Table of Contents

Table of Contents................................................................................................................... 1
React Quick Start - Key Concepts:.......................................................................................1
Creating and Nesting Components:..................................................................................... 1
Writing Markup with JSX:...................................................................................................... 2
Adding Styles:........................................................................................................................ 2
Displaying Data:..................................................................................................................... 3
Conditional Rendering:......................................................................................................... 3
Rendering Lists:..................................................................................................................... 4
Responding to Events:.......................................................................................................... 5
Updating the Screen:............................................................................................................. 5
Using Hooks:.......................................................................................................................... 6
Sharing Data Between Components.................................................................................... 7
Scenario 1: Independent Component State....................................................................... 7
Diagram:....................................................................................................................... 7
Scenario 2: Shared State................................................................................................... 7
Diagram:....................................................................................................................... 8
Code Example:...................................................................................................................8
Key Concepts:.................................................................................................................... 9
Next Steps...............................................................................................................................9

React Quick Start - Key Concepts:

●​ Create and nest components.

●​ Add markup and styles.
●​ Display data.
●​ Render conditions and lists.
●​ Respond to events and update the screen.
●​ Share data between components.

Creating and Nesting Components:

●​ React apps are built from components.

●​ A component represents a part of the UI, with its own logic and appearance.
●​ Components can range from small (e.g., button) to large (e.g., entire page).
●​ React components are JavaScript functions returning markup.

function MyButton() {​
return (​
<button>I'm a button</button>​
);​
}

●​ Components can be nested into other components.

 export default function MyApp() {​
return (​
<div>​
<h1>Welcome to my app</h1>​
<MyButton />​
</div>​
);​
}

●​ Component names must start with a capital letter (e.g., <MyButton />).
●​ HTML tags must remain lowercase (e.g., <div> or <button>).
●​ Use export default for the main component in a file.
●​ For JavaScript syntax references, check MDN or javascript.info.

Writing Markup with JSX:

●​ JSX is a syntax extension for writing markup in React (commonly used in React
projects).
●​ Supported out of the box by recommended React development tools.
●​ Stricter than HTML:
○​ Tags must always be closed (e.g., <br />).
○​ Components must return a single parent element, like a <div> or <>...</>
(fragment wrapper).

function AboutPage() {​
return (​
<>​
<h1>About</h1>​
<p>Hello there.<br />How do you do?</p>​
</>​
);​
}

●​ Use an online converter to easily port large amounts of HTML to JSX.

Adding Styles:

●​ Use className in React instead of class in HTML.

<img className="avatar" />

●​ Write CSS rules in a separate CSS file:

 /* Example CSS */​
.avatar {​
border-radius: 50%;​
}

●​ React does not enforce a specific method for adding CSS.

●​ Simplest approach: add a <link> tag to your HTML for the CSS file.
●​ For build tools or frameworks, refer to their respective documentation for adding
CSS.

Displaying Data:

●​ JSX allows embedding JavaScript variables into markup using curly braces {}.
●​ For example, {user.name} displays the value of user.name.

<h1>{user.name}</h1>

●​ You can use curly braces in JSX attributes to pass JavaScript values (not just
strings).
●​ For example, src={user.imageUrl} uses the value of user.imageUrl for the
src attribute.

<img className="avatar" src={user.imageUrl} />

●​ Complex expressions can also be used inside JSX curly braces (e.g., string
concatenation).

alt={'Photo of ' + user.name}

●​ The style attribute uses a regular JavaScript object inside curly braces to apply
styles dynamically.

style={{ width: user.imageSize, height: user.imageSize }}

Conditional Rendering:

●​ React uses standard JavaScript techniques for conditions (no special syntax).
●​ Use an if statement to conditionally include JSX.
 let content;​
if (isLoggedIn) {​
content = <AdminPanel />;​
} else {​
content = <LoginForm />;​
}​
return <div>{content}</div>;

●​ Use the conditional ? operator for more compact code inside JSX.

<div>​
{isLoggedIn ? <AdminPanel /> : <LoginForm />}​
</div>

●​ Use logical && for conditions without an else branch.

<div>​
{isLoggedIn && <AdminPanel />}​
</div>

●​ These techniques also work for conditionally setting attributes.

