Course Topics
Course Topics
Development and Concerns of Metrology Need for better measurements; determine and describe the differences between resolution, accuracy, precision; calibration; Type A Uncertainty, Type B Uncertainty; review questions
Standards and Standardization Working standards, check standards, international standards, levels of standard accuracies; accuracy ratio between levels of calibration pyramid: requirements of traceability: metrology standardization documents; review questions
Managing the Metrology System When a metrology system is needed; components of a metrology system; periodic calibration; determining period, fixed time intervals or other means, measurement assurance; record keeping, categories on a good record keeping form, computer record keeping programs, record stickers; documented procedures; components of a procedure, standardization documents, ISO and QS9000, ANSI Z-540, ISO 25, Malcolm Baldrige, training; components of a training program, records, review questions
Making Good Measurements: Elements of a Measurement System Measuring instrument (calibration); calibration pyramid, relating the instrument to the national standard; unit under test; preparation of the UUT; fixture or jig setup; measuring procedure; operator; analysis of measured data; display of final analyzed result; measurement assurance, isolating errors, capability study, gage R & R; review questions
Units and Measurement Instruments Length; rulers, height gages, optical comparators, micrometer/calipers, metrology laser, others: roundness, squareness, flatness, surface finish, area, volume, Mass: balances (single-pan, dual pan, electronic) Time: electronic counters, atomic clocks, Temperature; thermometers (liquid-in-glass, metallic stem, thermostats, electrical thermometric, thermistors) flow; flowmeters (rotation, pressure drop, positive displacement) electrical quantities; DC voltages (meters), resistance (multimeters), DC current, AC measures, review questions
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11
Measurement
Uncertainty
Components
Sources
of
Uncertainty
Essentials
of
Expressing
Measurement
Uncertainty
Definitions,
Evaluating,
Distributions;
Uniform,
Triangular,
Nominal,
Combining,
Expanded,
Examples
Specification
Coverage
Factors,
Confidence
Limits
Correlation,
Reporting
Uncert;
Manufacturer,
User,
Capabilities
Statement,
Traceability
Risk
Analysis
Introduction
Quantification,
Consumer
vs
Producer,
Approximation
Methods,
Measurement;
Average
Quality
Level,
Distribution,
Bias,
TUR,
Guardband
Limits,
Interval
Width,
Delta
Specification
Limit,
EOP%
Intolerance
Related
Statistical
Tools
PMAP,
Process
Capability,
Gage
R
&
R,
ANOVA,
Models
for
Measurement
Uncertainty
Analysis,
Sample
Plans,
Structure
of
Random
Samples,
Reverse
Standards
Standards
Background
and
list
of
member
organizations
NIST-1297,
ISO-GUM,
NASA
Software
Features
and
Benefits;
ISG,
Compaq,
Dikken,
Boeing,
Gage
R
&
R
Features
and
Benefits
Statistics,
JMP,
Minitab
Summary
Developing
a
Company
Specific
Uncertainty
Guide
to
Measurement
Uncertainty
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Fiber
Optics
Fiber
Optics
Background
Definition
of
Fiber
Optics
,
FO
Data
links,
History,
FO
Systems
Fiber
Optics
Concepts
FO
light
transmission,
Propagation
of
light,
Properties
of
light,
Transmission
of
light
through
Optical
Fibers
Optical
Fibers
and
Cables
FO
and
cable
design,
Fibers
and
cables
Optical
Splices,
Connectors
and
Couplers
FO
connections,
Optical
fiber
coupling
loss,
Splices,
Connectors,
Couplers
Fiber
Optic
Measurement
Techniques
FO
measurements
Optical
Sources
and
Fiber
Optic
Transmitters
Introduction,
Semiconductor
light-emitting
diodes
and
Laser
diodes,
FO
transmitters
Optical
Detectors
and
Fiber
Optic
Receivers
Introduction
,
Optical
detector,
Semiconductor
photodiodes,
FO
receivers
Fiber
Optic
Links
FO
system
topology,
Link
classification,
System
design
and
installation
19
20
21
22
23
CMMs
Content
Partners:
Renishaw
Review
of
Basic
Concepts
and
Vocabulary
Basic
CMM
Measurements
Sampling
Issues
Probing
Systems
Basic
CMM
Accuracy
and
Specifications
Thermal
Effects
CMM
Calibration
Measurement
Uncertainty
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Uncertainty
Management
Introduction
Communicating
about
measurements
and
measurement
equipment
What
is
a
Specification?
