Q1 The diagram below shows a lever in use.

(a) To which class of lever does it belong?

(b) If AB =1 m, AF= 0.4 m, find its mechanical advantage.
(c) Calculate the value of E.

solutions
Q2 The figure shows a wheel barrow of mass 15 kg carrying a load of 30 kgf
with its center of gravity at A. The points B and C are the centre of wheel
and tip of the handle such that the horizontal distance AB = 20 cm and AC =
40 cm.

Find:
(a) the load arm,
(b) the effort arm,
(c) the mechanical advantage, and
(d) the minimum effort required to keep the leg just off the ground.
solutions
Q3 The diagram below shows the use of a lever.

(a) State the principle of moments as applied to the above

(b) To which class of lever does it belong? Give an example of this class of
lever.
(c) If FA = 10cm. AB = 490cm. calculate:
(i) the mechanical advantage, and
(ii) the minimum effort required to lift the load (= 50N).

solutions
Q4 A block and tackle system has 5 pulleys. If an effort of 1000 N is needed
in the downward direction to raise a load of 4500 N. calculate:
(a) The mechanical advantage,
(b) The velocity ratio and,
(c) The efficiency of the system.

solutions
Q5 Figure shows a system of four pulleys. The upper two pulleys are fixed
and the lower two are movable.
(a) Draw a string around the pulleys. Also show the point of application and
direction in which the effort E is applied.
(b) What is the velocity ratio of the system?
(c) How are load and effort of the pulley system related?
(d) What assumption do you make in arriving at your answer in part (c)?
solutions
Q6 A block and tackle system has the velocity ratio 3. Draw a labelled
diagram of the system indicating the points of application and the directions
of load L and effort E. A man can exert a pull of 200 kgf.
(a) What is the maximum load he can raise with this pulley system if its
efficiency is 60%?
(b) If the effort end moves a distance 60 cm. What distance does the load
move?

solutions
 Exe-1 Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Physics Solutions
Ch-3

Page-37,38

Question 1.
(a) What is a machine ?
(b) State three functions of machine.
Answer 1:
(a) Machine : “Is a device which is used to transmit force to change the direction of force or
to obtain speed.”
(b) Functions of machines :

1. To act as force multiplier

2. To shift the point of application to a convenient place.
3. To multiply speed.
4. To change the direction of the force applied for greater ease and comfort.
Question 2.

(a) Name six simple machines.

(b) Give one practical example of each machine named in (a)

Answer 2:
(a) Simple machines are :

1. Lever
2. Pulley
3. Wedge
4. Inclined plane
5. Wheel and axle
6. Screw
(b) Example of :

1. Liver : is handle of common water pump helps in multiplying effort

2. Pulley : gears, used for changing the direction of the effort
3. Wedge : axe, A knife are the examples.
4. Inclined plane : Ramp or staircase or screw jack.
5. Wheel and axle : Free wheel or crank wheel of bicycle.
6. Screw : Screw bolt.
Question 3.
Define the following terms with reference to a machine

(a) Total load

(b) useful load
(c) effort
(d) ideal machine
(e) ideal mechanical advantage
(f) actual mechanical advantage
(g) velocity ratio
(h) efficiency

Answer 3:
(a) Total load : Load lifted by machine + resistance over come.
(b) Useful load : “The load, a machine in able to lift.”
(c) Effort : The effort applied by us on the machine.
(d) Ideal machine : A machine whose parts are weightless and frictionless such that what so
ever is the energy spent on it same is the energy produced by it, is called a perfect
machine.”
(e) Ideal mechanical advantage : “The ratio between total load moved (or resistance
overcome) to the effort applied is called ideal mechanical advantage.”
(f) Actual mechanical advantage : “The ratio between useful load moved to the effort
applied is called actual mechanical advantage”.
(g) Velocity ratio : [V.R.] : “Is the ratio of velocity of effort to velocity of load.”
i. e “Ratio of effort arm to load arm.”
(h) Efficiency : (η) “Efficiency of a machine is the ratio of useful work done by machine to
the work put into the machine by the effort.”

