Wireless Personal Communications (2024) 139:1499–1513

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11671-6

OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile

Speed Estimation

Amina Darghouthi1 · Abdelhakim Khlifi2 · Belgacem Chibani1 · Hmaied Shaiek3

Accepted: 1 December 2024 / Published online: 19 December 2024

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024

Abstract
The upcoming communication systems most provide high data transmission rates. At
the same time, they have to guarantee an ultra-low power consumption and low latency.
Besides, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), widely used in 4G and 5G
systems, faces significant challenges in high mobility scenarios. Such illness come from
channel’s spreads named delay and Doppler. Consequently, those cons affect various appli-
cations such as vehicular communications and railway networks. To overcome such cons,
it was suggested a noval processing modulation named orthogonal time frequency space
(OTFS). This solution goes perfectly with high mobility situation. Nevertheless, while
OTFS offers similar performance to OFDM in low mobility scenarios, it introduces con-
siderable complexity in equipment design for high mobility scenarios. Given these factors,
a promising approach could be the coexistence of OFDM and OTFS technologies, lever-
aging their respective strengths in 4G and planned 6G systems. This paper proposes an
implementation of an hybrid system. This offers to adopt an alternative strategy, offering
to choose an available waveform as function of user speed’s estimation. This strategy will
permit to any base station to effectively retain the waveform having a few complexity. This
is done with respect to a threshold fixed speed. This hybrid system offers a promising solu-
tion to elevate the capabilities of wireless communication systems in high mobility sce-
narios. The obtained results confirm the viability of this proposed technique.

Keywords User’s speed estimation · OFDM · Complexity · OTFS

* Amina Darghouthi
amina.darghouthi@isimg.tn
Abdelhakim Khlifi
abdelhakim.khlifi@univgb.tn
Belgacem Chibani
abouahmed17@gmail.com
Hmaied Shaiek
hmaied.shaiek@cnam.fr
1
MACS Laboratory, ENIG, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
2
Innov’COM Laboratory, Sup’COM, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
3
CEDRIC / LAETITIA Laboratory, CNAM, Paris, France

Vol.:(0123456789)
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1500 A. Darghouthi et al.

1 Introduction

Ensuring high mobility in upcoming wireless networks poses a substantial challenge. To tackle
this challenge, 4G/5G technologies offer various enhancements matched with high mobility
scenarios. This enables 4G mobile systems to perform smooth handovers at velocities reach-
ing 350 km/h with acceptable QoS [1, 7, 8]. This technology may encounter occasional dis-
ruptions due to the velocities of mobile terminals [2, 7]. In order to accommodate drone appli-
cations, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) needs, and high-speed rail (HSR) requirements, 5G
networks must provide advanced mobility support [1, 7, 8]. This is true up to 500 km/h [2].
One of the major problems in telecommunications is needed for to rightly respect propagation
constraints. This is observed for selective channels. To solve this failure, engineers have used
one effective technique based on multicarrier modulations applying the classical tool named
IFFT [3]. This success of the technique has led to its retention in various communication pro-
tocols, including ( WiMAX, LTE,IEEE 802.11a, and DVB). The OFDM’s ability to transform
a broadband multipath channel. Instead to face only one channel, action become addressed to
manage easier multiple sub channels [2]. Furthermore, the strategic use of a CP in transmis-
sion enables a reduction in the complexity of the terminals by leveraging FFT-based algo-
rithms [2, 3]. For downlink Networks systems, OFDM is widely used as a key modulation
scheme due to its ability to multiplex data symbols onto closely spaced, perfectly orthogonal
subcarriers. This technique offers several advantages, including robustness against multipath
fading and efficient spectrum utilization. However, OFDM is not without its cons. Key chal-
lenges include significant out-of-band (OOB) emissions, a high peak-to-average power ratio
(PAPR), and a notable loss of orthogonality in high-mobility wireless environments [1, 2, 12].
These issues can degrade the overall performance and efficiency of the communication sys-
tem, especially in dynamic and fast-changing scenarios. Addressing these limitations is crucial
for enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of OFDM in modern wireless communications.
A novel modulation strategy called orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS), which operates
in two dimensions, has recently been introduced [13, 14, 18]. One of the key features of this
modulation technique is its use of a set of 2D transforms, namely the symplectic finite Fourier
transform (SFFT) and its inverse (ISFFT) [4, 22]. This can enable OTFS systems achieve full
diversity and surpass OFDM in performance [1, 6–8]. Consequently, OTFS has gained more
traction and is considered a viable option for next generation mobile networks. The objective
is to offer high mobility in Wireless Communication Systems [7, 19–21]. This paper proposes
a novel hybrid system that combines OTFS and OFDM, leveraging mobile speed estimation.
This estimation is performed using a precise device, such as one based on the Jakes’ model,
to accurately determine the speed of objects. We aim to enhance the system’s efficiency and
reduce the number of comparisons required in the search process, thereby accelerating the
algorithm and elevating its overall capability by estimating the user’s speed. The significant
system is influenced by the decision to use either OFDM or OTFS, based on the estimated
user speed. Once the user’s speed is determined, this value can be used to switch between the
two strategies. This approach can be further optimized by defining a speed threshold value
to facilitate the selection process. This approach is specifically tailored to enhance the per-
formance of OFDM and OTFS by adapting the most suitable waveform to the user’s mobil-
ity speed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and the improvements it brings,
we propose an original idea for an innovative coexistence strategy for OTFS and OFDM
schemes. Based on the user’s mobility, an adaptive selection of the most suitable waveform
is performed. The OTFS waveform excels in high mobility scenarios but is hindered by high
processing complexity. Conversely, OFDM is better suited for low mobility scenarios, offering

