Introduction to Cloud Computing

Lê Ngọc Sơn – lnson@fit.hcmus.edu.vn

2025
 Content
• The Cloud Computing Phenomenon
• What is Cloud Computing ?
• Cloud Computing Characteristics
• Cloud service models
• Cloud deployment models
• The evolution of Cloud
• Benefits of Cloud
• Challenges of Cloud Adoption
• Major cloud services Providers
• Case studies of Cloud Computing

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 The Cloud Computing Phenomenon

• Significant Adoption Across Organizations

• Cloud computing adoption is rising rapidly across
industries.
• Organizations of all sizes leverage cloud technologies for
efficiency, scalability, and cost savings.
• A Leading "Disruptive" Technology
• Recognized as a game-changer in the IT landscape.
• Transforms traditional IT infrastructure, making it more
flexible and accessible.
• Driving Business Model Optimization and Innovation
• Enables businesses to optimize operations, reduce
costs, and improve agility.
• Fosters innovation by providing tools for AI, machine
learning, big data, and IoT.
• Supports the creation of new revenue streams and
digital-first business models.

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What is cloud computing ?

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Cloud Characteristics

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 On-demand Self-sevice tự phục vụ theo yêu
cầu

• Services are consumed on an as-needed basis

without the need for human assistance from the
Cloud Service Provider.
• Organizations provision resources such as servers,
storage, or web applications when needed.
• Organizations can provision resources by using
their own internal IT staff without relying on the
Cloud Service Provider’s staff.

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Broad Network Access

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 Resource Pooling tổng hợp tài nguyên

• Cloud service providers:

• Pool network, storage, and compute
capabilities.
• Allocate these pooled resources to customers
on demand.
• Take advantage of the economy of scale.

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 Rapid Elasticity

• Scale computing resources—such as storage,

processing power, or memory—up or down quickly
and efficiently, based on the current demand.

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 Dịch vụ đo lường
Measured Services
sử dụng
• Cloud resource utilization is carefully metered
by cloud service providers.
Thanh • Billing for cloud resources is based on actual
toán
use of the resources.

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Cloud Service models

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SaaS

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PaaS

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IaaS

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 XaaS

Catch-all phrase for any technology solutions that

are moved to the cloud or that exhibit the same pay-
as-you-go subscription model as the three primary
cloud service models.

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Cloud deployment models

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 Private Cloud

Tại chỗ
Lưu trữ bên ngoàihybrid cloud

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Community Cloud

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Hybrid Cloud

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 The evolution of cloud compting

1. Pre-Cloud Era (1950s-1990s)

1950s-1970s: Foundation Era
• Mainframe Computing (1950s-1960s)
• Large, centralized computers in dedicated data centers
• IBM dominated the mainframe market
• Time-Sharing Systems (1960s-1970s)
• Multiple users could access mainframe resources simultaneously
• UNIX development began at Bell Labs (1969)
1980s-1990s: Distributed Computing
• Client-Server Architecture (1980s)
• Personal computers became widespread
• Local Area Networks (LANs) enabled resource sharing
• Distributed computing concepts emerged
• Early Virtualization (1990s)
• VMware founded (1998)
• First x86 virtualization products released (1999)
• Internet Service Providers (1990s)
• Web hosting services emerged
• Early Application Service Providers (ASPs) appeared
• Telecommunications companies began offering Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 20
 The evolution of cloud compting

2. Birth of Modern Cloud Computing (1999-2006)

• Early Innovations
• 1999:
• Salesforce launches as one of the first successful SaaS
companies
• VMware introduces virtual machine technology for x86
systems
• 2000-2001:
• Early grid computing projects gain traction
• Concept of utility computing resurfaces
• 2002:
• Amazon Web Services launches with initial web services
• First basic storage and computation services offered
• 2006:
• Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) launches
• Modern cloud computing era officially begins
• Pay-as-you-go compute resources become available

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The evolution of cloud compting

3. Cloud Computing Growth (2007-2014)

• Major Platform Launches
• 2007-2008:
• Google Docs becomes free to all users
• Google App Engine launches (2008)
• Eucalyptus, first open-source AWS-compatible platform, releases
• 2009-2010:
• Microsoft Azure launches (initially as Windows Azure)
• OpenStack project begins
• Rackspace launches Cloud Servers product
• 2011-2012:
• Google Cloud Platform launches
• IBM SmartCloud Enterprise debuts
• Oracle Cloud launches
• Technology Advances
• 2013-2014:
• Docker containerization technology released (2013)
• AWS Lambda introduces serverless computing (2014)
• Major providers begin rapid service expansion
• Cloud storage prices begin dramatic decline 22
The evolution of cloud compting

4. Maturation Era (2015-2019)

• Cloud-Native Technologies
• Container Orchestration
• Kubernetes released by Google (2015)
• Container adoption accelerates
• Microservices architecture becomes mainstream
• DevOps Integration
• CI/CD pipelines become standard
• Infrastructure as Code (IaC) gains prominence
• Automation tools proliferate
• Industry Consolidation
• Market leaders emerge clearly:
• AWS dominates market share
• Microsoft Azure establishes strong enterprise presence
• Google Cloud Platform gains traction
• Enterprise adoption accelerates
• Hybrid cloud models mature

