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Unit 01 Science Intro, Problem Solving Tech

Science is defined as the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and reasoning to understand how things work. Key problem-solving methods in science include the scientific method, trial and error, dimensional analysis, heuristic methods, computational modeling, graphical analysis, and thought experiments. Each method serves different contexts and can be combined for effective problem-solving.

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Unit 01 Science Intro, Problem Solving Tech

Science is defined as the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and reasoning to understand how things work. Key problem-solving methods in science include the scientific method, trial and error, dimensional analysis, heuristic methods, computational modeling, graphical analysis, and thought experiments. Each method serves different contexts and can be combined for effective problem-solving.

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Unit # 01

Definition of Science

Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and
reasoning. It aims to understand how things work by developing theories and laws based on
evidence.

Example of Science

For instance, Newton’s Laws of Motion explain how objects move under the influence of
forces. By conducting experiments, such as dropping objects of different masses, scientists
confirmed that gravity affects all objects equally, leading to the formulation of the law of
universal gravitation.

 Problem-solving in science involves systematic approaches to investigating and resolving


questions or issues. Here are some key methods used:

1. Scientific Method

 Observation: Identify a phenomenon or problem.


 Question: Formulate a research question.
 Hypothesis: Propose a possible explanation.
 Experimentation: Conduct tests to validate or refute the hypothesis.
 Analysis: Interpret data and results.
 Conclusion: Determine whether the hypothesis was supported or not.

2. Trial and Error

 Testing different solutions and learning from failures to refine an approach.


 Example: Thomas Edison tested hundreds of materials before discovering the right
filament for the light bulb.

3. Dimensional Analysis

 Using units and conversion factors to check the correctness of equations and calculations.
 Example: Converting miles per hour to meters per second in physics problems.

4. Heuristic Methods (Rule of Thumb)

 Applying experience-based techniques to find a solution quickly.


 Example: Using estimation to simplify complex calculations before solving in detail.

5. Computational Modeling & Simulations


 Using software to simulate scientific processes and predict outcomes.
 Example: Weather forecasting models use physics and atmospheric data to predict
storms.

6. Graphical Analysis

 Representing data visually to identify trends, patterns, or relationships.


 Example: Plotting force vs. acceleration in Newton’s Second Law experiments.

7. Thought Experiments

 Imagining a scenario to explore its logical consequences.


 Example: Einstein’s thought experiment on riding a beam of light led to special relativity.

Each method is useful in different scientific contexts, and scientists often combine multiple
approaches for problem-solving.

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