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OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile Speed… 1501

high efficiency and simplicity [2, 3, 26]. Within its coverage area, users exhibit different
mobility levels, requiring the base station to adapt the waveform to deliver the best Quality of
Service (QoS) for each user based on their speed.[2]. The key contributions of this manuscript
are outlined as follows:

• Introduction of an innovative hybrid system that integrates OTFS and OFDM guided by
user’s velocity estimation.
• Development of a dynamic mechanism for selecting the most suitable waveform based on
user’s mobile estimation.
• Establishment of a speed threshold value to streamline the selection proces.
• Explanation of a velocity estimation process to precisely calculate user speed under Jakes’s
Formula.

The organization of the paper is as follows: Sect. 2 provides a brief overview of the OFDM
and OTFS system models. Section 3 outlines our proposed solution and describes the velocity
estimation method used. The paper concludes with a summary in Sect. 4.
Notation: ⊛ stands for the circular convolution operator.

2 Signal Modeling and System Architectures

2.1 Signal Modeling: OFDM

Data transmission occurs over narrow subcarriers that collectively form the bandwidth. Each
subcarrier M-QAM symbols, which are subsequently presented by an OFDM modulator. Dur-
ing transmission, ISI frequently occurs. To handle this, a CP is inserted between consecu-
tive OFDM symbols. This helps to effectively mitigate ISI and simplify equalization. The CP
length should be greater than the channel delay spread [3, 5, 7, 8]. The use of orthogonal sub-
carriers enables the system to support multiple users simultaneously without compromising
performance. Consequently, this technological advancement enhances the user experience and
optimizes bandwidth utilization throughout the network. The transmission chain is illustrated
in Fig. 1.
A schematic of an OFDM system with MOFDM sub carriers and NOFDM time slots is
assumed. The overall bandwidth occupied by the OFDM signal is determined B = MOFDM by
the number of subcarriers and their spacing T 1 [2, 17]. The frame duration is obviously
OFDM
deduced as Tf = NOFDM TOFDM = NOFDM MOFDM Ts, where TOFDM significant a symbol dura-
tion of OFDM. This duration is equal to MOFDM Ts, where the sampling time is Ts. ⌈We investi-
gate a static multipath channel with a maximum delay 𝜏max spread given by lmax = Tmax [2, 5,
𝜏 ⌉
s
11]. As mentioned earlier, to Suppress ISI and to optimize Channel Equalization, a CP length
LCP = lmax should be at least than or equal to lmax. In our case,we have taken LCP = lmax.
The data symbols are defined as [5, 11, 14]:
XOFDM [m, n], m = 0, ⋅, MOFDM − 1, n = 0, ⋯ NOFDM − 1 (1)
The alphabet A = {a1 , ⋯ , aQ } of size Q for symbols mapped, Where Q is the size of the
symbol alphabet, and each OFDM symbol of XOFDM consists of NOFDM symbols.
The transmitted signal is given by the following expression, as detailed in [5, 7, 9–11,
14]:

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1502 A. Darghouthi et al.

Fig. 1  OFDM system:detailed block diagram

N−1 M−1
∑∑
sOFDM (t) = XOFDM [m, n]gtx (t − nTOFDM )ej2𝜋mΔft (2)
n=0 m=0

Where gtx (t) ≥ 0 for 0 ≤ t ≤ TOFDM denotes the transmit pulse that modulates the continu-
ous-time signal.
The set of basis functions 𝜓(m,n) (t) applied to indicate M-QAM symbol [7, 9–11, 14]:

𝜓(m,n) (t) = gtx (t − nTOFDM )ej2𝜋mΔft , 0 ≤ m ≤ MOFDM , 0 ≤ n ≤ NOFDM (3)

So, we can rewrite equation 2 as [7, 9, 10]:

N−1 M−1
∑∑
sOFDM (t) = XOFDM [m, n]𝜓(m,n) (t) (4)
n=0 m=0

After that, CP extension is then added to signal sOFDM (t)

The received signal can be written as [14–16]:
rOFDM (t) = sOFDM (t) ⊛ h(t) + w(t) (5)
Where w(t) represents centered complex Gaussian white noise.
After CP removal and information symbol demultiplexing, the receiver applies a pulse
shaping window grx (t) ≥ 0 for 0 ≤ t ≤ TOFDM followed by an IFFT operation.

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OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile Speed… 1503

2.2 OTFS: Signal Modeling

We highlight here the significant contribution made by Hadani, the designer of the OTFS
approach [1, 14]. The source creates information and by taking the formerly prepared
QAM symbols, one can apply an OTFS modulation. Specifically,the system model corre-
sponding to the OTFS scheme is depicted in Fig. 2 below [4, 11]:
For a more in-depth explanation, symbols are first transformed from DD domain to the
TF domain.
As described in the literature, the obtained TF domain symbols are then converted by
applying ISFFT. So, we can be written as [11, 14–16]:
NOTFS −1 MOTFS −1
1 � � −j2𝜋( M ml − N nk )
(6)
FT DD
XOTFS [m, n] = √ XOTFS [l, k]e OTFS OTFS

(MOTFS NOTFS ) k=0 l=0

where MOTFS and NOTFS are the number of Delay and Doppler bins in DD domain,
respectively.
Thanks to the Heisenberg Transform, we can write the transmitted signal sOTFS (t) in the
Time domain [11, 14–16]:
NOTFS −1 MOTFS −1
(7)
∑ ∑
FT
sOTFS (t) = XOTFS [m, n]gtx (t − nTOTFS )ej2𝜋lΔf (t−kTOTFS )
n=0 m=0

where,gtx is the transmitter’s pulse of duration MOTFS . It has been shown in [11, 14], and the
TOTFS and Δf are sampling periods and frequency intervals, respectively, in the FT domain.
In communication systems, signals often traverse multiple and diverse routes, leading to a

Fig. 2  Detailed block diagram of OTFS system

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1504 A. Darghouthi et al.

phenomenon called multipath propagation. These alterations manifest as shifts in both the
time and frequency domains.
Under these circumstances, the received signal can be represented as described in [11,
14–16]:

∫ ∫ (8)
rOTFS (t) = h(𝜏, v)ej2𝜋v(t−𝜏)) sOTFS (t − 𝜏)d𝜏dv

where the complex valued Doppler variant channel’s reponse is named as h(𝜏, v), it is char-
acterized by delay and Doppler frequency.
The channel’s impulse response as indicated [14–16]:
P
∑
h(𝜏, v) = hp (𝜏 − 𝜏p )𝛿(v − vp ) (9)
p=1

where 𝛿(.) is defined as the Dirac delta function and P is the number of assumed propaga-
tion paths. Each path is characterized by attenuation hp and 𝜏p and Doppler frequency vp for
the pth path.
l𝜏 kv +Kv
The delay and Doppler value for the pth path is given by 𝜏p = M p Δf and vp = N p T p .
OTFS OTFS OTFS
Where Kvp and l𝜏p represents the indices of Doppler and delay bins in DD domain,
respectively.
By following the procedures in [14–16], the cross-ambiguity function Arx,r (𝜏, v) is used
to generate the FT domain matrix YFT for the received symbols OTFS[m, n].
FT
YOTFS [m, n] = Arx,r (𝜏, v)𝜏=nT
OTFS ,v=m𝛿f
(10)

The SFFT is utilized to acquire the DD domain samples YOTFS

DD
[l, k] such [11, 14]:
NOTFS −1 MOTFS −1
1 � � −j2𝜋( N nk − M ml )
(11)
DD FT
YOTFS [l, k] = √ YOTFS [m, n]e OTFS OTFS

NOTFS MOTFS k=0 l=0

3 Proposed Architecture: OFDM‑OTFS System Coexistence Based

on User’s Velocity Estimation

Extensive investigation has been dedicated to the challenges and vision of 6G [27, 28]. The
primary goal of this work is to assess the various parameters employed for waveform detec-
tion, with a particular focus on the speed of moving objects across different application scenar-
ios, such as urban and rural environments, network density. Several factors have been consid-
ered in the design of waveforms for upcoming networks [30]. For that, the interesting research
topics to explore are Terahertz technology [30], wireless propagation path prediction and
electromagnetic spectrum mapping [29]. These research areas are crucial for the development
of advanced communication systems capable of meeting future performance and reliability
requirements. Several methods can be employed to estimate the velocity of a mobile user, each
with its own advantages and disadvantages. Among the most commonly used methods are
Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT) and Multiple
Signal Classification called MUSIC. Those techniques, with their high resolution, effectively
enable precise Doppler frequency estimation (the user’s velocity). The MUSIC algorithm is

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OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile Speed… 1505