Question 4.
Prove that efficiency of a machine is the ratio between mechanical advantage and velocity
ratio.
Answer 4:
Relation Between M.A., V.R And Efficiency :

Question 5.
Give two reasons, why machine cannot be 100% efficient.
Answer 5:

1. Apart of input is always used in moving the parts of machine.

2. A part of input is wasted in overcoming friction between various parts of
machine.
Question 6.
(a) Define lever. What are its kinds ?
(b) How will you determine the order of a lever ?
Answer 6:
(a) Lever : “Is a straight or bent rigid rod which can turn about a fixed point called fulcrum”
(b) Out of effort (E), Load (L) and Fulcrum (F), the one which is in between the other two
determines the order of lever i.e.
If F is in between L and E, then it is lever of 1 st order
If L is in between F and E. It is of second order lever.
If E is in between L and F, it is Illrd order lever.

Question 7.
To which order do the following levers belong and why ?

(a) A railway signal

(b) A man cutting bread with a knife
(c) A boy writing a piece of paper
(d) A nut cracker
(e) handle of a water pump
(f) see-saw
(g) forceps
(h) A man rowing a boat
(i) A lock and key
(j) Soda water opener
(k) a door
(l) motorcarfoot brake
(m) fishing rod
(n) lemon squeezer.

Answer 7:
(a) A railway signals – Lever of 1st order as F is in between load and effort
(b) Cutting a bread with knife is third order lever as effort is in between load and fulcrum.

(c) A boy writing a piece of paper is Illrd order lever as effort is in between load and
fulcrum.
(d) A nut cracker is II nd order lever as load is in between effort and fulcrum.

(e) Handle of water pump : 1st order lever as fulcrum is in between effort and load

(f) See-saw : Lever of 1st order as fulcrum is in between load and effort

(g) Forceps : Illrd order lever as effort is in between fulcrum and load.

(h) A man rowing a boat : End order of lever as load is in between effort and fulcrum

(i) Bottle Opener : Ilnd order lever as load is in between fulcrum and effort.

(j) Soda – water opener : 2nd order lever as load is in between fulcrum and effort.
(k) A door : Ilnd order lever as load is in between effort and fulcrum.
(l) Motorcar foot brake : 3 rd order lever as effort is in between load and fulcrum.

(m) A fishing rod : 3 rd order lever as effort is in between fulcrum and load.
(n) Lemon squeezer : 2 nd class lever as load is in between fulcrum and effort.

Question 8.
Why does a lever of second order have mechanical advantage more than one ?
Answer 8:
M.A. of second order of lever is more than one as effort arm is longer than load arm M.A =
Effort arm / Load arm

Question 9.
Why does a lever of third order have a mechanical advantage less than 1 ?
Answer 9:
M.A. of Illrd order lever is always less than 1 as effort arm is less than load arm M.A. = Effort
arm / Load arm

Question 10.
In which situation does the lever of first order have mechanical advantage (a) more than 1
(b) less than 1 ?
Answer 10:

(a) Mechanical advantage can be more than 1 when effort arm is larger than load arm or by
moving the fulcrum towards the load.
(b) M.A. can be less than lwhen effort arm is smaller than load arm or by moving fulcrum
towards effort.

Question 11.
Why are cutting edges of pliers smaller than the cutting edges of scissors ?
Answer 11:
Cutting edges of pliers are smaller to make it force multiplier. Load arm is kept very small
because the resistance (load) of the metal is very large and to over come this resistance the
effort arm is made larger.

Multiple Choice Questions-1

Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Physics Solutions

1. Which of the statement is not true for a machine ?

(a) It can multiply force
(b) It can increase speed
(c) It can change the direction of applied force.
(d) Its output can be more than input.
Answer:
(d) Its output can be more than input.
2. Which of the statement is not true for an actual machine?
(a) Its mechanical advantage is less than velocity ratio.
(b) Its efficiency is always less than 100%
(c) Its mechanical advantage is greater than velocity ratio.
(d) Output of machine is always less than input.
Answer:
(c) Its mechanical advantage is greater than velocity ratio.

3. A lever which always has mechanical advantage less than 1 has :

(a) Load between effort and the fulcrum.
(b) Effort between the load and the fulcrum.
(c) Fulcrum between the load and effort.
(d) Effort and load act at same point.
Answer:
(b) Effort between the load and the fulcrum.