●​ If unfamiliar with these syntaxes, start by using if...else.

Rendering Lists:

●​ Use JavaScript features like for loops and map() to render lists of components.
●​ Example: an array of products:

const products = [​
{ title: 'Cabbage', id: 1 },​
{ title: 'Garlic', id: 2 },​
{ title: 'Apple', id: 3 },​
];

●​ Use map() to transform the array into a list of <li> items.

const listItems = products.map(product =>​

<li key={product.id}>​
{product.title}​
</li>​
 );

●​ Return the list inside an unordered list (<ul>).

return <ul>{listItems}</ul>;

●​ Each list item (<li>) must have a key attribute to uniquely identify it.​

●​ The key usually comes from the data (e.g., database ID).​

●​ React uses key to track changes when inserting, deleting, or reordering items.​

●​ Example with conditional styling:​

<li​
key={product.id}​
style={{ color: product.isFruit ? 'magenta' : 'darkgreen' }}​
>​
{product.title}​
</li>

Responding to Events:

●​ Declare event handler functions inside components.

function handleClick() {​
alert('You clicked me!');​
}

●​ Attach event handlers using JSX attributes (e.g., onClick={handleClick}).

<button onClick={handleClick}>Click me</button>

●​ Do not add parentheses to the event handler (e.g., onClick={handleClick()} is

wrong).
●​ React will call the event handler when the event occurs.

Updating the Screen:

 ●​ To track and display information, add state to components.
●​ Import useState from React.

import { useState } from 'react';

●​ Declare a state variable inside the component.

const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

●​ useState returns two values: current state (count) and the function to update it
(setCount).
●​ Convention: [stateVariable, setStateFunction].
●​ Pass initial value to useState (e.g., 0 for count).

const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

●​ Call the update function (setCount()) to change state (e.g., setCount(count +

1)).

function handleClick() {​
setCount(count + 1);​
}

●​ React re-renders the component with updated state on each click.

●​ Each instance of the component maintains its own state.​

<MyButton />​
<MyButton />

●​ Clicking one button doesn’t affect others; each button remembers its own count.

Using Hooks:

●​ Functions starting with use are called Hooks (e.g., useState).

●​ useState is a built-in Hook provided by React.
●​ Other built-in Hooks are available in the React API reference.
●​ You can create custom Hooks by combining existing ones.
●​ Hooks have restrictions:
 ○​ Call Hooks only at the top level of components or other Hooks.
○​ Avoid calling Hooks inside conditions or loops; create a new component
instead.

Sharing Data Between Components

Scenario 1: Independent Component State

●​ Each MyButton has its own independent state (count).

●​ Clicking a button updates only that button’s count.

Diagram:

MyApp​
└── MyButton (count: 0)​
└── MyButton (count: 0)

●​ Initial: Each MyButton has count = 0.

●​ After Click: Only the clicked button updates its count.

Scenario 2: Shared State

●​ Move state “upwards” to the closest common parent (MyApp).

●​ Shared state is passed down to child components (MyButton).
●​ Both buttons update together when the state in MyApp changes.
Diagram:

MyApp (count: 0)​

└── MyButton (count: 0)​
└── MyButton (count: 0)

●​ Initial: MyApp has count = 0; passed down to MyButton.

●​ After Click: MyApp updates count to 1; both MyButton update their count.

Code Example:

●​ Move state to parent MyApp.

export default function MyApp() {​

const [count, setCount] = useState(0);​
​
function handleClick() {​
setCount(count + 1);​
}​
​
return (​
<div>​
<h1>Counters that update together</h1>​
<MyButton count={count} onClick={handleClick} />​
<MyButton count={count} onClick={handleClick} />​
</div>​
);​
}

●​ Pass state as props to MyButton.

function MyButton({ count, onClick }) {​

 return (​
<button onClick={onClick}>​
Clicked {count} times​
</button>​
);​
}

●​ Props: count and onClick are passed down to MyButton.

Key Concepts:

●​ Lifting state up: Move state to the parent and pass it down as props.
●​ Props: Data passed from parent to child components (e.g., count, onClick).

Next Steps

●​ Basics Learned: Components, JSX, Hooks, State, Events, Props.

●​ Next Goal: Build a small React app using these concepts.