valued for its straightforward implementation and adaptability to diverse scenarios, all while
delivering high resolution. A key strength of MUSIC is its ability to directly visualize its spec-
trum as a radar image, eliminating the need for post-processing the estimated object positions.
This attribute played a crucial role in the selection of MUSIC in [31], in contrast to ESPRIT,
which necessitates additional post-processing to achieve similar outcomes. Additionally, sev-
eral factors have been considered in the design of waveforms for future communication sys-
tems [32]. Among the compelling research topics to explore are terahertz technology [31],
wireless propagation path prediction, and electromagnetic spectrum mapping. While these
methods are highly accurate, they are also computationally intensive. A more straightforward
and computationally efficient option is the autocorrelation method, which leverages the sta-
tistical characteristics of the received signal to determine Doppler frequency. Finally, Jakes’
formula is a statistical model used to describe the Doppler spectrum of a mobile environment,
particularly useful for estimating the top speed of a user [24–26]. For our hybrid system, we
propose using Jakes’ formula. This statistical technique is well-suited for accurately portraying
the Doppler attributes of a mobile environment and assessing the user’s maximum speed. This
procedure allows for the determination of the highest Doppler frequency from the received
signal [25, 26]. Once the Doppler frequency is ascertained, it can be translated to velocity
using the relationship between Doppler frequency and user speed. This approach offers a good
balance between precision and computational complexity, making Jakes’ method particularly
attractive for applications requiring reliable velocity estimation without excessive computa-
tional resources. By incorporating this method into our hybrid design, we can enhance overall
adaptability by dynamically modifying transmission configurations in response to the user’s
estimated velocity, thereby better managing various mobility scenarios, from pedestrians to
users in vehicles. For an observed scene, this can refer to various user mobility situations. In
fact, a mobile user can be a pedestrian or someone making a call in their car, etc. Therefore,
in reference to these various cases, we must consider various speeds ranging from slow to the
fastest. Figure 3 presents an example for different scenario of moving targets detected by a
radar.
Furthermore, the observed signal must be correctly estimated and evaluated. To do so, we
suggest estimating the user’s mobile speed. Assuming that a radar will be used to observe an
interesting scene, this radar will transmit an electromagnetic wave (EM) having a frequency
FT . Such a wave would be reflected by any object located in its line of sight (LOS) direc-
tion. Consequently, a reflected wave, usually named echo, will be returned and captured by the
radar. Unfortunately, the reflected wave differs from the initial transmitted one and a usually
named Doppler shift characterizes the returned wave. That Shift is evaluated as [24–26]:
cos(𝜃)
FD = 2Vobjts (12)
𝜆
It is evident that an angle 𝜃 must be taken into account in equations (12) and (13). Usually,
an angle of arrival (AoA) could be added, must be estimated. That angle means that the
reflected ray could be returned from many directions. The angle of arrival (AoA) ranges
from [−𝜋, 𝜋]. The above equation (12) corresponds perfectly to that proposed rule given in
[24–26]. There, researchers have refered to the Jake’s Formula giving the Speed as:
𝜆
Vp = F = Vmax cos(𝜃) (13)
2 D
After having estimated the speed by taking various directions into account, we will give in
this section our proposed solution. Consequently, this estimation process can be integrated

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1506 A. Darghouthi et al.

Fig. 3  Example of diversified mobility scenarios: OTFS for high and OFDM for low mobility applications

to manage network switching between OFDM and OTFS as it could be performed. After
that, as it would vary the user’s velocity, the operator can select the better infrastructure to
serve the mobile user. The effectiveness of coexisting OFDM-OTFS systems is represented
in a flowchart, as demonstrated in Fig. 4.
Figure 4 depicts two possible scenarios, which lead to choosing one of the process-
ing technologies to satisfy the customer’s request. In low-mobility situations, the system
opts to retain an OFDM processing scheme. However, on highways, like in the vehicular

Fig. 4  Flow chart: OFDM-OTFS

system coexistence based on
user’s velocity estimation

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OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile Speed… 1507

moving EVA example, a high mobility scenario will generally be considered. By the way,
the decider will choose an OTFS strategy. This strategy has been considered and applied in
our work. In fact, based on the user’s mobility speed estimation, we were able to switch our
processor, as must be done. Waveform selection in wireless communication is a vital deci-
sion that can substantially affect the system’s throughput and reliability. For fifth generation
(5G) and beyond networks. Additionally, to the well known OFDM, OTFS is positioned as
a potential candidate for 6G. OFDM has been adopted in 4G networks thanks to its ability
to support high bandwidth, handle multipath channels, and minimize ISI. In addition to
these advantages, OTFS delivers better bandwidth utilization and greater resistance to ISI
and ICI. Nevertheless, the choice between OFDM and OTFS for 5G and beyond commu-
nication networks can be difficult due to the advantages and limitations of each waveform.
We must also take into account how easy or hard the implementation of such technological
equipment’s selection could be. In this switching process, an accurate estimation of the
user’s velocity must be performed to make an appropriate waveform selection for a specific
communication condition. The accuracy in estimating Doppler effects is subject to various
influences, including the probability of error, signal propagation environments, available
bandwidth, and latency requirements [24–26].