4. The correct relationship between the effort (E) load (L) and mechanical advantage
(M.A.) is :
(a) M.A. = L × E
(b) M.A. × E = L
(c) M.A. x L= E
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) M.A. × E = L

5. The correct relationship between the velocity ratio (V.R) the distance through which
effort act (d) and the distance through which load moves (D)
(a) V.R. × D = d
(b) V.R. = D × d
(c) V.R. × d = D
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) V.R. × D = d

6. The correct relationship between the efficiency (η), mechanical advantage (M.A.) and
velocity ratio (V.R.) of an actual machine is :
(a) η = M.A × V.R
(b) η = M.A. ÷ V.R.
(c) η × V.R. = M.A.
(d) both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(c) η × V.R. = M.A.
7. A fire tong is a lever of :
(a) First order
(b) Second order
(c) Third order
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) Third order

8. A person standing vertically upon his toes is an example of lever of :

(a) First order
(b) Second order
(c) Third order
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) Third order

9. A lever which always have mechanical advantage more than 1 is :

(a) Lever of first order
(b) Lever of second order
(c) Lever of third order
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) Lever of second order

10. A lever which can have mechanical advantage either less than one or more than one
depending upon the position of fulcrum is a lever of :
(a) First order
(b) Second order
(c) Third order
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) First order

Numerical Problems on Machine-1

Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Physics Solutions

Page-39,40,41

Practice Problems 1
Question 1.
In operating a water pump, a resistance of 480 N is overcome by an effort of 72 N. If the
distance of the fulcrum from the point where the resistance act is 0.2 m. Find the distance
from the fulcrum where effort is applied.
Answer 1:

Question 2.
A uniform plank of a see-saw is 5m long and supported at its centre. A boy weighing 40 kgf
sits at a distance 1.5 m from one end of the see-saw where must a girl weighing 25 kgf sit
on the other end of the see-saw so as to balance the boy ?

Answer 2:

Practice Problems 2

Question 1.
The handle of a nutcracker is 16 cm long and a nut is placed 2 cm from its hinge. If a force
of 4 kgf is applied at the end of the handle to crack it, what weight, if simply, placed on the
nut will crack it ?
Answer 1:

Question 2.
An effort of 50 kgf is applied at the end of a lever of the second order, which supports a
load of 750 kgf, such that the load is at a distance of 0.1 m from the hinge. Find the length
of the lever. (Assume that the lever is weightless)
Answer 2:

Practice Problems 3

Question 1.
A machine displaces a load of 125 kgf through a distance 0. 30 m, when an effort of 12.5 kgf
acts through a distance of 4.0 m. Calculate the

(a) velocity ratio

(b) mechanical advantage
(c) % age efficiency of the machine.

Answer 1:

Question 2.
Calculate the (a) velocity ratio (b) mechanical advantage (c) %age efficiency of a machine
which overcomes a resistance of 800 N through a distance of 0.12 m, when an effort of 160
N acts through a distance of 0.72 m.
Answer 2:

Practice Problems 4

Question 1.
An effort of 500 N is applied through a distance of 0.50 m on a machine, whose efficiency is
90% such that resistance is overcome through a distance of 0.04 nuCalculate the (a) V.R. (b)
M.A. (c) resistance overcome by the machine.
Answer 1:

Question 2.
A crow-bar of length 2.0 m is used as a machine, to lift a box of 100 kgf by placing a fulcrum
at a distance of 0.1 m from the box Calculate the (a) V.R (b) effort required. What
assumption has been made by you in solving the problem ?
Answer 2:

Practice Problems 5

Question 1.
The handle of a water pump is 90 cm long from its piston rod. If the pivot of handle is at a
distance of 15 cm from the piston rod, calculate :
(a) mechanical advantage of handle
(b) least effort required at its other end to overcome a resistance of 60 kgf.
Answer 1:

Question 2.
A crowbar of length 2.5 m is pivoted at a point 25 cm from its tip. Calculate (i) mechanical
advantage of crowbar (ii) the maximum load displaced by it by applying an effort of 100 kgf
on its extreme end.
Answer 2:
Practice Problems 6

Question 1.
A walnut can be broken by applying a direct force of 50 kgf. If the walnut is placed in a nut
crackers, the length of whose handle is 18 cm and nut is placed 2 cm from the pivot,
calculate the minimum force required to crack the nut.
Answer 1:

