IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

8, Issue 3, 2020 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Remote Controlled Aircraft for Surveillance

Amit Adarsh1 Kumar Saket2 Santosh Nishad3 Dileep Kumar4
1,2,3
Student 4Assistant Professor
1,2,3,4
Department of Mechanical Engineering
1,2,3,4
Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bengaluru, India
Abstract— Now Requirement of system which can monitor, mechanical output. Initially the motor generates enough
Surveillance and react to the situation appropriately based thrust for the aircraft to take off from the ground. Once the
on requirements in military and civil application. This main landing gear loses the contact with the ground surface
technology will be able to provide solutions for infiltrations the controller starts wing corrections with the help of
in border areas, collect information, transmit data back to ailerons. After the aircraft gains enough altitude it is leveled
the base camp. this system Also plays a very important role off and bought into the cruise phase. After achieving the
in civil sectors, for collecting deep forest, deep see, and objectives of the flight, the aircraft is bought in to a halt by
Arial data for weather predictions and other research works landing procedure.
Technology has been upgraded and updated from past many
decades’ time to time. Even as the world powers are II. OBJECTIVES
concentrating more on research and developments in
− To provide an unarmed aerial vehicle (UAV) which are
Defense sector, a Military and a civil based technological
highly efficient, low cost, environment friendly
development is in dew. RC controlled surveillance aircraft
surveillance.
will be a completely new concept which can be termed as
− The stated objective is achieved by designing the UAV
multipurpose drone for various on ground, air and water
and then developing physical model capable for desired
surveillance and other requirements.
mission.
Keywords: Surveillance; RC Controlled Surveillance
Aircraft − After the design and analysis of the UAV, fabrication of
an aircraft will be done which can be used by military
for surveillance.
I. INTRODUCTION
Technology has been upgraded and updated from past many III. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
decades time to time, nevertheless there is a striving
requirement for more advancements in the coming near A. Materials
future. Even as the world powers are concentrating more on Materials used for the fabrication of RC controlled aircraft is
research and developments in Defense sector, a Military and tabulated below.
a civil based technological development is in dew. The RC Sl.
Material Specification
controlled aircraft is a state of art cutting edge technology No.
that can be used for Military as well as civil based 1. BLDC 1000 kv ,4000 rpm
applications depending upon the requirement in different 2. ESC 30 amps
sectors. It is an all-weather and all terrain system capable of Radio transceiver 6
countering rough and rugged situations. Earlier there has 3. 2.4 ghz
channel
been very little research done on such a technology which is 4. Lithium Battery 12volt 2200 mill amps
a very important requirement in different sectors. RC 5. Servo motor 6 nos 9 grm digital
controlled surveillance aircraft will be a completely new 6. Propeller 10x4.5inch
concept which can be termed as multipurpose drone for 7. Charger B6 100 w
various on ground, air and water surveillance and other 8. Depron sheet 5mm thickness
requirement.
9. Covering film 2mm
A radio-controlled aircraft (often called RC aircraft
Action Camera 1080p
or RC plane) is a model aircraft that is controlled remotely, 10. camera
resolution
typically with a hand-held transmitter and a receiver within
11. Transmitter
the craft. Piloting a RC plane is like controlling your own air
strike force. You are in complete control and awaiting 1) BLDC motor
commands. If you are interested in electronics or mechanical A brushless DC motor (also known as a BLDC motor or BL
devices, the advanced designs and components of RC planes motor) is an electronically commuted DC motor which does
will fascinate you. Flying radio-controlled planes is actually not have brushes. The controller provides pulses of current
quite an exhilarating hobby. RC planes encompass a number to the motor windings which control the speed and torque of
of different areas of excitement, both technical and artistic. the synchronous motor.
No other hobby allows you to become involved in so many These types of motors are highly efficient in
diverse skills and topics, such as woodworking, electronics, producing a large amount of torque over a vast speed range.
small motors, aerodynamics and the great outdoors. In brushless motors, permanent magnets rotate around a
fixed armature and overcome the problem of connecting
A. Working Principle: current to the armature. Commutation with electronics has a
Signal inputs are given from the transmitter to the onboard large scope of capabilities and flexibility. They are known
receiver. The receiver converts the input signals into for smooth operation and holding torque when stationary.

