ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS IN BRIGADA PAGBASA

IN BOLANEY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Members:
Daus, Raina Joyce C.
Manzano, Princess Jennille I.
Miguel, Marivic C.
Sangalang, Jonalyn L.
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the rationale of the study, statement of the problem,

significance of the study, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, assumptions

and hypothesis, scope and delimitations, limitations of the study, and the definition of

terms.

Background of the Study

The ultimate goal of teacher education programs is to prepare future teachers to

impact student learning outcomes. Pre-service teacher education is a program that prepares

fresher for the teaching profession. This program aids crucial learning and helps future

teachers create a holistic learning environment for students. It provides skills, knowledge, and

attitude to conduct classes efficiently. Teachers have a very significant, lifelong impact in all

of their students. This impact involves not only the teaching of particular academic skills, but

as importantly, the fostering of student self-esteem.

The importance of education in advancing society cannot be emphasized, and

educators play a crucial role in determining how individuals and societies will develop in the

future. Teachers, both in-service and pre-service, are in the fore of the educational system and

are crucial in fostering the intellectual growth and development of pupils. The effect of pre-

service teachers on academic attainment and educational outcomes is a significant area of

teacher education that is explored in this study. Pre-service teachers are individuals who are

pursuing their teaching credentials but have not yet started working as full-fledged educators.
They are an essential stage in the teacher, pipeline. The training they acquire before entering

the workforce can significantly impact the caliber of instruction students receive. To design

efficient teacher training programs and ultimately enhance the educational environment as a

whole, it is crucial to comprehend the implications of pre-service teachers’ involvement on

academic performance and educational outcomes.

According to Loinda Guerta, division reading coordinator of DepEd Butuan City

Division, during the Kapihan of the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) Caraga held at SM

City Butuan, the Brigada Pagbasa is another form of volunteerism of parents and other

stakeholders, which calls for the different sectors to unite and volunteer in teaching learners

who needs utmost attention in reading and comprehending the lessons in the school.

This study begins a thorough investigation of the interactions between pre-service

instructors and their bearing on students’ academic achievement and more general

educational objectives. We seek to get insightful understandings of the complex interplay

between pre-service teachers and the students they contact with by investigating many

aspects of this relationship, such as instructional strategies, classroom interactions, and

mentorship programs.

Additionally, this study aims to close the gap between teacher education theory and

practice. It investigates how pre-service teachers’ theoretical underpinnings and pedagogical

approaches are applied in the classroom to produce effective teaching methods. This

knowledge is essential for curriculum developers, teacher educators, and legislators working

to match pre-service teacher preparation with the changing demands and needs of modern

education.
 In conclusion, this case study seeks to highlight the pre-service teachers’ capacity to

reform the educational system. Our goal is to provide evidence-based practices that can

improve the current educational system by analyzing their effects on academic attainment and

educational outcomes.

Statement of the Problem

This research aimed to determine the Academic Achievement of Pupils in Brigada

Pagbasa in Alos Eementary School Academic Year 2023-2024. Specifically, this study will

answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Gender; and

c. Grade

2. What are the reading habits of the pupil respondents?

3. What are the difficulties encountered by the pupils during the Brigada Pagbasa?

4. What are the strategies that help the students during the Brigada Pagbasa?

Significance of the Study

The result of the study that adds to the body of information regarding the Academic

Achievement of Pupils in Bolaney Elementary School will benefit the following sector:
Department of Education (DepEd). The outgrowth of this study enables Department of

Education to recognize the impact of pre-service teachers on the academic achievement and

educational outcomes of the pupils.

Pre-Service Teachers. The study enables pre-service teachers to recognize their impact on

academic achievement and academic outcomes of pupils. It enables them to recognize the

things that they can contribute during their pre-service teaching.

Teachers. The study enables teachers to recognize the impact of pre-service teachers on the

academic achievement and academic outcomes of the pupils. It enables them to easily guide

and facilitate pre-service teachers.