Question 2.
A key is 5 cm long the turns the levers of a lock at a distance 1 cm. If the lock is opened by
an effort of 10 N, calculate the resistance offered by the levers of the lock.
Answer 2:

Practice Problems 7

Question 1.
A door is 1 m wide. It can be closed by an effort of 25 N, when effort is applied at a distance
of 0.4 m from the hinge. What effort is needed, if it is applied at its extreme end ?
Answer 1:
E × Effort arm

∵ work done in both cases is same

25 N × 0.4 m

Now effort EN × 1 m = 10
E= 10/1 = 10N

Question 2.
A nut can be opened by a lever of length 0.25 m by applying a force of 80 N. What should
be the length of lever, if a force of 32 N is enough to open the nut ?
Answer 2:

Exe-2 Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Physics Solutions Ch-3

Page-44

Question 1.
What is a pulley ?
Answer 1:
Pulley : “is a flat circular disc, having a groove in its edge and capable of rotating about a
fixed point passing through its centre commonly called axle.”

Question 2.
Mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley is always less than 1. Why is the pulley
commonly used ?
Answer 2:
The effort can be applied in a more convenient direction with the single fixed pulley.
One can conveniently make use of his own weight also for the effort.

Question 3.
Draw a diagram of a single movable pulley system. Why is this system preferred to a single
fixed pulley system ?
Answer 3:
Single movable pulley : The single movable pulley is preferred to a single fixed pulley
because load can be lifted by applying an effort equal to half the load (in ideal situation) i.e.
the pulley acts as a force multiplier.

Question 4.
Draw diagram of pulley system having velocity ratio (a) six (b) three
Answer 4:
(a) Six pulleys L = 6T

Velocity Ratio (V.R.) : In a system of n pulley if the load moves up through a distance d, the
effort end moves through a distance because each segment of the string supporting the

∴ Velocity ratio = nd/d = n

load is loosened by a length d i.e. dL = d then dE = nd

Thus the V.R. is always equal to the number of strands of tackle (or section of the string)
supporting the load.

Question 5.
How can a single pulley be used as a single movable pulley ? Explain or draw a labelled
diagram.
Answer 5:
Single movable pulley : “A pulley whose axis of rotation-is movable (not fixed in position) is
a movable pulley done in Q.3.

Multiple Choice Questions-2

Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Physics Solutions

1. A single fixed pulley is used because :

(a) its efficiency is 100%
(b) it multiplies effort
(c) it multiplies speed
(d) it changes the direction of applied effort
Answer:
(d) it changes the direction of applied effort

2. The actual mechanical advantage of a single movable pulley is :

(a) one
(b) two
(c) less than 2, but more than 1
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) less than 2, but more than 1

3. A sheaf pulley system has :

(a) efficiency more than 100%
(b) multiplies speed
(c) multiplies effort
(d) both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(c) multiplies effort

4. A pulley system has 5 pulley in all. Its velocity ratio is :

(a) 5
(b) less than 5
(c) more than 5
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) 5

5. A single movable pulley has :

(a) velocity ratio 2, and actual mechanical advantage 2
(b) velocity ratio 2, and actual mechanical advantage less than 2
(c) velocity ratio 2, and actual mechanical advantage more than 2
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) velocity ratio 2, and actual mechanical advantage less than 2

6. An actual pulley system always has mechanical advantage less than velocity ratio. It is
because :
(a) a part of effort is wasted in overcoming friction.
(b) a part of effort is wasted in overcoming load of movable block
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) both (a) and (b)
Numerical Problems on Machine -2

Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Physics Solutions

Page-45,46,47

Practice Problems 1

Question 1.
A pulley system has five pulley in all and is 90% efficient. Calculate

(a) the mechanical advantage

(b) the effort required to lift a load of1000 N
(c) the resistance due to the movable parts of the machine and friction.

Answer 1:

Question 2. Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers

Diagram shows a single movable pulley system.

(a) Mark the direction of force due to tension.

(b) What is the purpose of the fixed pulley ?
(c) If T is the tension in newtons, what is the relation between T and E ?
(d) Calculate VR of the system.
(e) Assuming efficiency is 100%, what is the mechanical advantage ?
(f) Calculate the effort E.

