is connected then click
the icon of Serial Monitor on the top right side of the Arduino IDE

Serial Monitor
output

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Serial Plotter
• Can use Serial Plotter to
plot the output signal

• See the below image for

example

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How to Install Sensor Libraries
• Let we will use DHT11 sensor for which we need DHT.h header file
• So, this header file needs to be installed first.

• Install Using the Library Manager

– click to Sketch menu -> Include Library -> Manage Libraries
– Search for “DHT” on the Search box and install the DHT library from Adafruit.

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 Cont…
• After installing the DHT library from Adafruit, install “Adafruit Unified Sensor” libraries.

• There exist other methods for installing libraries

– Importing a .zip Library
• Sketch --> Include Library --> Add .Zip Library

– Manual Installation of Library

• Download the library as .Zip --> extract it
• Place the files in File --> Preferences --> Sketchbook location
• Restart Arduino IDE

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Demo: LED Blink

• See the Demo using Arduino UNO circuit board

1) Blink the in-built LED of Arduino Board

2) Blink the additionally attached LEDs

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 Blink In-built LED Continuously
• First upload the bare
minimum example:
 Files -> Examples -> Basics ->
BareMinimum

• Output:
 In-built LED will glow
continuously

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 Blink In-built LED Periodically
• First upload the bare
minimum example:
 Files -> Examples -> Basics ->
BareMinimum

• Output:
 In-built LED will glow
continuously

• Then, upload the blink

example:
 Files -> Examples -> Basics ->
Blink

• Output:
 In-built LED will glow
periodically

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 Blink External LED

Connect the “digital out” pin 9 with the “Anode pin”

of LED (i.e. long leg of LED) through 1K Ohm resistor,
and “ground” pin with the Cathode pin of LED Upload this sketch in
Arduino UNO
OUTPUT:
 LED connected with digital pin 9 will blink periodically.

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Demo on LED Blink

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Lessons Learned
 What is Arduino

 Types of Arduino Board

 Arduino UNO pin diagram

 Arduino in IoT

 Arduino IDE

 Built-in Sketch in IDE

 Compiling and Uploading a sketch using IDE

 LED blink program and system setup

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 Which is better? ATmega328P vs STM32 vs MSP430

ATmega328P STM32 MSP430

Brand ATmel (now Cortex Texas Instruments
MicroChip) (STMicroelectronics)
Cost Low High Low
Architecture Advanced RISC Power Architecture Older, von-Neumann
architecture technology designed for architecture
embedded applications
Power Consumption Low Medium Low
Performance Medium, suitable High, fast processing Low, more suitable
for complex speed, Running 32 bit for only simple
projects ARM processor core projects
with sufficient RAM
Ease of Usage Easy to use, 8 bit Complicated due to its Complex relative to
and high nature of being a 32 bit Arduino boards
compatibility microcontroller
with Arduino
boards
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