SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 3

Psychology (037)
Class XII (2024-25)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
2. Question Nos. 1-14 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer
them as directed.
3. Question Nos. 15-19 in Section B are very short answer type-I questions carrying 2
marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
4. Question Nos. 20-23 in Section C are short answer type-II questions carrying 3
marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Question Nos. 24 - 27 in Section D are long answer type-I questions carrying 4
marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Question Nos. 28-29 in Section E are long answer type-II questions carrying 6
marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
7. Question Nos. 30–33 in Section F are based on two cases given. The answer to
each onemark question should not exceed 20 words. The answer to each two-mark
question should not exceed 30 words.
Section A
1. Multiple Personality disorder is also known as ______. [1]

a) Derealisation disorder b) Somatic symptom disorder

c) Disssociative identity disorder d) Depersonalisation disorder

2. Frankl exercised the role of spiritual anxieties in leading to meaninglessness and [1]
hence may be called an _________.

a) Existential anxiety b) Free association

c) Core schemas d) Insight

3. By what age children seem to have formed self-esteem? [1]

a) 9 to 10 b) 7 to 8
 c) 6 to 7 d) 8 to 9

4. A real or perceived threat or challenge that causes the body to produce a response is [1]
a(n) ________.

a) frustration b) injury

c) stressor d) phobia

5. ________ are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals [1]
to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.

a) Social support b) Positive attitude

c) Life skills d) Positive thinking

6. Assertion (A): Selye's model has been criticised for assigning a very limited role to [1]
psychological factors.
Reason (R): He observed patients with various injuries and illnesses in hospitals.

a) Both A and R are true and R is b) Both A and R are true but R is
the correct explanation of A. not the correct explanation of
A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

7. What type of stress is Frustration? [1]

a) Psychological stress b) Social stress.

c) Environmental stress. d) Physical stress

8. What is the term used when people develop a fear of entering unfamiliar situations? [1]

a) Panic disorder b) Anxiety

c) Social Anxiety Disorder d) Agoraphobia

9. The inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic is called _________. [1]

a) Impulsive behavior b) Obsessive behavior

c) Compulsive behavior d) Hyperactive behavior

10. Cognitive therapy for the treatment of depression is given by: [1]

a) Sigmund Freud b) Albert toss

c) Aaron beck d) Albert Ellis

11. The emotional component of attitude is also called______________ component. [1]

a) Affective b) Psycho-motor

c) Cognitive d) empirical

12. What is the phenomenon by which the majority group places the blame on a [1]
minority outgroup for its own social economic and political problems?

a) Ingroup bias b) Kernel of truth

c) Self fulfilling prophecy d) Scapegoating

13. Assertion (A): The trait approach focuses on the specific psychological attributes [1]
along which individuals tend to differ in consistent and stable ways.
Reason (R): Personality typologies are usually very appealing but are too
simplistic.

a) Both A and R are true and R is b) Both A and R are true but R is
the correct explanation of A. not the correct explanation of
A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. After a long discussion, the initial position of the group became much stronger, [1]
thus, demonstrating the effect of

a) Groupthink b) Group cohesiveness

c) Group conformity d) Group polarisation

Section B
15. What is the bandwagon effect? [2]

16. What do you mean by psychological assessment? [2]

OR
 Differentiate between aptitude and interest.

17. How Oedipus and Electra complex are different? [2]

18. What are cognitive behavioural techniques in the management of stress? [2]

19. Do you think extreme cohesiveness of a group is always in a group's interest? State [2]
your answer with a valid reason.

Section C
20. Explain the various techniques of self-control. [3]

21. Explain disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders. [3]

22. What is self-esteem? [3]

OR
What is self? How does the Indian notion of self differ from the Western notion?

23. How can you reduce social loafing in groups? Think of any two incidents of social [3]
loafing in school. How did you overcome it?

Section D
24. What is self-actualisation? [4]

OR
Describe the process of rehabilitation of the mentally ill in detail.

25. Discuss uses and abuses of intelligence test. [4]

26. Quite often we see people getting themselves photographed while helping others or [4]
even when they are offering donations to the needy. Can we identify the attitudes of
these people through their behaviour? When would there be consistency between
attitude and behaviour? Explain.

27. Abira integrates different experiences in an original way to suggest novel solutions. [4]
According to Sternberg, she is high on which type of intelligence?

