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Functions and Graph Part 1

The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, defining a relation as a set of ordered pairs and a function as a relation where each domain element corresponds to exactly one range element. It outlines four ways to represent functions: verbally, numerically, visually, and algebraically, and provides methods to determine the domain and range of functions. Additionally, it includes steps for solving the domain of equations and exercises for identifying functions and their domains.

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Jhames Harvey
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5 views26 pages

Functions and Graph Part 1

The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, defining a relation as a set of ordered pairs and a function as a relation where each domain element corresponds to exactly one range element. It outlines four ways to represent functions: verbally, numerically, visually, and algebraically, and provides methods to determine the domain and range of functions. Additionally, it includes steps for solving the domain of equations and exercises for identifying functions and their domains.

Uploaded by

Jhames Harvey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Functions and Graphs

Part 1
Relation
is a rule, a relationship, or
correspondence between
sets of information.
Relation
is a rule, a relationship, or correspondence between sets of
information.

Examples:
• A relation between the name of a student and his/her
weight
• An item in a store with its price
• A child with his/her parent
Relation
•Mathematically, a relation is a set of
ordered pairs where each entry in the
pair comes from a specific set.
•The set of the first coordinates is
called the domain and the set of the
second coordinates is the range.
Function
Is a relation wherein for every
element in the domain there
corresponds one and exactly
one element in the range.
Four Ways of Representing a Function
Verbally: by a description of words
Numerically: by a table of values
Visually: by a graph
Algebraically: by an explicit formula
Representation of Function or Not
Functions

Verbally Verbally
Numerically Use Arrow Diagram,
No repeated x-values
Visually Vertical Line Test
Algebraically Input-Output Testing
Function or Not

𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4
Function or Not

𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4
Function or Not

2
(𝑥 − 1) = 4(𝑦 − 6)
Function or Not

𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
Determining the Domain and Range
for Set of Ordered Pairs
𝐴= 1,2 , 3,4 , 5,6
𝐷 = 1, 3, 5
𝑅 = {2, 4, 6}
Determining the Domain and Range
for a Graph
• Visually
Determining the Domain and Range
Algebraically
• The domain of a given relation may be defined
in a given equation implicitly or explicitly. If the
domain is not defined explicitly, then it is the set
of all values of x for which the dependent value
of y will not be undefined or imaginary.
• The range is the set of resulting values of y for
the elements in the domain.
How to define Domain and Range?
Set Notation
𝐷= 𝑥𝑥∈ℝ
𝐷 = 𝑥 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 3
𝐷 = ℝ − {3}
𝐷= 𝑥𝑥≥3
𝐷 = 𝑥 −3 < 𝑥 < 5
Interval Notation
𝐷 = (−∞, +∞)
𝐷 = (−∞, 3) ∪ (3, +∞)
𝐷 = [3, +∞)
𝐷 = [−3, 5]
Determining the Domain and Range
2
𝑦 =𝑥 −1

𝐷 = (−∞, ∞)
𝐷= 𝑥 𝑥∈ℝ

𝑅 = [−1, ∞)
𝑅 = 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ −1}
Determining the Domain and Range
2
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 < 0

𝐷 = 𝑥 𝑥 < 0}
𝐷 = (−∞, 0)

𝑅 = (−1, ∞)
𝑅 = 𝑦 𝑦 > −1}
Determining the Domain and Range
𝑦=𝑥

1
𝑦=
2𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑥+1
Steps in Solving for the Domain
1. In the given equation, solve for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.
2. The domain is composed of all values of 𝑥 for which the value of 𝑦
will not be undefined or imaginary.
𝑁(𝑥)
a. If the equation leads to 𝑦 = , set 𝐷(𝑥) to zero and solve for all the
𝐷(𝑥)
values of 𝑥 such that 𝐷(𝑥) = 0. The Domain is the set of all real numbers
except the set containing 𝑥 where 𝐷(𝑥) = 0.
b. If the equation leads to 𝑦 = 𝑛 𝑅(𝑥), where 𝑛 is a positive even integer,
then the domain is the set of all 𝑥 such that 𝑅 𝑥 ≥ 0.
3. Check if both cases (2.a) and (2.b) appear, i.e. the denominator is of
the form 𝐷 𝑥 = 𝑛 𝑅(𝑥). The domain is then the set of all 𝑥 such
that 𝑅(𝑦) > 0.
𝑦=𝑥
1
𝑦=
2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥+1
Exercise: Identify if 𝑦 is a function of 𝑥 and
determine the domain algebraically using both set
notation and interval notation.
1 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
𝑦= − = 1
3 + 4𝑥 4 9
𝑦 = 𝑥+7 (𝑥 − 2
3) = 4(𝑦 − 3)
1
𝑦=
𝑥−4

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