Spring Framework Overview

What is Spring Framework?

A comprehensive programming and configuration model for Java-based enterprise applications.

Provides support for creating loosely coupled, easily testable, and maintainable applications.

Known for its dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming capabilities.

Key Features of Spring:

Inversion of Control (IoC) / Dependency Injection (DI): Spring allows developers to manage
application components using containers.

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP): It helps to separate cross-cutting concerns (logging,

transactions) from the core logic.

Spring MVC: A powerful framework for developing web applications using the Model-View-
Controller pattern.

Data Access/Integration: Simplifies JDBC and ORM (like Hibernate), and integrates with JPA for easy
data handling.

Spring Boot: Makes it easy to set up, configure, and run Spring-based applications with minimal
effort and predefined configurations.

Core Concepts of Spring Framework

1. Inversion of Control (IoC):

Definition: A design principle where the control of objects or components is transferred to a

container or framework (Spring).

Dependency Injection (DI): Objects are passed their dependencies (collaborators) by the
container rather than creating them internally.

Types of DI:

Constructor Injection
 Setter Injection

Field Injection (less common but possible)

2. Beans:

Beans are objects that are managed by the Spring IoC container.

Definition: Any object that is configured in the Spring context (via XML, annotations, or Java
configuration) is a Spring bean.

Bean Lifecycle: Initialization (using @PostConstruct , InitializingBean ), and destruction (using

@PreDestroy , DisposableBean ).

3. Spring Container:

The container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of beans.

Two main types:

BeanFactory: Basic container, uses XML to configure beans.

ApplicationContext: More advanced, supports annotations and internationalization, among

other things.

4. AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming):

Separates cross-cutting concerns (e.g., logging, security) from business logic.

Advice Types:

Before: Runs before a method is executed.

After: Runs after a method execution (either normally or due to an exception).

Around: Wraps a method execution (most powerful).

Joinpoint: Points where advice can be applied (usually method execution).

Aspect: A modularization of a concern.

Spring MVC (Model-View-Controller)

What is Spring MVC?
 A web framework for developing Java-based web applications using the Model-View-Controller
pattern.

1. Components:

Model: Represents the data (business logic) of the application.

View: Represents the presentation layer (HTML, JSP, etc.).

Controller: Acts as an intermediary between Model and View, processing user input.

2. DispatcherServlet:

Central to Spring MVC, it acts as the front controller and handles requests, delegating them to
appropriate handlers.

3. Annotations:

@Controller : Marks a class as a Spring MVC controller.

@RequestMapping : Maps a URL to a method.

@GetMapping , @PostMapping : More specific HTTP method mappings.

@ResponseBody : Tells Spring to return the response body as the result.

4. Views and ViewResolvers:

Spring supports a variety of view technologies like JSP, Thymeleaf, and FreeMarker.

ViewResolver: Resolves views and maps logical view names to actual views (like JSP or HTML).

Spring Boot
What is Spring Boot?

A tool built on top of Spring to simplify the setup and configuration of Spring-based applications.

Reduces boilerplate code and configurations with auto-configuration, embedded servers (like
Tomcat), and opinionated defaults.

Key Features of Spring Boot:

1. Auto-configuration: Automatically configures beans based on the project's dependencies.

2. Standalone Application: Includes an embedded web server, so you don’t need to deploy your
application to an external server.

3. Spring Boot Starter Projects: Predefined dependencies for different application types (e.g., web, JPA,
messaging).

4. Application Properties: A simplified way to configure the application with a single file
( application.properties or application.yml ).

5. Actuator: Provides built-in monitoring and management for your application.

Spring Data Access

1. Spring JDBC:

Simplifies database operations by providing templates to interact with databases.

JdbcTemplate: A core class for JDBC operations.

2. Spring ORM:

Integrates Spring with ORM frameworks like Hibernate and JPA for easier data persistence
management.

3. Spring Data JPA:

Simplifies JPA/Hibernate integration using repositories, making data access easier with less
code.

Spring Security
A powerful and customizable authentication and access control framework for Java applications.

Handles common security concerns like login authentication, user roles, CSRF protection, etc.

Uses filters and interceptors to secure applications.

Session Flow for a Spring Framework Session
1. Introduction (10 minutes):

What is Spring?

Overview of Spring's importance in enterprise applications.

2. Core Concepts (20 minutes):

Discuss IoC/DI with examples.

Overview of Spring Beans and Application Context.

3. Spring MVC (20 minutes):

Explanation of the MVC architecture.

Walkthrough of a simple Spring MVC web application using controllers, views, and models.

4. Spring Boot (15 minutes):

What is Spring Boot, and how does it simplify Spring applications?

Demonstrate a simple Spring Boot application.

5. Spring Data & JPA (15 minutes):

Brief overview of Spring Data and its integrations with databases.

6. Spring Security (15 minutes):

Discuss how Spring Security can be used for authentication and authorization.

7. Q&A Session (10 minutes):

Open floor for questions and clarifications.