Parents of the learners. The study enables the parents to enlighten their minds regarding the

impact of pre-service teachers on the academic achievement and educational outcomes of

their child. It deepens their understanding of how pre-service teachers contribute on the

learning progress of their child.

Learners. The study recognizes the participation of learners on the pre-service teaching. It

enables them to recognize the impact of pre-service teachers on their academic achievement

and educational outcomes.

Researchers. The conduct of the study will be an opportunity for the researchers to develop

and enrich their skills in education and researching. As future educators, the study will be

beneficial to be able to acknowledge the impact of pre-service teachers on the academic

achievement and educational outcomes of the pupils. This will also help them improve their

values and learn to express their thoughts and opinions in solving different issues through

their own abilities, for a brighter future.

Future Researchers. The study will be beneficial to the future researchers as it will serve as

their cross-reference that will give them background or an overview about the impact of pre-

service teachers on academic achievement and educational outcomes of the pupils.

Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored on Lev Vygotsky’s theory suggests that students learn by

connecting what they know to new learning. This is why teachers need to show the students

the connections between what they know and what they are learning. This can be applied to

reading fluency and reading comprehension. When teachers give students a chance to learn

about a subject then they give them reading fluency passages and comprehension questions

after studying it and making connections with the new material students should have a higher

fluency and comprehension rate.

According to Calica (2019) states that the Department of Education (DepEd) signed a

Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with World Vision Development Foundation (WVDF)

in 2019 for Brigada Pagbasa Program. This is in support to the DepEd’s goal to provide

students access to quality education and a partnership initiative in response to Hamon: Bawat

Bata Bumabasa. The problems posed by the highly contagious coronavirus strain forced

education to become more adaptable and creative in its approach to literacy, elevating reading

to a new level where every student may learn to read.

Brigada Pagbasa is a national reading movement that aspires to unite all education

advocates and champions to help all Filipino children improve their reading abilities in the

framework of collaboration. Moreover, it is a literacy program that intends to assist DepEd’s

ongoing enrichment and remediation efforts. It also functions as a social accountability

platform that promotes community involvement and accountability by making sure that every
community member is aware of their contribution to the education of the learners (DepEd

Memorandum No. 062, s. 2022).

Astri and Wahab (2018) suggested that students will actually learn more efficiently if

the teacher uses the right instructional resources to motivate learning, which will ultimately

increase student learning achievement.

In addition, according to American Federation of Teachers (2023), there is a

considerable amount of evidence that parent involvement helps students, including improving

their academic performance. When parents become involved, there are additional benefits for

learners, such as improved behavior, more regular attendance, and a more positive attitude

toward homework and school in general.

Conceptual Framework

Academic achievement describes academic outcomes that indicate the extent to which

a student has achieved their learning goals. During Brigada Pagbasa, volunteers work closely

with the teachers in every school, in time also with the conduct of Brigada Eskwela (BE),

where they help guide and teach the learners to enhance their reading ability.

The conceptual framework of the study is shown in figure 1. The reading interest and

attitude of the student served as the independent variable of the study.

 The level of Reading Comprehension of the pupils served as the dependent variable.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Reading Reading
Interest of Comprehension
the pupils of the pupils

Problem in Performance in
Reading Reading
comprehension Comprehension
of the pupils

Assumptions and Hypothesis

The underlying premise of the academic success of students in Bolaney Elementary

School’s Brigada Pagbasa program is that the program’s all-encompassing focus on literacy

improvement, community engagement, and additional learning resources will result in

significant improvements in students’ academic performance in a variety of subjects,

especially language and literacy.

Hypotheses:

This study test the following hypothesis using the 0.05 significance

1. A student’s improved reading and comprehension skills are positively correlated with

increased participation in Brigada Pagbasa activities.

2. Brigada Pagbasa’s incorporation of community volunteers has a notable impact on

students’ interest and involvement in literacy-related activities, which in turn

promotes enhanced academic results.

