ENG 101: ORAL COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
Lesson 3: Developing your Speech
Public Speaking Diversity 5. Gather potential content
6. Gather more content than actually
Every audience is diverse. The used
question becomes in what way are 7. Organize content
they diverse. What is the unique mix 8. Phrase the speech
of this audience? How do they differ or 9. Prepare visual aids
overlap in terms of age, race, religion, 10. Practice, practice, practice
gender, sexual orientation,
socioeconomic status, and so on? Your What is freedom of Speech?
demographic analysis might give you Article 3 Section 4. No law
a partial answer to some of these shall be passed abridging the freedom
questions, but it won’t—and can’t— of speech, of expression, or of the
explain how the audience members press, or the right of the people
relate to any given categories of peaceably to assemble and petition
demographics or identity. The most the government for redress of
important rule is never grievances.
assume. Don’t assume you know
something about any given member of NOTE: Freedom of speech is the right
your audience—or the audience as a of a person to articulate opinions and
whole—based on their identity, ideas without interference or
demographics, or background. Thus, retaliation from the government. The
attending to the diversity of your term “speech” constitutes expression
audience often means reminding that includes far more than just words,
yourself to put away your assumptions but also what a person wears, reads,
and preconceptions to try to create performs, protests and more.
the most accessible and appropriate
speech for this particular group of Boundaries of Freedom of Speech
people. Speaking Freely – We have
the right to speak freely, but we
Your Audience is diverse in terms need to consider speaking only
of: the truth and being harmless to
1. Age others.
2. Race/Ethnicity Speaking ethically - Being an
3. Socio-economic status/class ethical speaker is easy when
4. Gender and sexuality you follow the five
5. Religion principles: trustworthiness,
6. Politics integrity, respect for others,
7. Language dignity in conduct, and
8. Culture truthfulness in the message. It's
also important to ensure you
Steps in Preparing a Speech cite sources if you take
The following ten steps are information from a website,
suggested as an easy and organized book, film, or any other form of
way to prepare a speech or paper: media.
Speaking credibly - Talk about
1. Know your audience yourself, your interests, and
2. Know the occasion why you're qualified. One of the
3. Select a topic ways to establish credibility in
4. Select a purpose
ENG 101: ORAL COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
your speech is to tell your 6 Ways to Become a Better
audience why they should trust Listener
you to teach or inform them
about a particular topic. Be Present. Put yourself in a
Introduce yourself at the learning mindset instead of
beginning and explain why coming to a conversation with
you're an authority on the given the goal of sharing your own
subject. viewpoints.
Put Yourself in the Other
Listening and Critical thinking Person's Shoes.
Check Your Understanding.
Overcome barriers to effective Ask Clarifying Questions.
listening
Summarize.
The best way to eliminate
barriers to effective listening is Add Input (at the Right Time).
through learning and practice. It might
take some time for individuals to Critical listening
recognize when they allow these It is as important to listen
barriers to affect their conversations. critically as it is to read critically.
Once they do, some strategies can be Critical listening is a process for
implemented to improve how you understanding what is said and
listen. evaluating, judging, and forming an
opinion on what you hear. The listener
Although listening can be assesses the strengths and
difficult at times, it is essential for weaknesses of the content, agrees or
communication and relationships. disagrees with the information, and
Practice looking for these barriers analyzes and synthesizes material.
when you have difficulty listening or
trying to understand someone else’s Critical listening strategies
point of view. - Find areas of interest in the
material you're listening to
With this knowledge, you will be - Reserve judgment: recognize your
able to improve your listening skills emotional biases
and become an effective - Work at listening: mentally
communicator. You will be more aware summarize and review what is
of the different barriers that can being said, organize information,
prevent you from understanding and find connections to what you
someone else and will be better already know
equipped to overcome them. - Avoid distractions (internal or
external)
What are the barriers in listening? Listen for and note main ideas; focus
o External Noise on central themes
o Internal Noise
o Lack of Interest Analyzing and evaluating
speeches
o Preconceived notions
Speech analysis examines the
o Different communication style
elements that make up an effective
speech. It involves identifying the
target audience and purpose of the
speech, assessing how the speech
ENG 101: ORAL COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
connects to that audience and
evaluating the purpose of a speaker's
rhetorical choices (the choices of
wording, style, or type of evidence).
Prepared by:
Mr. Josua Jimenez Amante, LPT, MBA
Instructor