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 Remote Controlled Aircraft for Surveillance
(IJSRD/Vol. 8/Issue 3/2020/106)

5) Lithium Polymer Batteries

Li-poly batteries are also gaining favor in the world of
Radio-controlled aircraft as well as Radio-controlled cars
where the advantages of both lower weight and greatly
increased run times can be sufficient justification for the
price. However, lithium polymer-specific chargers are
required to avoid fire and explosion.

Fig. 1: BLDC Blade

2) ESC
An Electronic Speed control or ESC is an electronic circuit
that controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor. It
may also provide reversing of the motor and dynamic
braking. Miniature electronic speed controls are used in
electrically powered radio controlled models. Full-size Fig. 4: Lithium battery
electric vehicles also have systems to control the speed of B. Methodology
their drive motors.
The design methodology is based on the literature survey
3) Servo Motor
which involves the collection of various industrial data,
A Servo is a small device that has an output shaft. This shaft
ergonomics, economics and choosing of the proper feasible
can be positioned to specific angular positions by sending
type with the application of mathematical formulae. The
the servo a coded signal. As long as the coded signal exists
design Methodology is as follows:
on the input line, the servo will maintain the angular
position of the shaft. As the coded signal changes, the
angular position of the shaft changes.

Fig. 2: Servo motor

4) Transmitter
A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the
aid of an antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such
as radio, television, or other telecommunications. When
talking about rc transmitter modes we are referring to how
the transmitter is set up to control the airplane which sticks
operate which controls on the model.

Fig. 5: Block diagram of an RC Controlled plane

1) Deciding the Aircraft’s maximum take-off weight:
The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) or maximum gross
takeoff weight (MGTOW) or maximum takeoff mass
(MTOM) of an aircraft is the maximum weight at which the
pilot is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or
other limits Some of these requirements can only be met by
specifying a maximum weight for the aircraft, and
demonstrating that the aircraft can meet the requirement at
Fig. 3: Transmitter

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 Remote Controlled Aircraft for Surveillance
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all weights up to, and including, the specified maximum. should light steady meaning it is bound to the
These requirements include: transmitter.
− Structural requirements – to ensure the aircraft structure If the test failed, repeat this process.
is capable of withstanding all the loads likely to be
imposed on it during maneuvering by the pilot, and IV. FABRICATION
gusts experienced in turbulent atmospheric conditions.
− Performance requirements – to ensure the aircraft is
capable of climbing at an adequate gradient. Total
weight including payload W = 2 kg.
2) Wings Structure and construction
− Rib Thickness = 2mm
− Rib Spacing = 12.5cm
− Wing Dihedral Angle = 4 degrees
− Materials used for construction
− 2mm Acro plywood.
− 2mm Balsa wood.
− 5mm polonium wood. Fig. 7: completed fabricated model
− 5mm foam board.
− Heat shrinking plastic for aircraft skin.
3) Software description
− Software Arduino IDE
− Program in “C” embedded system
4) Structure

Fig. 8: View of Aileron & Elevator

Fig. 6: Model of RC Aircraft

5) Building RF transmitter and receiver
− Install the battery to the 2.4 GHz transmitter, and turn it Fig. 9: Positioning of Servo Motor Controlling the
off. movement of Elevators
− Insert the binding plug into the BAT port of the
receiver. Connect the ESC to Channel 3, or an external
battery (5vdc) to any one of the other channels.
− observing +/- polarity. Power up the receiver using the
external battery, or connecting the main battery to the
ESC. The LEDs should start to flash.
− Press and hold the lower left button on the transmitter,
and then switch on the transmitter's power switch.
− Observe the LED lights on the receivers (main and
satellite). Once the LEDs stop flashing, the receiver is
bound to the transmitter. It will take about 10 seconds
Fig. 10: Positioning of Servo Motor Controlling the
(or less) for the binding process to complete.
movement of right Aileron
− Release the match button on the transmitter. Remove
power from the receiver, and turn off the transmitter.
− Remove the receiver binding plug. Connect your servos
and other channels as described in.
− Test by turning on the receiver without pressing the
match/bind switch. Power the receiver, and the LEDs