The Bolaney Elementary School pupils’ quantifiable advances in academic

achievement, particularly in language and literacy areas, can be attributed to the provision of

additional educational tools and materials through Brigada Pagbasa.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study will focus on the pupils in the Brigada Pagbasa in Bolaney Elementary

School. The study will be conducted to know the academic achievement of pupils in the

Brigada Pagbasa. The data collection will be conducted in Bolane Elementary School during

the school year 2023-2024. The study will be done through utilization of questionnaire to the

pupils as a survey and reference. By this strategy, we will be able to know the challenges

encountered by the pupils in the Brigada Pagbasa.

Limitations of the Study

In studying the academic achievement of pupils in Brigada Pagbasa at Bolaney

Elementary School, it’s important to acknowledge a few potential limitations of the study.

Generalizability: The findings of the study may be specific to the context of Bolaney

Elementary School and may not be directly applicable to other schools or regions. The

school’s unique characteristics, teaching methods, and student demographics could influence

the results. Sample Size and Selection: The study’s sample size might be limited, making it

challenging to draw broad conclusions. Additionally, the selection process for participants in

Brigada Pagbasa could introduce bias if it is not random or representative of the entire

student population. Short-Term Perspective: If the study focuses on short-term outcomes, it

may not capture the long-term effects of Brigada Pagbasa on academic achievement. A more

comprehensive understanding would require a longitudinal study that tracks students’

progress over an extended period. It’s crucial to be aware of these limitations when

interpreting the findings of the study. Researchers should address these limitations

transparently, and readers should consider them while evaluating the study’s conclusions and

implications.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined to provide a better understanding of the major

objectives of the study:

Age: Age refers to the length of time a person is existed.

Gender: The male sex or the female sex, especially when considered with reference to social

and cultural differences rather than biological ones, or one of a range of other identities that

do not correspond to established ideas of male and female.

Pre-service teachers: is a student aspiring to become a teacher in the future. The education

program provides skills, and knowledge that are necessary to become a teacher.

Brigada Pagbasa: A community-centered literacy program in the Philippines designed to

bolster reading proficiency, comprehension, and cultivate a culture of reading among students

by leveraging collaborative efforts among schools, local communities, and volunteers.

Pupils: Students, typically in primary or elementary education, who are the primary focus of

inquiry, examination, or evaluation concerning their educational progress and

accomplishments within the scope of "Brigada Pagbasa."

Literacy: The encompassing ability to read, comprehend, write, and communicate

effectively. Within the context of "Brigada Pagbasa," it denotes the enhancement and

refinement of reading skills among pupils.

Holistic learning environment: is one that nurtures all aspects of students' learning. The

environment is safe, supportive, and provides opportunities to help students deal with

nonacademic as well as academic factors that impact their learning.

Teaching Technique: is a mode of executing a plan for aiding learning on the partof the

learners. It evaluates teaching in terms of goal- directed connectedteaching

behaviour for achieving constrained instructional goals

Academic Achievement: The quantifiable demonstration of knowledge, skills, and

competencies acquired by pupils, often evaluated through standardized tests, grades, or

educational assessments across various subjects or areas of study.

Community Engagement: The active involvement and participation of various stakeholders,

including parents, volunteers, local organizations, and educators, in supporting educational

initiatives like "Brigada Pagbasa," fostering an environment conducive to learning and

literacy development.

Assessment Tools: Instruments or methodologies employed to assess and measure the

academic advancement, reading proficiency, comprehension levels, and overall educational

growth of pupils within the framework of the "Brigada Pagbasa" program. These tools

encompass tests, observations, surveys, or interviews.