4 Simulation Results

To explore the proposed model, we conducted simulations under the conditions listed in
Table 1.
With the provided settings, the simulation findings show that, at low velocities, the
OFDM approach maintains nearly optimal performance that is independent of veloc-
ity. These observations suggest that the error rate remains acceptable for modest veloc-
ity increases. However, as velocity continues to rise, the error rate becomes significantly
higher, impacting overall performance. This inadequate selection of processing tool neces-
sitates reevaluation to propose a more effective tool to mitigate these OFDM limitations.
To illustrate this, it can be observed that for lower speed values (e.g., 10km/h), the BER
reaches values that are 80 times better than those at higher speeds. This can be deduced
from the curves shown in Fig. 5.
As shown in Fig. 6, it is clear that the suitability of the waveform in dynamic envi-
ronments is proven. It is evident that there is no adverse impact on performance under
these conditions when this waveform is used. These observations support the application
of OTFS in high-speed scenarios. However, while OTFS could be utilized at low speeds,

Table 1  Parameters of proposed Parameter Value

architecture
User speed estimation (km/h) Vest 10, 50, 75, 120, 300, 500
Subcarriers per block (MOFDM , MOTFS ) 16
Carrier frequency fc (Hz) 0.95 × 109
Symbols per frame (NOFDM , NOTFS ) 12
Channel power delay profile Extended vehicular A
Δf subcarrier spacing 15 KHz
Modulation 64QAM

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1508 A. Darghouthi et al.

Fig. 5  Speed estimation driven BER performance of OFDM systems

its more complex processing compared to OFDM favors the retention of OFDM due to its
simpler implementation.
All these observations support the choice of this waveform in dynamic environments.
While it could theoretically be applied at low speeds, its processing complexity com-
pared to the other waveform favors retaining the simpler implementation. The BER curves
are superimposed and appear insensitive to user velocity, underscoring the suitability of
this waveform for dynamic environments. Significantly, the results illustrate that a high-
mobility user moving at approximately 500 km/h achieves a similar BER to a low-mobil-
ity user moving at approximately 75 km/h. There is a notable difference in the BERs of
the two waveforms, and selecting the right waveform can be facilitated through a velocity
estimation-based method. Specifically, this technique improves the BER for high-mobil-
ity users through the use of the OTFS waveform, while low-mobility users can utilize the
OFDM waveform. Figure 7 demonstrates that the hybrid scheme outperforms individual
waveforms in high-mobility scenarios and matches OFDM performance in low-mobility
scenarios.
As seen in Fig. 7, the performance of a unified waveform scheme is presented. This
scheme combines the strengths of both waveforms to enhance Bit Error Rate (BER) in
dynamic environments. It has been shown that the hybrid scheme outperforms the use of
either waveform alone. In low-mobility scenarios, the BER of the hybrid scheme closely

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OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile Speed… 1509

Fig. 6  Speed estimation driven BER performance of OTFS systems

matches that of the OFDM waveform. It is important to note that the effectiveness of the
proposed architecture significantly relies on the choice of suitable parameters, such as sub-
carrier spacing and the delay-Doppler grid size. Additionally, the implementation complex-
ity of a hybrid scheme exceeds that of employing one waveform alone. This could present
challenges in certain practical applications.

5 Conclusion

Finally, we can draw conclusions about this research effort. Our work has been focused on
the study of a waveform that has gained significant recognition in recent years for its poten-
tial to meet the demands of high-mobility users. The OTFS waveform has been specifically
tailored to handle the complexities presented by dynamic environments, where traditional
waveforms like OFDM may struggle. In this study, we have proposed a switching method
between different waveforms to more effectively handle the user’s mobility. This approach
allows the system to dynamically select the most suitable waveform based on the user’s
speed, thereby optimizing performance. Our observations and discoveries have directed us

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1510 A. Darghouthi et al.

Fig. 7  BER performance of OFDM-OTFS coexistence

to adopt the most fitting strategy based on the user’s speed. The conclusions of our analysis
are highly positive and strongly endorse our proposed approach. Particularly, we have iden-
tified the significant benefits of implementing an alternating procedure in actual deploy-
ments. The results of our study are highly satisfying and strongly support our proposed
idea. In particular, we have noted the significant advantages of implementing a alternating
procedure in actual systems. This adaptive approach ensures that the system can make use
of the strengths of both OTFS and OFDM, depending on the mobility scenario. Moreover,
there is potential for further enhancement. More advanced strategies could be developed to
make the switching process more flexible and even automatic, based on additional crite-
ria beyond just user speed. This could include factors such as channel conditions, network
load, and user requirements. Planning for such automatic switching procedures could yield
a promptly designed and more efficient process. In summary, our research has confirmed
the viability and benefits of an OTFS-OFDM system coexistence with a dynamic switching
strategy. This approach not only enhances performance in dynamic environments but also
offers a flexible and adaptable solution for upcoming wireless networks.

