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PHYSICSSOLUTION
Class 12th [Pre-Board EXAMINATION]
1. (b)

In the direction of electric field, the electric potential decreases.

2. (b)
In the state of equilibrium,
The potential on the surface of bigger sphere = the potential at the surface of the smaller sphere
kq1 kq 2 q r
  1 1
r1 r2 q 2 r2
E1 q1 q1 r22 r1 r22 r2
   . 
E 2 q 2 q 2 r12 r2 r12 r1
3. (c)

4. (b)
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5. (b)
v ˆ
E i
x
So, option (b) is correct.
6. (c)

7. (a)

8. (b)
The distance of closest approach

From equations (1) and (2),

9. (c)
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10. (c)
The two sources may or may not be in phase.
11. (d)
With increase in temperature, number of electrons reaching conduction band increases but, mean
relation time decreases. Effect of decrease in relation time is much less than that of increase in
number density of charge carriers.
12. (d)

13. (a)

14. (a)
15. (c)

16. (a)
16
h

P
as body goes down, p increases and so  decreases.
17. (0.8 eV)
  3.2eV
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1240
E eV
310
 4eV
(K.E.)  hv  
 4  3.2
 0.8ev

Section B
18.

 1  D
Distance at which dark fringe is observed x   n  
 2 d

1 4  107
First Dark fringe for 1d1  m  2  105 m
2 102

1 6  107
First Dark fringe for  2 d 2  m  3  105 m
2 102

First dark fringe will be the distance where both dark fringes will coincide i.e. LCM of d1 & d1

i.e. 2  105 m  3  105 m

 6  105 m

OR
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19.
2jIm vcos 
(a) As Pitch (p) =
qB
2  3.14  1.7  1027  2  105 cos30
or, p  m
1.6  1019  1.5

20. (i) Nuclear fission – W 0.5M

Reason: As W has binding energy per nucleon less then Y and X and nucleus is larger in size.
0.5M
(ii) Nuclear fusion-Z
Reason: As Z has binding energy per nucleon more then Y and X and nucleus is smaller in size.
21. Refer class notes
22.

23. (I)The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with dielectric slab (t < d)

+q, –q = the charges on the capacitor plates

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+qi, –qi = Induced charges on the faces of the dielectric slab
E0→ electric field intensity in air between the plates
E → the reduced value of electric field intensity inside the dielectric slab.
When a dielectric slab of thickness t < d is introduced between the two plates of the capacitor the
electric field reduces to E due to the polarisation of the dielectric. The potential difference between
the two plates is given by

Here E is the reduced value of electric field intensity

Also the dielectric constant K is given by

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24.

Magnifying power : The magnifying power is the ratio of the angle  subtended at the eye by the final
image to the angle  which the object subtends at the lens or the eye.

m

hf f
 o o
fe h fe
25.
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26.
From relation,
F  qvB (ˆi)  (k)
ˆ 

F  qvBjˆ
According to Fleming’s left-hand rule the magnetic field will point in a direction that is (x) inside
the paper’s plane. Therefore, the force will be applied in the conductor’s direction of travel.
Therefore, the force will be exerted in the +y direction.
27.
Let two thin lenses L1 and L2 of focal lengths f1 and f 2 be put in contact. O is a point object at a
f1 at I after refraction through the two lenses at a
distance u from the lens L1 Its image is formed
distance v from the combination. The lens L1 forms the image of O at I’. I’, then serves as a virtual
object for the lens L2 which forms a real image at I.
f1 f2

 
O C1 C2 I I’

u v
L1 L2
v’

28. (I)
1
Gauss’s theorem: The flux of electric field through any closed surface is times the total charge
0
enclosed by the closed surface.

by the surface.
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Application of Gauss’s theorem
To find electric field due to a line charge let us consider an infinitely long line charge placed along
XX’ axis with linear charge density λ. Ouraim is to find electric field intensity at a point P distant r
from the line charge. We draw a cylindrical surface of radius r and length l coaxial with the line
charge. The net flux through the cylindrical gaussian surface i.e.