Intervention Strategies: Specific techniques, methodologies, or actions integrated within the

"Brigada Pagbasa" initiative to address identified challenges or enhance reading abilities and

academic performance among pupils. These strategies may include teacher training programs,

specialized reading modules, parental engagement initiatives, among others.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature, related studies, and the

relationship of the previous studies to the present studies

RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign

The Department of Education (DepEd) is married to the burden of fulfilling the

commitment of prioritizing education for nation building. Throughout the years, it has

devised countless ways to deliver quality education to every Filipino (Carreon, 2015).

Brigada Eskwela better known as the Bayanihan Para sa Paaralan (Working Together for

Schools), added a new meaning to the Filipino notion of unity. From the image of barrio men

bearing together the weight of a bahay kubo (nipa hut) on their shoulders to the image of

volunteers braving storms and floods to help calamity-stricken communities, Brigada

Eskwela brings to us a picture of people fromdifferent sectors of society repainting walls and

blackboards, cleaning windows and doors, or repairing fences.

World Vision, 2022, to ensure that the program is implemented successfully,

important issues such as development of locally relevant materials should be reviewed during

planning. This starts by evaluating children's literacy abilities and preparedness for reading

using reading materials to ensure the intentionality of the program.

Maribbay, 2022 noted that the ability to function well in school, which impacts

academic achievement, depends heavily on one’s reading comprehension ability. If the

learners did not succeed the pretest and students' reading comprehension is low, an

intervention is required.

Olaivar, 2017 revealed that managerial skills affect the implementation of brigada

eskwela at schools and even to the performance of students and teachers.

Lagat, 2021 stated that utilizing strategy is a successful method of teacher instruction

and students' understanding of reading, which led to an improvement in the score on posttest.

Reading motivation is frequently defined as the process that initiates, guides, and

sustains goal-oriented behaviors. Decena (2021) suggests in her study that teachers may offer

a variety of exercises tailored to the abilities of the students in order to help them overcome

their reading challenges.

Buncag, 2019 states that there was a major improvement after the implementation of

the reading program. The reading proficiency among the learners improved from a level of

frustration to a majority of instructional readers with a small number of independent readers

after the implementation of the program in enhancing the students' reading abilities. This

means that a reading program is really essential to maintain quality education and assist

individuals who struggle to read.

In addition, according to American Federation of Teachers (2023), there is a

considerable amount of evidence that parent involvement helps students, including improving

their academic performance. When parents become involved, there are additional benefits for

learners, such as improved behavior, more regular attendance, and a more positive attitude

toward homework and school in general.

Local

According to the Philippine Informal Inventory Manual 2018,Phil-IRI is an informal

reading inventory composed of graded passages designed to determine the individual

student's performance in oral reading, silent reading, and listening comprehension. These

three types of assessments seek to determine a student's level of independence, instructional

ability, and frustration. The data from this measure could be used to design or adjust

classroom, small group, or individualized instruction to meet the needs and abilities of the

students. The Philippine Informal Reading Inventory is administered in July for the pre-test,

with the results used to guide intervention activities, and the post-test is administered in

January of the same school year. The intervention's goal is to help students become

independent readers. Every reading program strives to make every child a competent reader

and functional learner.

Brigada Pagbasa is a national reading movement that aspires to unite all education

advocates and champions to help all Filipino children improve their reading abilities in the

framework of collaboration. Moreover it is a literacy program that intends to assist DepEd's

ongoing enrichment and remediation efforts. It also function as a social accountability

platform that promotes community involvement and accountability by making sure that every

community member is aware of their contribution to the education of the learners (DepEd

Memorandum No.062,s.2022).

The Brigada Pagbasa (BP), modeled after Brigada Eskwela, is an after-school reading

program introduced in response to the DepEd 3B Initiative outlined in DM 173, s. 2019. This

initiative encourages all Brigada Eskwela implementers to engage in a collaborative effort

aimed at addressing literacy and numeracy gaps through a focused reading partnership. It
serves as a platform to unite education-related endeavors promptly addressing these learning

gaps. This reading advocacy not only addresses immediate literacy needs but also fosters an

environment for stakeholders to contribute towards enhancing the education system,

particularly in equipping learners with 21st-century skills. Following a successful nationwide

implementation last school year, the Brigada Pagbasa aims to further engage education

partners and experts, intensifying this after-school reading program.