Section E
28. Anand wants to become a musician even though he belongs to a family of doctors. [6]
He wishes to fulfill his potential. Using Carl Rogers' terminology, describe this
perspective as revealed by Anand's personality.
 OR
Discuss the main observational methods used in personality assessment. What problems
do we face in using these methods?

29. What abnormal behaviour? Give examples. How does it differ from psychological [6]
disorders?

OR
What are the consequences of alcohol substance addiction?

Section F
Question No. 30 to 31 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer [3]
the questions:
Stress is subjective - not measurable with tests. Only the person experiencing it can
determine whether is it present and how severe it feels. A healthcare provider may use
questionnaires to understand your stress and how it affects your life. If you have chronic
stress, your healthcare provider can evaluate symptoms that result from stress. For
example, high blood pressure can be diagnosed and treated. When we’re stressed, the
immune system’s ability to fight off antigens is reduced. That is why we are more
susceptible to infections. The stress hormone cortisol can suppress the effectiveness of the
immune system (e.g. lowers the number of lymphocytes). Stress can also have an indirect
effect on the immune system as a person may use unhealthy behavioral coping strategies
to reduce their stress, such as drinking and smoking. Stress is linked to headaches;
infectious illness (e.g. ‘flu); cardiovascular disease; diabetes, asthma, and gastric ulcers.
Coping is a dynamic situation-specific reaction to stress. Endler and Parker gave some
major coping strategies. The way we cope with stress often depends on rigid deep-seated
beliefs, based on experience.

30. What is Biofeedback? (1)

31. What is Hypothalamus? What does it do? (2)
Question No. 32 to 33 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer [3]
the questions:
The relative importance of general and specific abilities has implications for educational
practices. For example, are there specific learning disabilities amendable to remediation
and do certain instructional approaches benefit some students more than others?
 The following picture describes the areas of General Ability and Specific Abilities.

