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Selection Sort Algorithm

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oussama.kadi24
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2 views4 pages

Selection Sort Algorithm

Uploaded by

oussama.kadi24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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Selection Sort Algorithm:

Understanding and Explanation


1. Introduction

Sorting is a fundamental concept in computer science that involves arranging data in a


particular order, such as ascending or descending.
Sorting algorithms are essential for organizing data efficiently, which helps improve
performance in tasks like searching and merging.

In this document, we will explain the Selection Sort algorithm, which is a simple but
inefficient sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly finding the minimum element from
the unsorted part of the list and swapping it with the first unsorted element.

2. Explanation of the Algorithm

The Selection Sort algorithm works by selecting the smallest element from the unsorted
portion of the list and moving it to the sorted portion.
This process is repeated for all the elements in the list until the entire array is sorted.

Steps in the Selection Sort Algorithm:

1. Start with the first element of the array.


2. Find the smallest element in the unsorted part of the array (from the current position to
the end).
3. Swap the smallest element with the current element.
4. Move to the next element and repeat steps 2 and 3 until the entire array is sorted.

3. Pseudocode

Here is the pseudocode for the Selection Sort algorithm:

Début
Pour i allant de 0 à n-2
minIdx ← i
Pour j allant de i+1 à n-1
Si tableau[j] < tableau[minIdx]
minIdx ← j
Fin Si
Fin Pour

Si minIdx ≠ i
échanger tableau[i] et tableau[minIdx]
Fin Si
Fin Pour
Fin

4. Visual Representation

Let's consider the following array:

[64, 25, 12, 22, 11]

We will visualize how the array changes during each iteration of the Selection Sort
algorithm:

Step Array State

1 [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]

2 [11, 25, 12, 22, 64]

3 [11, 12, 25, 22, 64]

4 [11, 12, 22, 25, 64]

5 [11, 12, 22, 25, 64]

5. Time Complexity Analysis

The time complexity of Selection Sort is O(n²), where "n" is the number of elements in the
array. This is because the algorithm involves two nested loops:
the outer loop runs `n` times, and the inner loop runs `n-1`, `n-2`, ..., down to 1 times.
6. Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of Selection Sort:


- Simple to understand and implement.
- Does not require additional memory, as it sorts in-place.

Disadvantages of Selection Sort:


- Time complexity is O(n²), making it inefficient for large datasets.
- It is slower compared to other algorithms like QuickSort and MergeSort, especially for
large arrays.

7. Conclusion

In this document, we explained the Selection Sort algorithm, a simple algorithm used to sort
an array by repeatedly selecting the smallest element from the unsorted part of the array
and moving it to the sorted portion.
Despite its simplicity, it is not the most efficient algorithm for large datasets due to its O(n²)
time complexity. Selection Sort is often used in educational contexts to help students
understand basic sorting techniques, though more efficient algorithms are preferred for
practical applications.

8. Code Example (Python)

Here’s an implementation of Selection Sort in Python:

```python
def selectionSort(arr):
for i in range(len(arr)):
min_idx = i
for j in range(i+1, len(arr)):
if arr[j] < arr[min_idx]:
min_idx = j
arr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i]

arr = [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]


selectionSort(arr)
print(arr)
```
Explanation of the Code:
1. We iterate through each element of the array using the outer loop.
2. For each element, we find the minimum element in the unsorted part of the array using
the inner loop.
3. We then swap the found minimum element with the current element.

Final Thoughts

This document serves to demonstrate an understanding of the Selection Sort algorithm.


By explaining the algorithm, showing how it works with examples, analyzing its time
complexity, and providing a code implementation, we have shown a comprehensive grasp
of how the algorithm functions and where it can be applied.

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