Additionally, the DepEd, in the same issuance, recognized that efforts aimed at

developing learners’ reading skills are inadequate, as evidenced by the results of national

assessments. (Jennifer Gaitano 2023). In is said that Filipinos value education highly. This

can be seen in the displayed diplomas and medals on the wall of the children what completed

the said house. Parents also teach that education is the only wealth they can inherit that will

not be stolen. This appreciation can be noted in our aveestors. Ravago (2018) stated in his

article "komprehensyon sa Paghasa" thrat reading is matural to Vilipins hecanse of the goud

things in brings. One of them is to provide comfort from the stories and history of all things

and creatures in the world whether real or just fiction.

In the study of Pujeda (2019),there were four problems in comprehending narrative

text that the pupil-respondents considered to be very serious, including understanding

figurative language, reading fast without understanding, understanding of the content,and

limited vocabulary, which was the top-ranked problem.

According to Snow (2013). comprehension is a process of simultaneous development

and construction of meaning through interaction and interaction with written language. The

word's derivation and development are used to emphasize both the importance and scarcity of

the text as a result of reading comprehension. It is sad to think that even very capable students
who pass the study still do not know how to read and understand texts. That is why teachers

and schools are constantly taking steps to meet the problems of students. And this is the goal

of the researcher to find out the effectiveness of the reading brigade among students.

Academic achievement, in general, refers to a student's present degree of learning.

Academic achievement refers to the percentage of pupils at a school whose learning currently

meets or surpasses their grade-level standards. Math and reading statewide assessments are

used to assess this achievement (Minnesota Department of Education,2017).

RELATED STUDIES

Foreign

Lutkus, Rampey and Donahue (2005) also say that students should be able to extend

the ideas in the text by making clear inferences from it, by drawing conclusions, and by

making connections to their own experiences including reading experiences.

Lifehack (2004) declares that to achieve reading comprehension, the reader should

read every day, and use skills such as generating the ideas and information in the selection,

and looking for the answers while reading.

In addition, Neufeld (2006) and Mercurio (2005), as cited by Jude and Ajayi (2012),

believe that to achieve reading comprehension, the reader should employ skills such as

identifying the main idea of a passage, summarizing the context of a text, generating

questions about the information in the text and looking for clues that answer those questions.

Furthermore, Vacca (2005) contends that learners must work with print in an effort to

explore and construct meaning and that reading is first and foremost a conversation, a give
and take process, between the reader and the text. However, the burden is always on the

reader.

Moinzade and Salari (2015) disclose that reading comprehension among 120 Iranan

EFL learners involves highly complex cognitive processing operations. Teaching English to

language learners especially on how to read is a vital issue in their current educational policy

and practice. While many students do well in literacy, several English language learners tend

to exhibit lower academic achievement especially in reading. When second language readers

read second language texts, they are encountering difficulty in processing them; they may get

frustrated with reading, and experience anxiety.

Derk (2012) asserts that comprehension means understanding what is being said or

read. When it comes to reading, it is an active process that must be developed if a learner

wants to become a proficient reader. Effective reading skill development is further

accomplished when the learner becomes proficient in literal, inferential and critical

comprehension reading the first level of reading is literal which has been defined by Roundy

(2014) as what the text simply says. It is what actually happens in the story. This is a very

important level to understanding because it provides the foundation for more advanced

comprehension. Without understanding the material in this level, you could not go any

further. He explicates level concerns itself with why the author says what he or she says. This

high level of comprehension requires the reader to use some external criteria from his/her

own experience in order to evaluate the quality, values of the writing, the author’s reasoning,

simplifications, and generalizations. The reader will react emotionally and intellectually with

the material. The literal level comes out with understanding and absorbing facts, the
interpretive level concerns underlying implications, and the applied level focuses on

translating topics into real-world situations.