Author Contributions Amina Darghouthi designed the model. Amina Darghouthi, Abdelhakim Khlifi, and
Belgacem Chibani performed the analysis and wrote the manuscript. Belgacem Chibani and Hmaied Shaiek
were in charge of overall direction and planning.

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OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile Speed… 1511

Data Availability not applicable.

Declarations
Conflict of interest not applicable.

Ethical Approval not applicable.

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law.

Amina Darghouthi was born in Tozeur Tunisia, in 1993. Doctoral stu-

dent researcher in electrical engineering at the National Engineering
School of Gabes (Tunisia). Member of the Research Laboratory Mod-
eling, Analysis and Control Systems-MACS-LR16ES22 (www.macs.
tn). She received her national diploma of the M.S. degree in Electron-
ics and Telecommunications from the Higher Institute of Computer
Science and Multimedia of Gabes (Tunisia) in 2019.

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OTFS vs OFDM Waveforms Switching Use based on Mobile Speed… 1513

Abdelhakim Khlifi is an assistant professor at the National Engineering

School of Gabes (ENIG) since 2017. He received the Engineer degree
from the ENIG in 2007. He obtained the master and PhD from the
National Engineering School of Tunis (ENIT) respectively in 2010 and
2015. He is a member researcher at Innov’COM Laboratory at
Sup’COM Tunisia. His teaching activities are in the fields of signal
processing, digital communications and mobile networks. His main
research activities focus on performances analysis of various wave-
forms, PAPR reduction and channel estimation.

Belgacem Chibani is an Associate Professor in CSIE (Computer Sci-

ences & Information Engineering). He joined the National Engineer-
ing High School at Gabes named (ENIG) where he is actually
employed since Septemer1991. After a Doctorate Thesis earned at the
National Engineering High School at Tunis (ENIT), he received the
Ph.D. degree from ENIG, University of Gabes, Tunisia in 1992. He is
a member of the Research Laboratory MACS at ENIG as activities
supervisor dealing with Signal Processing and Communications
Research field. Currently, his research areas cover Signal Processing
and Mobile Communications. He is currently working with the Uni-
versity of Gabes. His research interests include Information and Signal
Processing, Communications Engineering. He has published a number
of papers on international regular organized conferences and journals
(e.g., CESA, IFAC, Autumn, Spring, A2I and Summer Schools). He is
a member of Communications Engineering staff at ENIG. He has been
serving as a Program Committee Member dealing with Communica-
tions for a number of top national schools and activities.

Hmaied Shaiek is an associate professor at the Conservatoire National

des Arts et Métiers SITI School, France. He received the Engineer
degree from the National Engineering School of Tunis in 2002, and the
master’s degree from the University de Bretagne Occidentale in 2003,
and the Ph.D. degree from the Lab-STICC CNRS Team, Telecom
Bretagne, in 2007. He was with Canon Inc., until 2009 and left the
industry to integrate with the Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Brest, as
a Lecturer, from 2009 to 2010. In 2011, He joined the CNAM, as an
Associate Professor in electronics and signal processing. His teaching
activities are in the fields of analog and digital electronics, microcon-
trollers programming, signal processing and digital communications.
His main research activities focus on performances analysis of multi-
carrier modulations with nonlinear power amplifiers, PAPR reduction,
and power amplifier linearization. He contributed to the FP7
EMPHATIC (www.ict-emphatic.eu/) European project and was
involved in two national projects: ACCENT5 and WONG5 (www.
wong5.fr), funded by the French National Research Agency.

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