Why
do
we
need
specifications?
The
use
of
specifications
in
measurement
and
metrology
The
form(s)
taken
by
specification
Some
examples
of
specifications
of
measuring
equipment
How
to
read
and
interpret
specifications
The
importance
of
specifications
in
calibration
What
it
means
to
be
in
or
out
of
spec.
Practice
reading,
interpreting,
calculating
What
is
a
Tolerance?
How
are
tolerances
stated?
What
is
the
difference
between
a
tolerance
and
a
specification?
Some
examples
of
tolerances
of
measuring
equipment
How
to
read
and
interpret
tolerances
The
importance
of
tolerances
in
calibration
What
it
means
to
be
in
or
out
of
tolerance
Practice
reading,
interpreting,
calculating
Measurement
Uncertainty
(this
is
not
a
full
treatment,
just
an
intro
in
context)
Definitions
(in
context)
of
measures
of
measurement
reliability
and
quality
Accuracy
Precision
Resolution
Repeatability
and
Reproducibility
Traceability
How
do
these
definitions
fit
with
specifications
and
tolerances?
Special
cases:
floor
specs,
%
of
full
scale
vs
%
of
reading,
ppm,
values
near
zero
Calculation
of
measurement
uncertainty
budgets
Converting
specifications
and
tolerances
to
uncertainty
Practice
calculating
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32
Interval
Analysis
BONUS:
INTERVAL
ANALYSIS
CALCULATOR
TOOL
INCLUDED!!
The
requirement
for
Interval
Analysis
Definitions
associated
with
Interval
Analysis
Statistics
associated
with
with
Interval
Analysis
Basic
Statistics
Statistical
techniques
Reliability
Models
Implementing
Interval
Analysis
Reliability
Targets
&
Measurement
Risk
Data
Conditioning
Equipment
Groups
Analyzing
Data
and
reviewing
Reliability
Model
Interval
Analysis
Methods
Adjustment
Methods
Economics
of
Interval
Analysis
Implementation
Methods
Interval
Extensions
33
Proficiency
Testing
BONUS:
INTERVAL
ANALYSIS
CALCULATOR
TOOL
INCLUDED!!
Introduction
to
Proficiency
Testing
Justification
for
Proficiency
Testing
participation
Standards
associated
with
Proficiency
Testing
Basic
Statistics
in
Proficiency
Testing
Measurement
Uncertainty
Considerations
in
Proficiency
Testing
Proficiency
Testing
schemes
(with
examples
for
testing
and
calibration
laboratories)
Proficiency
Testing
Data
Interpretation
and
Analysis
(with
examples)
Simple
implementation
of
Measurement
Assurance
Programs
(MAP)
within
the
laboratory
Measurement
Uncertainty
(this
is
not
a
full
treatment,
just
an
intro
in
context)
Definitions
(in
context)
of
measures
of
measurement
reliability
and
quality
Accuracy
Precision
Resolution
Repeatability
and
Reproducibility
Traceability
How
do
these
definitions
fit
with
specifications
and
tolerances?
Special
cases:
floor
specs,
%
of
full
scale
vs
%
of
reading,
ppm,
values
near
zero
Calculation
of
measurement
uncertainty
budgets
Converting
specifications
and
tolerances
to
uncertainty
Practice
calculating
34