Jude (2012) affirms that literal comprehension is technically the basic form of reading

comprehension that involves understanding facts and descriptions that are found in the text.

Questions on literal comprehension simply engage students to locate information that are

already explicit in the reading material. Inferential level of comprehension presupposes the

ability to process the information in the text and be able to reach a conclusion about the

reading material. Inferential level deals with what the author means by what is said. The

reader must simply read between the lines and make inferences about things not directly

stated. Again these inferences are made in the main idea, supporting details, and cause and

effect relationships. Inferential comprehension could also involve interpreting figurative

language, drawing conclusions, predicting outcomes, determining the mood, and judging the

author’s point of view (Cherry, 2016).

Huggins (2009) states that critical comprehension is more than evaluating quality of

the text or stating an opinion about it and requires readers to make judgments about that they

are reading based on an evaluation of several text-grounded factors, such as the quality of the

writing, the determination that it is fact or opinion, the objectivity of the author, and whether

the text is believable.

Schmidt and Retelsdorf (2016) in their research article on a new measure of reading

habit: going beyond behavioral frequency, offers a rubric to measure reading frequency in

which the maximum is “more than 2 hours daily”, and the minimum is “up to 30 minutes

daily”. One to two hours of reading is relegated to the fourth scale in a five-scale range.
 Smith (2008) declares that teaching reading is one of the most challenging yet

enriching tasks since reading is the key to learning. Traditional approaches to dealing with

reading problems such as tracking and grade retention do not help. Instead, expose the child

to varied reading materials that could ignite his interest in reading, from simple to complex

until he develops his reading performance. Relative to the above, exposure to music could

affect the reading skills of the students. Music, like any written language, can give students

that same limitless power felt as a 5-year-old first entering a world filled with words. The key

to this hidden realm within music is sight reading. The constant practicing, studying, and

challenges that make up a music-learning experience are the perfect ingredients for sight

reading success.

Local

Academic achievement describes academic outcomes that indicate the extent to which

a student has achieved their learning goals. Academic achievement may refer to completing

educational benchmarks such as a bachelor’s degree. Academic achievement is often

measured through examinations or continuous assessment.

Gillaco (2014) determined the reading profile of all grade four pupils through their

level of word recognition and level of reading comprehension which were the bases in

designing a reading program. The data on word recognition was observed through

pronunciation and oral reading speed using the Dolch’s Basic sight words while the reading

comprehension was through answering questions right after their silent reading.

The national assessments for learners. The Brigada Pagbasa Program targets to make

each learner a reader by way of attractive companions and stakeholders to promote the

lifestyle of reading. The Brigada Pagbasa (BP) as a form of Brigada Eskwela is an after-
school reading program in response to Hamon: Bawat Bata Bumabasa or DepEd 3B Initiative

issued under DM 173, s. 2019. All BE implementers are encouraged to conduct this

partnership initiative for reading which serves as a platform to synergize education-related

endeavors that immediately addresses literacy and numeracy learning gaps.

In 2019, World Vision, in partnership with the Department of Education (DepEd),

launched Brigada Pagbasa, a movement that seeks to enhance the reading skills of the

Filipino children. The project, an extension of the Brigada Eskwela campaign that promotes

community participation in time for school opening, brings together experts, changemakers,

policymakers, and other stakeholders across all sectors from international and local agencies,

as well as public and private organizations to spread reading literacy among Filipino children.

Merle (2019) the intervention program used in the study served as a means in

addressing the reading comprehension difficulty of the pupils. The reading comprehension

performance of the pupils improved because the reading materials used in the study started

with Level 1 which was composed of the shortest and simplest stories and questions and the

degree.

