12/3/24, 3:17 PM Learn Python 3: Control Flow Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn Python 3

Control Flow

SyntaxError

A SyntaxError is reported by the Python interpreter age = 7 + 5 = 4

when some portion of the code is incorrect. This can
include misspelled keywords, missing or too many
brackets or parentheses, incorrect operators, missing or File "<stdin>", line 1
too many quotation marks, or other conditions. SyntaxError: can't assign to operator

elif Statement

The Python elif statement allows for continued checks # elif Statement
to be performed after an initial if statement. An elif
statement differs from the else statement because
another expression is provided to be checked, just as with pet_type = "fish"
the initial if statement.
If the expression is True , the indented code following if pet_type == "dog":
the elif is executed. If the expression evaluates to
print("You have a dog.")
False , the code can continue to an optional else
statement. Multiple elif statements can be used elif pet_type == "cat":
following an initial if to perform a series of checks. Once print("You have a cat.")
an elif expression evaluates to True , no further elif elif pet_type == "fish":
statements are executed.
# this is performed
print("You have a fish")
else:
print("Not sure!")

https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3/modules/learn-python3-control-flow/cheatsheet 1/5
12/3/24, 3:17 PM Learn Python 3: Control Flow Cheatsheet | Codecademy

or Operator

The Python or operator combines two Boolean True or True # Evaluates to True
expressions and evaluates to True if at least one of the
True or False # Evaluates to True
expressions returns True . Otherwise, if both expressions
are False , then the entire expression evaluates to
False or False # Evaluates to False
False . 1 < 2 or 3 < 1 # Evaluates to True
3 < 1 or 1 > 6 # Evaluates to False
1 == 1 or 1 < 2 # Evaluates to True

Equal Operator ==

The equal operator, == , is used to compare two values, # Equal operator

variables or expressions to determine if they are the
same.
If the values being compared are the same, the operator if 'Yes' == 'Yes':
returns True , otherwise it returns False . # evaluates to True
The operator takes the data type into account when
print('They are equal')
making the comparison, so a string value of "2" is not
considered the same as a numeric value of 2 .
if (2 > 1) == (5 < 10):
# evaluates to True
print('Both expressions give the same
result')

c = '2'
d = 2

if c == d:
print('They are equal')
else:
print('They are not equal')

https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3/modules/learn-python3-control-flow/cheatsheet 2/5
12/3/24, 3:17 PM Learn Python 3: Control Flow Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Not Equals Operator !=

The Python not equals operator, != , is used to compare # Not Equals Operator
two values, variables or expressions to determine if they
are NOT the same. If they are NOT the same, the operator
returns True . If they are the same, then it returns if "Yes" != "No":
False . # evaluates to True
The operator takes the data type into account when
print("They are NOT equal")
making the comparison so a value of 10 would NOT be
equal to the string value "10" and the operator would
return True . If expressions are used, then they are val1 = 10
evaluated to a value of True or False before the val2 = 20
comparison is made by the operator.

if val1 != val2:
print("They are NOT equal")

if (10 > 1) != (10 > 1000):

# True != False
print("They are NOT equal")

Comparison Operators

In Python, relational operators compare two values or a = 2

expressions. The most common ones are:
b = 3
< less than
> greater than a < b # evaluates to True
<= less than or equal to a > b # evaluates to False
>= greater than or equal too a >= b # evaluates to False
If the relation is sound, then the entire expression will
a <= b # evaluates to True
evaluate to True . If not, the expression evaluates to
False . a <= a # evaluates to True

https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3/modules/learn-python3-control-flow/cheatsheet 3/5
12/3/24, 3:17 PM Learn Python 3: Control Flow Cheatsheet | Codecademy

if Statement

The Python if statement is used to determine the # if Statement

execution of code based on the evaluation of a Boolean
expression.
If the if statement expression evaluates to test_value = 100
True , then the indented code following the
statement is executed.
if test_value > 1:
If the expression evaluates to False then the
indented code following the if statement is
# Expression evaluates to True
skipped and the program executes the next line of print("This code is executed!")
code which is indented at the same level as the
if statement.
if test_value > 1000:
# Expression evaluates to False
print("This code is NOT executed!")

print("Program continues at this point.")

else Statement

The Python else statement provides alternate code to # else Statement

execute if the expression in an if statement evaluates to
False .
The indented code for the if statement is executed if test_value = 50
the expression evaluates to True . The indented code
immediately following the else is executed only if the if test_value < 1:
expression evaluates to False . To mark the end of the
print("Value is < 1")
else block, the code must be unindented to the same
level as the starting if line. else:
print("Value is >= 1")

test_string = "VALID"

if test_string == "NOT_VALID":
print("String equals NOT_VALID")
else:
print("String equals something else!")

https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3/modules/learn-python3-control-flow/cheatsheet 4/5
12/3/24, 3:17 PM Learn Python 3: Control Flow Cheatsheet | Codecademy

and Operator

The Python and operator performs a Boolean True and True # Evaluates to True
comparison between two Boolean values, variables, or
True and False # Evaluates to False
expressions. If both sides of the operator evaluate to
True then the and operator returns True . If either False and False # Evaluates to False
side (or both sides) evaluates to False , then the and 1 == 1 and 1 < 2 # Evaluates to True
operator returns False . A non-Boolean value (or
1 < 2 and 3 < 1 # Evaluates to False
variable that stores a value) will always evaluate to True
"Yes" and 100 # Evaluates to True
when used with the and operator.

Boolean Values

Booleans are a data type in Python, much like integers, is_true = True
floats, and strings. However, booleans only have two
is_false = False
values:
True
False print(type(is_true))
Specifically, these two values are of the bool type. Since
# will output: <class 'bool'>
booleans are a data type, creating a variable that holds a
boolean value is the same as with other data types.

not Operator

The Python Boolean not operator is used in a Boolean not True # Evaluates to False
expression in order to evaluate the expression to its
not False # Evaluates to True
inverse value. If the original expression was True ,
including the not operator would make the expression 1 > 2 # Evaluates to False
False , and vice versa. not 1 > 2 # Evaluates to True
1 == 1 # Evaluates to True
not 1 == 1 # Evaluates to False

Print Share

https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3/modules/learn-python3-control-flow/cheatsheet 5/5