Assignment 2: Java Programming Concepts

1. Method Overloading

Question: Explain Method Overloading and provide an example in Java.

Theory: Method Overloading allows multiple methods in the same class to have the same name but differe

It is achieved by changing the number of parameters or their types.

Code:

class OverloadingExample {

void display(int a) {

System.out.println("Integer: " + a);

void display(String b) {

System.out.println("String: " + b);

public static void main(String[] args) {

OverloadingExample obj = new OverloadingExample();

obj.display(10);

obj.display("Hello");

// Output:

// Integer: 10

// String: Hello

2. Static

Question: Explain the Static keyword in Java and provide an example.

Theory: The static keyword in Java is used for memory management. It can be applied to variables, method
Static members belong to the class rather than any specific instance.

Code:

class StaticExample {

static int count = 0;

StaticExample() {

count++;

static void showCount() {

System.out.println("Count: " + count);

public static void main(String[] args) {

new StaticExample();

new StaticExample();

StaticExample.showCount();

// Output:

// Count: 2

3. Nesting of Methods

Question: What is Nesting of Methods in Java? Provide an example.

Theory: Nesting of methods refers to calling one method inside another method within the same class.

Code:

class NestingExample {

void outerMethod() {

System.out.println("Outer method");

innerMethod();
 }

void innerMethod() {

System.out.println("Inner method");

public static void main(String[] args) {

NestingExample obj = new NestingExample();

obj.outerMethod();

// Output:

// Outer method

// Inner method

4. Inheritance

Question: Explain Inheritance in Java with an example.

Theory: Inheritance is a mechanism where one class (child) acquires the properties and behaviors of anoth

Code:

class Parent {

void show() {

System.out.println("Parent class");

class Child extends Parent {

void display() {

System.out.println("Child class");

}
public class InheritanceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Child obj = new Child();

obj.show();

obj.display();

// Output:

// Parent class

// Child class

5. Overriding

Question: What is Method Overriding in Java? Explain with an example.

Theory: Method Overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already

Code:

class Base {

void show() {

System.out.println("Base class");

class Derived extends Base {

@Override

void show() {

System.out.println("Derived class");

public class OverridingExample {

Base obj = new Derived();

obj.show();

// Output:

// Derived class

6. Final Keyword, Variable & Methods

Question: Explain the Final keyword in Java and provide an example.

Theory: The final keyword is used to restrict modification. It can be applied to variables (to make them cons

methods (to prevent overriding), and classes (to prevent inheritance).

Code:

class FinalExample {

final int value = 100;

final void show() {

System.out.println("Final method");

public static void main(String[] args) {

FinalExample obj = new FinalExample();

System.out.println("Final variable: " + obj.value);

obj.show();

// Output:

// Final variable: 100

// Final method
7. Finalization

Question: What is Finalization in Java? Explain with an example.

Theory: Finalization is a mechanism where an object's cleanup code is executed before it is garbage collec

Code:

class FinalizationExample {

protected void finalize() {

System.out.println("Object is garbage collected");

public static void main(String[] args) {

FinalizationExample obj = new FinalizationExample();

obj = null;

System.gc();

// Output:

// Object is garbage collected

8. VARARGS

Question: What is VARARGS in Java? Provide an example.

Theory: VARARGS (Variable-Length Arguments) allows passing multiple arguments of the same type to a

Code:

class VarargsExample {

static void display(int... numbers) {

for (int num : numbers) {

System.out.print(num + " ");

}
 System.out.println();

public static void main(String[] args) {

display(1, 2, 3);

display(10, 20, 30, 40, 50);

// Output:

// 1 2 3

// 10 20 30 40 50

9. Abstract and Class

Question: Explain Abstract Class in Java with an example.

Theory: An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and can contain abstract methods (without

Code:

abstract class AbstractExample {

abstract void show();

class ConcreteClass extends AbstractExample {

void show() {

System.out.println("Concrete implementation");

public class AbstractTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

AbstractExample obj = new ConcreteClass();

obj.show();
 }

// Output:

// Concrete implementation

10. Dynamic Method Dispatch

Question: What is Dynamic Method Dispatch? Provide an example.

Theory: Dynamic Method Dispatch is a mechanism where a method call is resolved at runtime based on th

Code:

class ParentClass {

void display() {

System.out.println("Parent display");

class ChildClass extends ParentClass {

void display() {

System.out.println("Child display");

public class DynamicDispatchExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ParentClass obj = new ChildClass();

obj.display();

// Output:

// Child display
11. Visibility Control

Question: Explain Visibility Control in Java.

Theory: Visibility control determines the accessibility of class members using access modifiers: private, pro

Code:

class VisibilityExample {

private int privateVar = 10;

protected int protectedVar = 20;

public int publicVar = 30;

int defaultVar = 40;

void show() {

System.out.println("Private: " + privateVar);

System.out.println("Protected: " + protectedVar);

System.out.println("Public: " + publicVar);

System.out.println("Default: " + defaultVar);

public static void main(String[] args) {

VisibilityExample obj = new VisibilityExample();

obj.show();

// Output:

// Private: 10

// Protected: 20

// Public: 30

// Default: 40