Answer 2:
(a) Force due to tension is shown.

(b) Purpose of fixed pulley:

(i) If effort is applied only in upward direction it is inconvenient. With the single fixed pulley
B to change the direction of force is shown.
(ii) More over one can use his own weight also at effort as it will be quite convenient.
(c) T = E
(d) V.R = distance moved by effort / distance moved by load

∵ When free end of string is pulled up by the effort through 2d, then load is raised up
V.R. = 2d/d = 2

through a distance d.
(e) M.A. / V.R. = η

Practice Problems 2
Question 1.
Diagram alongside show a pulley system when a load of 30 kgf is attached to a movable
block.

(a) What is the velocity ratio of pulley system ?

(b) What is the mechanical advantage of pulley system assuming it is ideal ?
(c) What is the magnitude of effort applied ?
(d) If the pulley system is not ideal and is 60% efficient, what is the effort required ?

Answer 1:
L = 3 kgf
If free end of string is pulled up by the effort through 3d, then the load is raised up through
a distance d

Question 2.
A pulley system has five pulleys in all, 2 in the movable block and three in fixed block, such
that effort is applied in the upward direction and a load of 60 kgf is attached to the movable
block.

(a) What is the velocity ratio of pulley system ?

(b) Assuming pulley system an ideal one, what is the mechanical advantage ?
(c) What is the magnitude of effort applied ?
(d) If the pulley system is not ideal but is 75% efficient, what is the effort required ?

Answer 2:

Practice Problems 3

Question 1. Machines Class-10 Goyal Brothers

A pulley system with velocity ratio 4 is used to lift a load of 100 kgf through a vertical height
of IS m. The effort required to do so is 40 kgf which is applied in the downward direction.
Calculate :

(a) Distance through which effort is applied

(b) Work done by the effort
(c) Mechanical advantage of pulley system
(d) Efficiency of pulley system.
(e) Number of pulleys in the upper and lower block. [Take g = 10 N kg -1]

Answer 1:
Question 2.
A pulley system with velocity ratio 3 is used to lift a load of 60 kgf through a height of 20 m.
The force is applied in upward direction and its magnitude is 25 kgf. Calculate :

(a) Distance through which effort is applied

(b) Work done by the effort
(c) Mechanical advantage of pulley system
(d) Efficiency of pulley system
(e) Total number of pulleys in the fixed and movable block. [Take g = 10 N kg -1]

Answer 2:
V.R. = 3

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Byjus
Question

To which order do the following levers belong and why?

a) A railway signal
(b) A man cutting bread with a knife
(c) A boy writing a piece of paper
(d) A nutcracker
(e) the handle of a water pump
(f) see-saw
(g) forceps
(h) A man rowing a boat
(i) A lock and key
(j) Soda water opener
(k) a door
(l) motorcarfoot brake
(m) fishing rod
(n) lemon squeezer

Solution
(a) A railway signals Lever of 1st order as the fulcrum is in between load
and effort
(b) Cutting bread with a knife Lever of 3rd order as effort is in between load
and fulcrum.
(c) A boy writing a piece of paper Lever of 3rd order as effort is in between
load and fulcrum.
(d) A nutcracker Lever of 2nd order as the load is in between effort and
fulcrum.
(e) Handle of water pump: Lever of 1st Order as the fulcrum is in between
effort and load
(f) See-saw: Lever of 1st order as the fulcrum is in between load and effort
(g) Forceps: Lever of 3rd Order as effort is in between fulcrum and load.
(h) A man rowing a boat: Lever of 1st order of lever as the load is in
between effort and fulcrum.
(i) Bottle Opener: Lever of 2nd order as the load is in between fulcrum and
effort.
(j)Soda – water opener: Lever of 2nd Order as the load is in between fulcrum
and effort.
(k)A door: Lever of 2nd order the load is in between effort and fulcrum.
(l)Motorcar foot brake: Lever of 3rd order as effort is in between load and
fulcrum.
(m)A fishing rod: Lever of 3rd order as effort is in between fulcrum and load.
(n)Lemon squeezer: Lever of 2nd order as the load is in between fulcrum
and effort.