32. What is the difference between General Ability and specific Ability? (1)
33. What is the G-factor? What does it include? (2)
 Solution
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 3
Psychology (037)
Class XII (2024-25)
Section A
1.
(c) Disssociative identity disorder
Explanation:
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) also known as multiple personality disorder
(MPD), is a mental disorder characterized by the maintenance of at least two distinct and
relatively enduring personality states.
2. (a) Existential anxiety
Explanation:
Existential crisis, or existential anxiety, the concept is the same: the idea is that life is
inherently pointless. That our existence has no meaning because there are limits or
boundaries on it, namely, that we all must die someday.
3.
(c) 6 to 7
Explanation:
By the age of 6 to 7 children form self esteem at least in 4 areas academic competence,
social competence, physical competence and physical appearance.
4.
(c) stressor
Explanation:
Stressors are events that cause our body to give a stress response. Such events include
noise, crowding, a bad relationship, or the daily commuting to school or office. The
reaction to external stressors is called ‘strain'.
5.
(c) Life skills
Explanation:
Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal
effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.
6.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Selye's model has been criticised for assigning a very limited role to psychological factors.
Researchers have reported that the psychological appraisal of events is important for the
determination of stress.
 7. (a) Psychological stress
Explanation:
Psychological stresses that are generated in our mind are very personal and unique to the
person experiencing them and hence frustration falls under the category. It results from the
blocking of needs and motives by someone or something that hinders us from achieving
that desired goal.
8.
(d) Agoraphobia
Explanation:
Agoraphobia is a condition where sufferers become anxious in unfamiliar environments
or where they perceive that they have little control. Triggers for this anxiety may include
wide-open spaces, crowds (social anxiety), or traveling (even short distances).
9.
(b) Obsessive behavior
Explanation:
Thoughts, urges or behaviours that persist despite negatively affecting health, job or
relationships falls under obsessive behavior. These thoughts often make the person feel
unpleasant and shameful.
10.
(c) Aaron beck
Explanation:
Aaronoeck
11. (a) Affective
Explanation:
Affective
12.
(d) Scapegoating
Explanation:
Scapegoating is a group based way of expressing frustration and often results in negative
attitudes or prejudice against the weaker group.
13.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The trait approach focuses on the specific psychological attributes along which individuals
tend to differ in consistent and stable ways. It represents the traits along which individuals
can be rated in terms of the degree of presence or absence of the concerned behavioral
quality or a trait.
14.
(d) Group polarisation
Explanation:
Group polarisation
Section B
15. The bandwagon effect is a psychological phenomenon in which people do something
primarily because other people are doing it, regardless of their own beliefs, which they
may ignore or override. When people find that others are favouring their viewpoint, they
feel that their view is validated by the public also. They do so under the bandwagon effect.
This tendency of people to align their beliefs and behaviors with those of a group is also
called a herd mentality.
16. Psychological Assessment uses systematic testing procedures to evaluate the abilities,
behaviours and personal qualities of individuals. Our assessment may be formal or
informal.
Formal assessment is objective, standardized and organized. Informal assessment varies
from case to case and from one assessment to another and therefore is open to subjective
interpretations.
OR
In psychology, interest and aptitude are two distinct concepts related to individual
preferences and abilities. Here's the difference between interest and aptitude:
Aptitude: This refers to an individual's inherent or natural ability, talent, or potential
to acquire or perform certain skills or tasks. It represents the capacity to learn or excel
in specific areas. It can be cognitive, physical, artistic or related to other domains.
Aptitudes are relatively stable and can be assessed through various psychometric tests
or evaluations.
Interest: This refers to a person's liking or attraction towards a particular subject,
activity, or domain. It reflects an individual's curiosity, enthusiasm, and enjoyment in
engaging with a specific topic or area. Interests can change over time and can vary
among individuals. They are subjective and driven by personal motivations and
inclinations.
17. In the phallic stage, Freud speculated that at this time the child fraternizes sexual
relations with parents of the opposite sex which Freud termed as the Oedipus complex
for boys and Electra complex for girls.
A male child experiencing the Oedipus complex tends to get sexually attracted toward
his mother and his hostility toward his father. They come to know this is unlikely, boys
give up their sexual feelings for their mother and start to see their fathers as role models.
A female child experiencing Electra complex tries to act as his mother in order to get that
 love from his father. They have a feeling of hostility toward their mother. Later on, girls
when realising that this is highly unlikely then they give up their sexual desire and start
seeing their mother as a role model.
18. Cognitive-behavioural techniques for stress management focus on changing negative
thought patterns and behaviours. This involves identifying and challenging stress-inducing
thoughts, developing coping mechanisms, and practicing relaxation techniques like deep
breathing and meditation.
19. No, extreme cohesiveness of a group is not always in the group's interest. While
cohesiveness can promote unity and collaboration, it may also lead to groupthink, where
critical thinking and diverse perspectives are suppressed, potentially hindering effective
decision-making and innovation.
Section C
20. There are several techniques of self-control that can help individuals manage their
impulses and regulate their behavior. Some common techniques include setting specific
goals, practicing mindfulness and meditation, developing self-awareness, using positive
self-talk and affirmations, employing distraction techniques, utilizing time management
strategies, seeking social support, and implementing behavior modification techniques
such as reward systems and self-monitoring. These techniques can enhance self-control
