Introduction to Data Science

Topics
• What is Data Science?
• Different Job roles in it
1. Data Analyst
2. Business Analyst
3. Machine Learning Engineer (ML Engineer)
4. Data Scientist
5. Artificial Intelligence Engineer
• Use of Data Science in various Industries
• Data Science Lifecycle or Data Science Workflow.
What is Data Science?
Data Science is an interdisciplinary
field that uses scientific methods,
processes, algorithms, and systems
to extract knowledge and insights
from structured and unstructured
data. It integrates techniques from
mathematics, statistics, computer
science, and domain-specific
expertise to analyze and interpret
complex data.
Job roles:
1. Data Analyst
• Job Role: A data analyst is responsible for collecting, processing, and performing
statistical analysis of data. They use data to help organizations make better business
decisions by identifying trends, patterns, and insights.

• Responsibilities:

• Data Cleaning and Preprocessing: Handle raw data, remove inaccuracies, fill in missing values, and normalize
datasets.
• Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Visualize data using tools like Excel, Tableau, or Python (Matplotlib,
Seaborn) to uncover trends.
• Reporting and Visualization: Use tools like Power BI, Tableau, or Excel to create reports and dashboards that
summarize data insights for stakeholders.
• Querying Databases: Write SQL queries to retrieve data from databases for analysis.
• Communication: Explain data findings to non-technical stakeholders through charts, graphs, and written
reports.
2. Business Analyst
• Job Role: A business analyst bridges the gap between IT and business by
analyzing business processes, identifying opportunities for improvement, and
making data-driven recommendations. They focus on improving operational
efficiency, customer experience, and overall business outcomes.

• Responsibilities:
• Requirement Gathering: Collaborate with stakeholders to understand
business needs and translate them into data requirements.
• Business Process Analysis: Analyze current business processes and
recommend ways to optimize them using data insights.
• Data Interpretation: Work with data teams to extract relevant data
and derive actionable insights that align with business goals.
• Creating Business Cases: Develop business cases or proposals for
changes or new initiatives based on data analysis.
• Solution Implementation: Oversee the implementation of solutions or
improvements and track their success.
3. Machine Learning (ML) Engineer
• Job Role: Machine learning engineers are responsible for designing, building, and deploying
machine learning models that can make predictions or decisions based on data. They focus on the
technical aspects of model training, deployment, and scaling.

• Responsibilities:
• Model Development: Build machine learning models using algorithms like decision trees,
random forests, neural networks, and more. Use frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and
scikit-learn.
• Model Training and Optimization: Train models on large datasets, optimize their performance
using techniques like hyperparameter tuning, and reduce overfitting.
• Model Deployment: Deploy machine learning models into production using tools like Flask,
FastAPI, or cloud platforms (AWS, GCP, Azure).
• Scalability and Automation: Ensure that models can handle large amounts of data and make
real-time predictions, using tools like Kubernetes or Docker for scalability.
• Collaboration with Data Scientists: Work closely with data scientists to translate their
experiments and prototypes into fully-fledged production models.
4. Data Scientist
• Job Role: Data scientists combine data analysis, machine learning, and domain knowledge to solve
complex business problems. They are responsible for understanding the problem, conducting
exploratory research, building predictive models, and communicating the results to stakeholders.

• Responsibilities:
• Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Investigate data to understand patterns,
distributions, and potential predictive features.
• Feature Engineering: Create new features from raw data to improve model
accuracy.
• Model Building and Evaluation: Develop machine learning or statistical
models to solve business problems like predicting customer churn, fraud
detection, or optimizing marketing campaigns.
• Experimentation: Conduct experiments to validate hypotheses, test models,
and iterate based on findings.
• Communicating Insights: Present technical findings and insights to both
technical teams and business stakeholders.
5. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Engineer
• Job Role: AI engineers design and develop systems that can simulate human intelligence
processes, such as learning, reasoning, and decision-making. They work on advanced AI systems
involving deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics.

• Responsibilities:
• Developing AI Models: Build AI models for tasks like image recognition, natural
language processing (NLP), or automated decision-making using advanced
algorithms.
• Deep Learning Architectures: Design and train deep learning models (neural
networks, CNNs, RNNs, etc.) using frameworks like TensorFlow, Keras, or PyTorch.
• AI System Deployment: Deploy AI models into production and ensure they can
interact with existing systems (e.g., chatbots, autonomous vehicles).
• Optimizing AI Performance: Continuously improve AI models by refining
architectures, tuning hyperparameters, and integrating new data.
• AI Ethics and Safety: Ensure that AI models operate fairly, transparently, and
without bias.