Assertion : When two unlike charges are brought nearer, their electrostatic
potential energy decreases.
Reason: All conservative forces act in the direction of decreasing potential
energy.
A

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
B

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
C

Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

D

Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Solution
The correct option is A Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the
correct explanation for Assertion

The electrostatic force is a conservative force i.e., the total energy of the system
(potential energy + kinetic energy) remains same and it act in the direction of
decreasing the potential energy.

So, when two unlike charges get closer due to electrostatic force of attraction, the
potential energy decreases.

Thus, both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of the
assertion.

Question

Why are the cutting edges of Pliers smaller than the cutting edges of Scissors?

Solution

Explanation
 Pliers Cutting edges are smaller to make it a force multiplier.
 The load arm is kept very small because the resistance (load )of the metal is
very large and to overcome this resistance the effort arm is made larger.
 In the case of scissors, the cutting edge is generally longer than the effort arm,
Because the load is of small magnitude as compared to the effort available.

Question

Give scientific reasons;

(1) The ships entering fresh water from sea water sink to a greater extent.
(2) The cutting edges of tools like knives, blades etc are provided with sharp
edges.

Solution
(1) As we know that the density of fresh water is less than that of sea water, the buoyant force on the ship in fresh water is less

than that of sea water. Due to this reason, the ships entering the fresh water from the sea water sink to a greater extent.

(2) We know,

We see pressure is inversely proportional to the area. This concept is used in cutting anything with knives and blades. We apply

force on knives and blades to cut anything. If the area is smaller we need to apply little force to complete the task. Since the sharp
edge of knives and blades have a smaller area, we need to apply little force. Due to this reason, the cutting edges of tools like

knives and blades are provided with sharp edges.

Question

Why is the cutting edge of the scissor made longer than the cutting edge of a
metalcutter
Solution

Scissor and metal cutting shear are class-I lever.

For scissor, small movement at effort(at handle) should make long movement of load
arm , so that it can cut longer lengths of cloth/paper. Hence blades are longer than
handle.

But in metal cutting shear, we need large mechanical advantage to overcome the
resistive load while cutting metal sheets. Hence its handle(load arm) is made longer
than its blades.
Question

Scissors and shears are levers of the first order, however the cutting edge of scissors used
for cutting cloth is much longer than the cutting edge of shears used for cutting metals,
explain the difference?
Solution

Dear Student,

In scissors the cutting edge called load arm is generally longer than the effort arm
because the load such as cloth or paper required small amount of force for cutting as
compared to the effort applied by the hands.

However, in case of shears used for cutting metal or wires, the cutting edge called
load arm is kept small because the resistance of the metal (load) is very large. Thus,
to overcome this resistance the effort arm is made longer. In this way both are
different from each other.

Question

Explain why scissors for cutting cloth may have blades longer than the handles, but
shears for cutting metals have short blades and long handles.
Solution
A pair of scissors used to cut a piece of cloth has blades longer than the handles so
that the blades move longer on the cloth than the movement at the handles.

While shears used for cutting metals have short blades and long handles because as it
enables us to overcome large resistive force by a small effort.
Question

A sharp edge blade is more effective in cutting than a blunt blade due to .

Small contact area

B

Large contact area

C

Low pressure
D

Low force
Solution

The correct option is A

Small contact area

In a blunt blade, the force applied on blade spreads over a large area as
compared to sharp blade. Consequently, the pressure of the force applied is
much more in sharp blade, and hence it is more effective in cutting an
object.

Question: A monkey is climbing up a rope, then the tension in the rope

a) must be equal to the force applied by the monkey on the rope
b) must be less than the force applied by the monkey on the rope.
c) must be greater than the force applied by the monkey on the rope
d) may be equal to, less than or greater the force applied by the monkey on the rope.
Answer: must be equal to the force applied by the monkey on the rope

Question: When an elevator cabin falls down, the cabin and all the bodies fixed in the cabin are accelerated with
respect to
a) man standing on earth b) ceiling of elevator c) floor of elevator d) man standing in the cabin
Answer: man standing on earth

Oswal
Class 10 Simple Machines Important Questions and
Answers
Q1. Effort is

Options

(a) exerted on machine

(b) supplied by wind
(c) external agency supplied to the machine
(d) created by the machine
Ans. (c) external agency supplied to the machine
Explanation:
In the context of mechanics and machines, effort is the external force or input used to
operate a machine by an external agency, usually a human or a mechanical power
source. It is the power or force used to propel a machine to carry out a certain
function, such as moving an object or lifting a load. The machine uses this effort to
overcome impediments (such as friction, gravity, or other forces) and complete the
desired task.

