Data Engineering Data Science Concepts

Data Engineering and Data Science
Concepts
Data Engineering Concepts
1. Data Integration
**Definition:** Combining data from different sources to provide a unified view.
Techniques:
 - Data warehousing
 - Data lakes
 - ETL
 - Data replication
Tools:
 - Apache NiFi
 - Talend
 - Informatica
 - AWS Glue
**Example:** Imagine you have customer data in a CRM system, sales data in an ERP
system, and web traffic data in a web analytics platform. Data integration would combine
these data sources into a single view to analyze customer behavior across different
channels.
Technique Description
Data Warehousing Centralized repository for integrating data

from different sources.
Data Lakes Storage repository that holds vast amounts

of raw data in its native format.
ETL Process of Extracting, Transforming, and

Loading data into a target system.
2. ETL Processes
Stages:
 - Extract
 - Transform
 - Load
**Example:** Extract customer records from a CRM, transform to standardize the format,
and load into a data warehouse.
Stage Description
Extract Pulling data from databases, APIs, or flat

files.
Transform Cleaning, enriching, and transforming the

data.
Load Loading the transformed data into a target

data storage system.
Tools:
 - Apache Airflow
 - Apache Spark
 - AWS Data Pipeline
3. Data Storage Solutions

Types:
 - Relational Databases
 - NoSQL Databases
 - Data Warehouses
 - Data Lakes
**Example:** Use Amazon Redshift for a data warehouse to run complex queries on
structured data, and use AWS S3 for a data lake to store raw data files.
Type Description
Relational Databases Structured data storage using tables (e.g.,

MySQL, PostgreSQL).
NoSQL Databases Flexible schema for unstructured data (e.g.,

MongoDB, Cassandra).
Data Warehouses Centralized repositories for integrated data

(e.g., Amazon Redshift).
Data Lakes Storage repositories for raw data (e.g., AWS

S3).
Data Science Concepts
1. Data Analysis
Types:
 - Descriptive Analytics
 - Predictive Analytics
 - Prescriptive Analytics
**Example:** Descriptive: Analyzing past sales data to understand trends.

Predictive: Using past sales data to forecast future sales.
Prescriptive: Recommending inventory levels based on sales forecasts.
Type Description
Descriptive Analytics Summarizing historical data to understand

what has happened.
Predictive Analytics Using statistical models and machine

learning to predict future outcomes.
Prescriptive Analytics Recommending actions based on the data.
2. Machine Learning
Types:
 - Supervised Learning
 - Unsupervised Learning
**Example:** Supervised: Predicting house prices using labeled data on past sales.
Unsupervised: Segmenting customers into groups based on purchasing behavior.
Type Description
Supervised Learning Training models on labeled data (e.g.,

regression, classification).
Unsupervised Learning Identifying patterns in unlabeled data (e.g.,

clustering).
Tools:
 - Scikit-learn
 - TensorFlow
 - PyTorch
3. Data Visualization
**Purpose:** Communicating insights through visual representations of data.
**Example:** Using Tableau to create an interactive dashboard showing sales performance

across regions.
Tool Description
Tableau Interactive data visualization software.
Power BI Business analytics service by Microsoft.
Matplotlib Python library for static visualizations.
Seaborn Python library for enhanced data visuals.
Technical Skills
1. SQL
**Purpose:** Querying and managing data in relational databases.
Skills:
 - Writing complex queries

 - Joins
 - Subqueries
 - Indexing
 - Optimization
**Example:** Using SQL to join customer and sales tables to analyze sales performance by
customer segment.
2. Python
**Purpose:** Versatile language for data manipulation, analysis, and building ETL pipelines.
Libraries:
 - Pandas (data manipulation)

 - NumPy (numerical operations)
 - Scikit-learn (machine learning)
**Example:** Using Pandas to clean and analyze a dataset, then using Scikit-learn to build a
predictive model.
3. Big Data Technologies

Technologies:
 - Hadoop
 - Spark
**Example:** Using Spark to process large datasets in parallel, improving performance for
data analysis tasks.
4. Cloud Platforms
Platforms:
 - AWS
 - Azure
 - Google Cloud
**Example:** Using AWS Glue to automate ETL tasks, loading data into Redshift for analysis.
5. ETL Tools
Tools:
 - Apache NiFi
 - Talend
 - Informatica
**Example:** Using Talend to design and automate a data integration workflow, extracting
data from multiple sources, transforming it, and loading it into a data warehouse.

Data Engineering Data Science Concepts

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Data Engineering Data Science Concepts

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Data Engineering and Data Science

Data Warehousing Centralized repository for integrating data

Data Lakes Storage repository that holds vast amounts

ETL Process of Extracting, Transforming, and

Extract Pulling data from databases, APIs, or flat

Transform Cleaning, enriching, and transforming the

Load Loading the transformed data into a target

3. Data Storage Solutions

Relational Databases Structured data storage using tables (e.g.,

NoSQL Databases Flexible schema for unstructured data (e.g.,

Data Warehouses Centralized repositories for integrated data

Data Lakes Storage repositories for raw data (e.g., AWS

Example: Descriptive: Analyzing past sales data to understand trends.

Descriptive Analytics Summarizing historical data to understand

Predictive Analytics Using statistical models and machine

Prescriptive Analytics Recommending actions based on the data.

Supervised Learning Training models on labeled data (e.g.,

Unsupervised Learning Identifying patterns in unlabeled data (e.g.,

Example: Using Tableau to create an interactive dashboard showing sales performance

Tableau Interactive data visualization software.

Power BI Business analytics service by Microsoft.

Matplotlib Python library for static visualizations.

Seaborn Python library for enhanced data visuals.

 - Writing complex queries

 - Pandas (data manipulation)

3. Big Data Technologies

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