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Computer-Based-Control

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) automates machine tool control using software in a microcomputer, enhancing manufacturing processes for metal and plastic parts. CNC applications span various machine tools and non-machine tools, offering advantages such as high accuracy, reduced human error, and increased production efficiency. The CNC system consists of a part program, machine control unit, and machine tool, with programming requiring knowledge of machining processes and parameters.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views16 pages

Computer-Based-Control

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) automates machine tool control using software in a microcomputer, enhancing manufacturing processes for metal and plastic parts. CNC applications span various machine tools and non-machine tools, offering advantages such as high accuracy, reduced human error, and increased production efficiency. The CNC system consists of a part program, machine control unit, and machine tool, with programming requiring knowledge of machining processes and parameters.

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anpmht10
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Computer Based Control

Presentation On Computer
Numeric Control
By:
Shanta Aryal (4202)
Nitesh Biswakarma (420)
Bishal Khadka (420)
Anup Maratha (420)
Gopal Pokharel (42056
Computer Numeric Control
• Computer numerical control (CNC) is a method for automating control
of machine tools through the use of software embedded in a
microcomputer attached to the tool. It is commonly used in
manufacturing for machining metal and plastic parts.
• A CNC machine hold a piece of material (metal, plastic, wood,
ceramic, or composite) to meet specifications by following a coded
programmed instruction and without a manual operator.
• Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is one in which the functions and
motions of a machine tool are controlled by means of a prepared
program containing coded alphanumeric data. CNC can control the
motions of the workpiece or tool, the input parameters such as feed,
depth of cut, speed, and the functions such as turning spindle on/off,
turning coolant on/off
Application Of CNC
• The applications of CNC include both for machine tool as well as
non-machine tool areas. In the machine tool category, CNC is widely
used for lathe, drill press, milling machine, grinding unit, laser,
sheet-metal press working machine, tube bending machine etc.
Highly automated machine tools such as turning center and
machining center which change the cutting tools automatically under
CNC control have been developed. In the non-machine tool category,
CNC applications include welding machines (arc and resistance),
coordinate measuring machine, electronic assembly, tape laying and
filament winding machines for composites etc.
Advantages
• High accuracy in manufacturing
• Short production time
• Greater manufacturing flexibility
• Simpler fixturing
• Contour machining (2 to 5 –axis machining)
• Reduced human error.
The Benefits of Computer Numerical Control
(CNC)

• 1. Saving on manufacturing costs



2. Increased speed of production

3. Increased safety

4. Increased efficiency of production

5. Reduced production costs
Advantages
• Machining is accurate
• Time taken to perform a job is very less
• Safe to operate
• Number of operators required to operate a machine are reduced
• No possibility of human error
• Reliable
• Even very complex designs can also be made
• Low maintenance required
• They are versatile
• Uniformity in designs
• They could run for all 24 hours a day

Importance of CNC in Manufacturing

Computer numerical control is an extremely high-tech and important process in today’s world of
manufacturing. It takes skilled engineers to program the files used by the microprocessor within a
machine tool to make a machine function properly and efficiently. It’s amazing how quickly various
goods can be produced, but CNC technology is an important backbone that makes all the difference
in these processes.
ELEMENTS OF A CNC
A CNC system consists of three basic components
• Part program
• Machine Control Unit (MCU)
• Machine tool (lathe, drill press, milling machine etc.)
Numerical Control
• Programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of a
‘machine tool’ are controlled by a program containing coded
alphanumeric data that represents relative positions between a work
head (e.g., cutting tool) and a work part
Program Machine
Instructions Control Unit

Transformation
Process

Power
NC Coordinating System
NC Co-ordinate System
For flat and prismatic (block-like) parts:
• Milling and drilling operations
• Conventional Cartesian coordinate system
• Rotational axes about each linear axis

For rotational parts:


• Turning operations
• Only x- and z-axes
Part program

• The part program is a sequence of instructions, which describe the work,


which has to be done on a part, in the form required by a computer under
the control of computer numerical control (CNC) software. It is the task of
preparing a program sheet from a drawing sheet. All data is fed into the
CNC system using a standardized format. Programming is where all the
machining data are compiled and where the data are translated into a
language which can be understood by the control system of the machine
tool.
• The machining data is as follows :
• Machining sequence classification of process, tool start up point, cutting
depth, tool path, etc.
• Cutting conditions, spindle speed, feed rate, coolant, etc.
• Selection of cutting tools.
• Each command specifies a position in the Cartesian coordinate system
(x,y,z) or motion (workpiece travel or cutting tool travel), machining
parameters and on/off function.
• Part programmers should be well versed with machine tools,
machining processes, effects of process variables, and limitations of
CNC controls.
• The part program is written manually or by using computerassisted
language such as APT (Automated Programming Tool)
Part Programming Process
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CNC

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