Q2. The relationship to evaluate the velocity ratio is :

Options

(a) velocity of effort / velocity of load

(b) displacement of effort / displacement of load
(c) Mechanical advantage / efficiency
(d) all of the above
Ans. (d) all of the above
Explanation:
The velocity ratio in a simple machine or mechanical system is a measure of how the
velocity of the effort (input) compares to the velocity of the load (output). It is
calculated by dividing the velocity of effort by the velocity of the load.

Q3. Give two reasons, why is the efficiency of a single movable pulley
system not 100%?
Ans. Two reasons are as follows:

 Frictional Losses: There is some friction inside the pulley as well as between
the pulley and the rope or cable. The system's overall efficiency is decreased as
a result of the heat generated by this friction.
  Air Resistance: The air resistance that the rope or cable meets when it travels
through the air prevents the load from moving as intended. It takes more work
to overcome this resistance, which results in energy losses and a drop in
efficiency.

Q4. Give an example for each of the following use of a machine:

(i) To change the point of application of the force.
(ii) To obtain gain in force.
(iii) To change the direction of force.
Explanation:
Examples are as follows:
(i) Rotating the wheel of a cycle by applying force on the paddle with the help of a
chain.
(ii) Lifting a car with a jack.
(iii) Lifting a bucket full of water from a well using a single fixed pulley.
Q5. The pulley system shown in the figure is to be used to lift a load W. If
the man applying the effort cannot apply a force exceeding 1000 N, what is
the maximum load that can be lifted? The actual load that the man is finally
able to lift turns out to be 2700 N. What are the values of the actual M.A.
obtained and the efficiency of the actual setup ?

Explanation:
The load lifted would be maximum when conditions are ideal. Since this setup uses
three strands of string, the load gets raised only through 1/3rd of the distance through
which the effort moves. Hence,

= 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑏𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑏𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑Distance
Velocity ration

movedbytheloadDistancemovedbytheeffort
= 11/31/31= 3 Under ideal conditions, V.R. = M.A

∴
Hence, Ideal M.A. of the setup = 3.
Maximum load that can be lifted
= Effort × 3 = 1000 N × 3

= 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡EffortLoad
= 3000 N.Under actual conditions, M.A.

Efficiency = 𝑀.𝐴𝑉.𝑅.V.R.M.A =
=2700𝑁1000𝑁1000N2700N
∴ 2.7332.7
= 0.9 = 90%
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1 : What is mechanical advantage, and how is it calculated?
Ans : Mechanical advantage is a measure of how much a machine multiplies the force
applied. It is calculated by dividing the load force (the force applied to the machine)
by the effort force (the force applied to the machine). A mechanical advantage
greater than 1 means the machine multiplies the force.

Q2 : How do simple machines make work easier?

Ans: Simple machines make work easier by reducing the amount of effort required to
perform a task. They do this by either changing the direction of force, increasing the
distance over which the force is applied, or multiplying the force.

Q3 : Can you provide examples of simple machines in everyday life?

Ans: Example of Simples Machines used in everyday life are:

 Lever: Seesaw, crowbar

 Pulley: Flagpole pulley, window blinds

 Inclined Plane: Ramp, staircase

 Wedge: Knife, axe

 Screw: Screw in a jar lid, threaded screw

 Wheel and Axle: Bicycle wheel, doorknob

Q4 : How do simple machines apply to more complex machines and

technology?
Ans: Complex machines often consist of combinations of simple machines working
together. They use the principles of simple machines to perform a wide range of tasks
efficiently and precisely. Understanding simple machines is fundamental to
understanding and designing complex machinery.

Q5 : What are the practical applications of simple machines in industries and

technology?
Ans: Simple machines are used in various industries and technologies, including
construction (elevators, cranes), transportation (cars, bikes), manufacturing (conveyor
belts), agriculture (tractors), and even in household appliances (doors, faucets).