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VI. FUTURE SCOPE

− Across many different industries, drones represent a
whole host of opportunities. Such is the potential of this
tech that the market for drones is expected to reach
$100 billion in the next five years, with a billion drones
predicted to be inhabiting our skies by 2030.
− There are a huge array of companies investigating the
possible impact of drones upon their industries,
including retail giants like Walmart and Amazon, as
well as tech companies like Google.
Fig. 11: Connection of Servo motor to Wing of the Aircraft − Retail: Delivery by drone is one of the most common
perceived uses for drones in the future, although some
companies are looking to take this concept even further,
with Walmart and Amazon warehouse. The large
blimp-like UAV proposed by both companies would
travel at around 500-1000 feet above ground, launching
smaller drones to deliver goods straight to your
doorstep.
− Transportation: Drones also represent immense promise
in the transport industry too, with this tech predicted to
replace around $13 billion worth of human labour and
Fig. 12: Attachment of brushless DC Motor & fan blade business services by 2020.This is due, in part, to the
innovation of flying taxis, with several companies
exploring this technology, such as Ehang Corp in
China, and Volocopter, who will be trialling two-seater
drone taxis in Dubai this year.
− Search and rescue: While drones have only just started
to be used in search and rescue missions, so far they
have helped to save 59 people from life-threatening
situations, according to DJI, the world’s leading
manufacturer of UAVs. A drone recently saved two
swimmers in Australia, and similar ‘lifeguard drones’
are being trialled in New Zealand, which would help
spot surfers in trouble, and come to their aid with
floatation devices.
− Agriculture: Drones are already being utilised in the
agricultural industry to help monitor vast farmland,
analyse soil samples, and even herd cattle. The uses of
drones in agriculture could expand even more in the
future, with researchers currently working on insect-
sized drones in Japan. These tiny drones would be used
to pollinate plants, using horse hairs and a sticky ionic
Fig. 13: Addition of extra weight for balancing center of
gel to move pollen between flowers.
gravity
REFERENCES
V. CONCLUSION
[1] "Air Force officials announce remotely piloted aircraft
− The RC controlled aircraft for surveillance developed is
pilot training pipeline", www.af.mil, 9 June 2010.
more efficient and robust in nature compared to its
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contemporaries.
Drone Kills 13". New York Times.
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conditions. The biggest advantage is that it is Vehicles – The Force Multiplier of the 1990s".
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useful to military and civil police, monitor fields with characterized by the three Ds: dull, dirty, and
the help of Wi-Fi camera too. To ensure a high-quality dangerous.
product, diagrams and lettering must be either [5] Says, Robert Kanyike. "History of U.S. Drones".
computer-drafted. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
[6] Boddington, David (2004). Radio-controlled Model
Aircraft .Crowood Press.

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[7] Example of BNF Planes at Model flight. Archived from

the original on 2015-12-08.
[8] Paul K. Johnson (2009-01-21). "Engineering RC
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Airfield Models. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
[9] FAI. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29.
[10] UK Radio Control Council - UKRCC - UHF band
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[11] OfW 311 - Radio-controlled models - Ofcom.
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[12] "FCC Part 97 Amateur Radio Service - Rule 97.215,
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[13] RC-Network.de Fernsteuerfrequenzen für den
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modeling - Germany) - "Am 31.12.2008 endet die
Betriebserlaubnis für Fernsteuerungen im
Frequenzbereich 433 MHz!" (As of 12/31/2008, RC use
of the 433 MHz bands ends in Germany!).

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