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Database-Architecture

The document outlines the components and architecture of database systems, including the roles of the storage manager and query processor. It describes the two types of database architecture: Two Tier and Three Tier, detailing their structures and functionalities. Key components such as the authorization manager, transaction manager, and various layers in the three-tier architecture are also discussed.

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durairajgeetha318
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2 views

Database-Architecture

The document outlines the components and architecture of database systems, including the roles of the storage manager and query processor. It describes the two types of database architecture: Two Tier and Three Tier, detailing their structures and functionalities. Key components such as the authorization manager, transaction manager, and various layers in the three-tier architecture are also discussed.

Uploaded by

durairajgeetha318
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Architecture

Database Architecture

 Also included as Components of database management or database structure.


 A database system is partitioned into modules that deal with each of the
responsibilities of the overall system.
 Functional components of a database system can be broadly divided into,
o Storage Manager
o Query Processor

Database Architecture / System Structure


1. Disk Storage
 All data or information stored in disk storage
 Various components of disk storage
o Data  Data files which stores the database itself
o Data directory
 It contains meta data  data about data
 Schema of table is an example of meta data
 A database system consults the data directory before reading and
modifying the actual data.
o Indices  It provides fast access to data items that holds particular
values.
o Statistical data  Stores information/statistics of data stored.
2. Storage Manager

 Storage manager is a program module that provide interface between,


o Low level data stored in database and
o Application programs and
o Queries submitted to system.
 Storage manager is responsible for the interaction with file manager.
 Storage manager translates DML statements into low-level file system
commands.
 Storage manager is responsible for
o Storing
o Retrieving
o Updating data in database

Components of Storage manager

a) Authorization and integrity manager


o Checks authority of users accessing the data
o It tests integrity and constraints of data
b) Transaction manager
o It ensures that the database remains in a consistent state despite of failure.
o Concurrent execution in maintained without any conflict.
c) File manager
o It manages allocation of space on disk storage
o Information stored on disk is represented using database.
d) Buffer manager
o It is responsible for fetching data from disk storage into main memory.
o It decides what data to cache the main memory
3. Query processor

 Query processor is an important part of the database system


 It helps the database system to simplify and facilitate access to data.

Various components of Query processor

a) DDL Interpreter
o It interprets DDL statements into low level.
o Records the definition in the data directory.
b) DML Compiler
o It translates DML query statement in query language into low-level
instruction.
o Query evaluation engine understands only low level instruction.
o Query can be translated into many number of evaluation plans which
produces same result.
o Query optimization is picking up the lowest cost evaluation plan among
many alternatives. It is performed by DML compiler.
c) Query evaluation engine
o Executes low level instruction generated by DML compiler.
Database architecture can be of two types,

 Two Tier Architecture


 Three Tier Architecture

Two Tier Architecture

 Usually database application is partitioned into two parts.


 The two-tier is based on Client Server architecture.
 The two-tier architecture is like client server application.
 The direct communication takes place between client and server.
 There is no intermediate between client and server.
Three Tier Architecture

 In Three tier architecture, client machine acts as front end and does not contain
any direct database calls.
 Instead client end communicate with an application server
 Application server in turn communicates with a database system to access data.
Three-tier architecture typically comp comprises a presentation tier, a business or data
access tier, and a data tier. Three layers in the three tier architecture are as follows:
1) Client layer, 2) Business layer
layer, 3) Data layer
1) Client layer:
 It is also called as Presentation layer which containss UI part of our application.
 This layer is used for the design purpose where data is presented to the user or
input is taken from the user.
 For example designing registration form which contains text box, label, button
etc.
2) Business layer:
 In this layer
yer all business logic written like validation of data, calculations, data
insertion etc.
 This acts as an interface between Client layer and Data Access Layer.
 This layer is also called the intermediary layer helps to make communication
faster between client
ient and data layer.
3) Data layer:
 In this layer actual database is comes in the picture.
 Data Access Layer contains methods to connect with database and to perform
insert, update, delete, get data from database based on our input data.

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