and promote healthier decision-making and behavior.
21. A. Oppositional Defiant disorder: Displays age-inappropriate amounts of stubbornness, is
irritable, defiant, disobedient, and behaves in a hostile manner.
B. Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The two main features of ADHD are
inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattentive children find it difficult to sustain
mental effort during work or play. Children with ADHD are in constant motion. Sitting
still through a lesson is impossible for them.
C. Conduct disorder and antisocial behaviour: Refer to age-inappropriate actions and
attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms, and the personal or property
rights of others. Typical behaviour includes aggressive actions that cause or threaten harm
to people or animals, non-aggressive conduct that causes property damage, major
deceitfulness or theft and serious rule violations.
22. i. Self-esteem is a cognitive component of self.
ii. The value judgment of a person about herself/himself is called self-esteem.
iii. It can be high or low. To assess it, we present a variety of statements to a person and ask
him to indicate the extent to which they are true for him. e.g., we may ask a child to
what extent the statement “I am good at homework” or “I am highly liked by my peers”
is true. If he responds as them to be true, he will have high self-esteem than someone
who says “no”.
 OR
Self is an organized cognitive structure. It can be understood in terms of subject and object
or I and Me. It refers to the totality of one’s conscious thoughts, and feelings which pertain
to one’s own self.
Indian Concept of Self
i. Self is characterized by the shifting nature of the boundaries.
ii. The Indian view does not make rigid dichotomies.
iii. It is based on collectivistic Indian society.
Western Concept of Self
i. The boundaries between self and the group are rigid.
ii. It holds clear dichotomies between self and group.
iii. It is based on individualistic society of the West.
23. Social loafing is a negative group influence. Which occurs due to defusion of
responsibility. For the quality performance of the group, it should be reduced. It can be
reduced through the following methods:
i. By making the efforts of each person identifiable.
ii. increasing the pressure to work hard (making group-members committed to
successful tasks performance).
iii. increasing the apparent importance or value of a task.
iv. making people feel that their individual contribution is important.
v. strengthening group cohesiveness which increases the motivation for successful group
outcome.
Section D
24. i. Self-actualisation is defined as an innate or inborn force that moves the person to
become more complex, balanced and integrated, i.e., achieving the complexity and
balance without being fragmented.
ii. ‘Integrated’ means a sense of the whole, being a complete person, being the same
person in spite of the variety of experiences that one is subjected to.
iii. In short ‘self-actualization’ refers to an individual’s innate tendency to make the best
use of his potential, for one’s own growth and well-being.
iv. The concept of self-actualization was given by Abraham Maslow.
OR
Reducing symptoms and raising functioning or quality of life are the two main goals of
treating psychological disorders. In the case of milder diseases like reactive depression,
phobia, or generalized anxiety, a decrease in symptoms is associated with an improvement
in quality of life. However, a patient's symptoms may lessen without necessarily
improving in severe mental disorders like schizophrenia. Negative symptoms in these
 individuals include apathy or a lack of drive, as well as a decline in their cognitive, social,
and occupational abilities. They need rehabilitation so badly.
Rehabilitation entails the following steps:
i. Occupational Therapy: Patients are taught techniques such as weaving, making paper
bags, and making candles to help them develop work discipline.
ii. Social Skill Training: Patients' interpersonal skills are developed through role-playing,
imitation, and instruction.
iii. Cognitive Retraining: It helps patients improve their basic cognitive abilities, such as
executive memory and attention functions.
iv. Vocational Training: Following the patient's ability to support themselves, vocational
training is provided to assist the patient in developing the skills required to find gainful
employment.
25. Intelligence tests serve many useful purposes if used by trained professionals.
Uses of Intelligence Test: Intelligence test assists in selection, counselling, guidance, self-
analysis and diagnosis.
Abuses of Intelligence Test: Intelligence test causes ill effects/misuses/abuses if used by
naive testers.
i. Poor performance on a test is a stigma to children which affects adversely the
performance.
ii. Test results may lead to discriminating practices from parents, teachers and elders.
iii. Most of the intelligence tests favour the middle class and higher class populations
because of cultural bias.
iv. Most intelligence tests ignore creativity and practical aspects of life.
26. People getting themselves photographed while helping others have the attitude of getting
recognition or attention. It is possible to establish logical cause-and-effect relationships
that explain social behaviour through systematic and objective observations and the use of
scientific methods. People, often in need of social recognition, take photos while assisting
others. Their attitude can be identified through their behaviour. We usually expect
behaviour to follow logically from attitudes. However, an individual's attitudes may not
always be exhibited through behaviour. Consistency between attitudes and behaviour
exists when:
i. The attitude is strong and occupies a central place in the attitude system.
ii. The person is aware of her/his attitude.
iii. There is very little or no external pressure for the person to behave in a particular way.
For example, when there is no group pressure to follow a particular norm.
iv. The person's behaviour is not being watched or evaluated by others.
 v. The person thinks that the behaviour would have a positive consequence, and therefore,
intends to engage in that behaviour.
27. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Abira would be
considered high in creative intelligence. Creative intelligence refers to the ability to
generate unique and innovative ideas by combining different experiences or elements in
original ways. Individuals with high creative intelligence are adept at thinking outside the
box, seeing connections between seemingly unrelated concepts, and proposing novel
solutions to problems. They possess the cognitive flexibility and openness to new
experiences that allow them to approach challenges from fresh perspectives. Abira's ability