According to Luansing (2019), there was no significant difference in the students

grade level, age, and gender were taken into account. However, a significant difference in

students’ levels of reading comprehension was discovered. The most difficult aspect of

reading English was encountered. The results showed that, according to the PHIL-IRI

standard, most Grade Five students had difficulties with reading comprehension in English

because they didn’t understand what they’d read and couldn’t answer the questions correctly.

But that they improved after remediation and interventions.

 According to the Cho et al. (2015) their findings of the study suggest a few

pedagogical implications for teachers and teacher educators. First, it is important to choose

interesting and yet challenging reading materials to motivate students to read. Second,

teachers should be well-prepared to be able to connect student reading to grade-level

curriculum. It is of note that building and activating engage students background knowledge

is highly dependent on teachers knowledge and skills to further beyond text comprehension.

Jennifer Gaitano, 2023. Brigada Pagbasa’ resolves learners’ difficulty in reading.

Reading has become fun and enjoyable for pupils who are on their break, yet still find time to

read and learn more from phonics words, sentences.

Relationship of the Previous Studies to the Present Studies

The relationship between previous studies and the present study on the achievement

of pupils in Brigada Pagbasa lies in the potential to build upon existing research, contribute to

the existing body of knowledge, and either support or challenge previous findings. By

reviewing and analyzing previous studies on similar topics, the present study can benefit in

several ways: Validation and Replication: If previous studies have shown positive effects or

benefits of Brigada Pagbasa on pupil achievement, the present study can provide further

validation and replication of those findings. Consistency across multiple studies strengthens

the evidence base and increases confidence in the effectiveness of the program.

Methodological Comparisons: Comparing the methodologies, study designs, and

approaches used in previous studies can inform the present study’s research design. It can

help identify effective research methods, highlight potential challenges or limitations to

avoid, and improve the overall quality and reliability of the current investigation. Knowledge
Expansion and Synthesis: By reviewing previous studies, the present study can contribute to

expanding the collective knowledge and understanding of the achievement of pupils in

Brigada Pagbasa. It can provide additional data, perspectives, or insights that, when

combined with existing research, offer a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Overall, the relationship between previous studies and the present study lies in the

potential to build upon existing research, contribute to the existing body of knowledge, and

either support or challenge previous findings. A thorough literature review of relevant studies

would be crucial to establish the specific connections and inform the approach of the present

study.
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows the research design, research locale, sample and sampling

technique, research treatment, statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

Non-experimental design, also called as descriptive research design, will be used to

gather information through the use of survey questionnaires as an instrument. The descriptive

method will be used to assess the operation involved on describing the academic achievement

of pupils in brigada pagbasa in Bolaney Elementary School by means of understanding the

difficulties encountered by the pupils during the brigada pagbasa.

Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population,

situation, or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why

questions. The identified design is appropriate to the study because it aims to know the

academic achievement of pupils in brigada pagbasa.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were purposively selected from Bolaney Elementary

School for the school year 2022 – 2023.

The study will use 20 students from grades 1-6 who have difficulty in reading.
Locale and Population of the Study

The study will be conducted in Bolaney Elementary School. The study will only focus

on the pupils who have difficulty in reading. The researchers will use purposive sampling to

get the number of respondents from Bolaney Elementary School.

Research Instrument

In this study, survey questionnaires will be used as the major instrument to gather data

in describing the academic achievement of pupils in brigada pagbasa in Bolaney Elementary

School.

Conducting survey questionnaire give the most direct approach to gathering detailed

data. Researchers will gather information through floating survey questionnaires.

Statistical Tool

Data will be treated with appropriate statistical software to ensure validity of

computations. However, the following specific statistical techniques will be employed:

To answer the statement of the problem (SOP) number 1, 2, 3, and 4, frequency count

and percentage will be carried out to determine the demographic profile of the respondents,

the reading habits od the pupil respondents, the difficulties encountered by the pupils and the

strategies that help the pupils during the brigada pagbasa.