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The evolution of cloud compting

Modern Era (2020-Present)

• Current Trends
• Multi-Cloud Strategy
• Organizations leverage multiple cloud providers
• Cloud-agnostic tools become essential
• Focus on avoiding vendor lock-in
• Edge Computing
• Processing moves closer to data sources
• 5G enables new edge use cases
• IoT drives edge computing adoption
• AI/ML Integration
• Cloud providers offer comprehensive AI services
• Machine learning becomes more accessible
• AI-optimized infrastructure emerges

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Key benefits of Cloud Computing

sự nhanh nhẹn trong kinh doanh

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 Key Benefits of Cloud Computing

phân tích dữ liệu

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Key Challenges in Cloud Computing

sự phụ thuộc của nhà cung cấp

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Key Challenges in Cloud Computing

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AWS

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Azure

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 Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

3. Google Cloud Platform Top Companies using

•Twitter
Google Cloud Platform was launched in 2008 with the introduction of App •Spotify
Engine, marking its entry into the Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) market. Over the •HSBC
years, GCP has expanded into a comprehensive cloud service provider, •PayPal
delivering a wide range of services to compete with AWS and Microsoft Azure. •Snap Inc.
•Etsy
Known for its expertise in data analytics and machine learning, GCP has •Target
established itself as a leader in these areas. Google’s ongoing innovations, such •ShareChat
as the introduction of BigQuery and Vertex AI, have further strengthened its •L’Oréal
position in the cloud industry. •AccuWeather
• GCP operates in 38 regions globally, serving 200+ countries, ensuring reliable
and low-latency performance.
• Committed to sustainability with carbon-neutral energy and renewable
energy initiatives in its data centers.
• Offers a wide range of services, including Compute, Storage, Databases, AI &
Machine Learning, Networking, Big Data, Developer Tools, IoT, and
Kubernetes Engine.
• Seamlessly integrates with other Google services like Workspace and Android
development tools.
• Provides a 90-day free trial and a generous free tier for new customers.
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 Other Cloud Providers

• IBM Cloud
Provides a full stack cloud platform with over 170 products and services covering data, containers, AI, and blockchain. IBM
Cloud is noted for its enterprise-grade solutions and strong emphasis on security.
• Oracle Cloud
Offers integrated cloud applications and platform services, including database services, enterprise applications, and
infrastructure solutions. Oracle Cloud is known for its robust database services and enterprise solutions
• Alibaba Cloud
Provides a comprehensive suite of global cloud computing services, including elastic computing, data storage, and big data
processing. Alibaba Cloud is a leading cloud provider in the Asia-Pacific region
• Salesforce
Specializes in customer relationship management (CRM) software and applications focused on sales and customer service.
Salesforce is renowned for its CRM solutions and cloud-based applications.
• RackSpace Technology
Offers multi-cloud solutions, including cloud migration, management, and optimization services. Rackspace is known for its
managed cloud services and support across various cloud platforms.
• VMware Cloud
Provides cloud infrastructure and management services, enabling businesses to run, manage, and secure applications across
clouds and devices. VMware Cloud is recognized for its virtualization technologies and hybrid cloud solutions.

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 Case studies of Cloud Computing

Netflix – Global Video Streaming Service

• Challenge: Scaling to support millions of users while maintaining high availability and performance.
• Solution:
• Migrated to Amazon Web Services (AWS) to leverage scalability and redundancy.
• Used EC2 instances for compute and S3 for storage.
• Outcome:
• Achieved seamless scaling during peak demand (e.g., new series releases).
• Enhanced global content delivery using AWS’s Content Delivery Network (CDN).

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 Case studies of Cloud Computing

Coca-Cola – Marketing and Analytics

• Challenge: Analyzing massive amounts of data for targeted marketing campaigns.
• Solution:
• Deployed on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
• Used BigQuery for data analytics and Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) for scalable applications.
• Outcome:
• Gained insights into customer behavior for personalized campaigns.
• Reduced data processing time significantly.

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 Case studies of Cloud Computing

Zoom – Video Conferencing Platform

• Challenge: Scaling rapidly to meet unprecedented demand during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Solution:
• Partnered with AWS for elastic scaling of compute and network resources.
• Used Azure for additional cloud capacity.
• Outcome:
• Handled exponential growth in daily users (from 10M to 300M in 2020).
• Maintained reliability and performance under pressure.

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 Case studies of Cloud Computing

General Electric (GE) – Industrial IoT

• Challenge: Managing and analyzing massive industrial data from IoT devices.
• Solution:
• Built its Predix platform on Microsoft Azure.
• Integrated Azure IoT services for real-time analytics.
• Outcome:
• Improved operational efficiency by analyzing machine performance.
• Enabled predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and costs.

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 Case studies of Cloud Computing

The Weather Company – Forecasting and Analytics

• Challenge: Processing vast amounts of weather data in real-time for accurate forecasting.
• Solution:
• Migrated to IBM Cloud.
• Used cloud-based analytics tools and IoT platforms.
• Outcome:
• Delivered precise, real-time weather forecasts.
• Enhanced decision-making for industries like aviation and logistics.

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