to integrate different experiences in an original way suggests her proficiency in creative
intelligence.
Section E
28. Anand's desire to become a musician and fulfill his potential, despite belonging to a family
of doctors, can be understood through Carl Rogers' perspective of self-actualization and
congruence.
Self-actualization refers to the inherent drive in individuals to reach their full potential and
become the best version of themselves. Anand's pursuit of music indicates his recognition
of his true passions and talents, and his determination to follow a path that aligns with his
authentic self. He is seeking personal growth and self-fulfillment by choosing a career that
resonates with his innermost desires.
Congruence, another concept from Rogers' theory, refers to the alignment between one's
self-concept and actual experience. Anand's decision to pursue music, despite societal and
familial expectations, demonstrates his congruence between his self-concept as a musician
and his actions in choosing that path. He is being true to himself and rejecting any
incongruence between his identity and external pressures.
Furthermore, Anand's choice reflects his need for positive regard and acceptance from
others. According to Rogers, individuals have a fundamental need for unconditional
positive regard, which involves being valued and accepted for who they truly are. Anand's
pursuit of his musical aspirations may require understanding and support from his family
and friends to validate his chosen path and provide the necessary encouragement.
In summary, Anand's desire to become a musician and fulfill his potential demonstrates his
pursuit of self-actualization, congruence between his self-concept and actions, and the
need for positive regard. He exemplifies Rogers' belief in individuals striving to live
authentically and reach their highest potential.
OR
Observational method is a very powerful tool of psychological enquiry. It is an effective
method of describing behaviour. A scientific observation differs from day-to-day
 observation in many respects.
i. Selection: Psychologists do not observe all the behaviour that they encounter. Rather,
they select a particular behaviour for observation.
ii. Recording: While observing, a researcher records the selected behaviour using
different means, such as marking tallies for the already identified behaviour whenever
they occur, taking notes describing each activity in greater detail using short hand or
symbols, photographs, video recording, etc.
Observation can be of the following types :
i. Non-participant observation
a. To observe the person or event from a distance.
b. The observer may become part of the group being observed.
c. In the first case, the person being observed may not be aware that he/she is being
observed. For example, you want to observe the pattern of interaction between
teachers and students in a particular class.
ii. Participant observation
a. In participant observation, the observer becomes a part of the school or the group of
people being observed.
b. the observer takes some time to establish a rapport with the group so that they start
accepting him/her as one of the group members.
c. the degree of involvement of the observer with the group being observed would vary
depending upon the focus of the study.
29. Abnormal behavior is any behavior that deviates from what is considered normal.
Abnormal behaviour, thoughts and emotions are those that differ markedly from a
society's ideas of proper functioning. Each society has norms, which are stated or unstated
rules for proper conduct. Behaviours, thoughts and emotions that break societal norms are
called abnormal.
There are four general criteria that psychologists use to identify abnormal behavior:
violation of social norms, statistical rarity, personal distress, and maladaptive behavior.
Abnormal behavior is not necessarily indicative of a psychological disorder. However,
abnormal behavior can be an indicator of a possible mental or psychological disorder. The
primary difference between a behavior disorder and another type of psychiatric disorder is
the presence of choice. Psychiatric conditions are considered to be involuntary while in
behavior disorders, choices are essential.
Mental health is about how your psychological state affects your well-being, while
behavioral health is about how actions affect your well-being.
OR
 Disorders relating to maladaptive behaviours resulting from regular and consistent use of
the substance involved are called substance abuse disorders.
These disorders include problems associated with using and abusing such drugs as
alcohol, cocaine and which alter the way people think, feel and behave.
There are two sub-groups of substance-use disorders:
i. Substance Dependence refers to intense craving for the substance to which the
person is addicted.
The person shows tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and compulsive drug taking.
Tolerance means that the person has to use more and more of a substance to get the
same effect.
ii. Substance Abuse refers to recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the
use of substances.
People, who regularly consume drugs, damage their family and social relationships,
perform poorly at work, and create physical hazards.
The three most common forms of substance abuse:
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence:
i. People, who abuse alcohol, drink large amounts regularly and rely on it to help them
face difficult situations.
ii. Eventually, the drinking interferes with their social behaviour and ability to think and
work.
Heroin Abuse and Dependence:
i. Heroin intake significantly interferes with social and occupational functioning.
ii. Most abusers further develop a dependence on heroin, revolving their lives around the
substance, building up a tolerance for it, and experiencing a withdrawal reaction when
they stop taking it.
Section F
30. Biofeedback is a procedure to monitor and reduce the physiological aspects of stress and is
accompanied by relaxation techniques.
31. The hypothalamus is a structure deep in our brain, that acts as our body's smart control
coordinating center. Its main function is to keep our body in a stable state called
homeostasis.
32. General ability in psychology is the ability to do something in all situations and at all
times. Specific ability is the ability to do something in a specific situation or at a specific
time
33. The g-factor, also known as the general intelligence factor, is a construct in psychometrics
that refers to the idea that a single underlying factor, often referred to as general
intelligence, can account for the positive correlations among cognitive abilities. It includes
mental operations which are primary and common to all performances.