OR
(II) (a) Definition of electric flux and its SI unit
(b)Electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of charge.
Let us consider an infinite thin plane sheet of positive charge having a uniform surface charge
density . Let P be the point where electric field E is to be found. Let us imagine a cylindrical
gaussian surface of length 2r and containing P as shown. The net flux through the cylindrical
gaussian surface.
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Section D
29. I (B); II (C); III (B); IV (C) 0R IV (D)
30. I (D); II (C) ; III (A) ; IV(B) ; 0R IV (A)
Section E
31.
(a) Drift velocity is defined as the average velocity with which free electrons in a conductor get drifted
in a direction opposite to the direction of the applied electric field. Let n be the number of free
electrons per unit volume of the conductor. Then, total number of free electrons in the conductor
= n× volume of the conductor = n × Al.
If e is the magnitude of charge on each electron, then the total charge in the conductor, Q = (nA/)e
...(i)
The time taken by the charge to cross the conductor length is given by
where vd is drift velocity of electrons.
According to the definition of electric current,
Q nAIc
I   neAvd
t I
vd
(b) Refer class notes
OR
(a)
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(b)

32. (I) AC Generator

It is a device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy
Principle: It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a closed coil is rotated
rapidly in a strong magnetic field, the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes continuously.
Hence an emf is induced in the coil and a current flows in it. In fact, the mechanical energy expended
in rotating the coil appears as electrical energy in the coil.
Construction: Main Parts
1. Armature: It is a rectangular coil ABCD having a large number of turns of insulated copper wire
wound on a soft-iron core. The use of soft-iron core increases the magnetic flux linked with the
armature.
2. Field Magnet: It a strong electromagnet having concave pole pieces N and S. The armature is
rotated between these pole pieces about an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field.
3. Slip Rings: The leads from the armature coil ABCD are connected to two copper rings R1 and R2
called the ‘slip rings’. These rings are concentric with the axis of the armature coil and rotate with it.
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4. Brushes: These are two carbon pieces B1 and B2 called brushes which remain stationary pressing
against the slip rings R1 and R2 respectively. The brushes are connected to an external circuit.
Working Theory: When the coil ABCD is rotated inside the field, an emf is induced between its two
ends. Let the plane of the coil be at right angles to the magnetic field at t= 0 and angular speed of the
rotation of the coil be ω. Then at time t, θ = ωt. The magnetic flux linked with the coil at time t is

OR
(II)
(a)TRANSFORMER
Use: It is a device which converts low ac voltage at high current into high ac voltage at low current and
vice –versa.
Principle: It consists of two coils P and S wound on a closed soft iron core. The coil which is fed from the
ac supply is called primary coil (P) and the other connected to the load is called secondary coil (S). The
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core of the transformer is made of soft -iron to reduce hysteresis loss and is laminated to reduce eddy
current losses.
Working: When an alternating emf ep is impressed on the primary winding it sends an ac current through it
which sets up an alternating magnetic flux in the core. This induces an alternating emf es in the secondary.
If NP and Ns are the number of turns in primary and secondary coil, their linkages with the flux are

es i p N s
 
e p is N p

At the generating station a step-up transformer is used for stepping up the voltage and at the various
receiving substations a step-down transformer is used

(b)The two sources of energy losses are eddy current losses and flux leakage losses.
(c)There is no violation of the principle of the conservation of energy in a step up transformer. When
output voltage increases the output current decreases automatically keeping the power the same.
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33. (I)

Similarly, the angle subtended by moon᾿s image(formed by the objective) at the objective

OR

Therefore the image formed by the objective is formed ata distance of 10 cm towards the eyepiece.
Hence for the objective

(b) When the final image is formed at infinity the object for the eyepiece mustlie at its principal
focus. There fore the distance of the image formed by the objective from its optical center,