Python on the Web

Put the Fun Back into Development

Armin Ronacher
@mitsuhiko lucumr.pocoo.org

What is it?

fun

oriented object

dynamic

functional

.py

community focused

ped ly ty rong st

widely used

Who uses it?

And those are just the websites

Why?

Platforms? all*
*Win32, OS X, Linux, BSD, Symbian, Android

License? BSD-ish

Price? Free

Is it fast? fast enough

Is it reliable? NASA / banks use it

Why not $lang?

Parsing an Apache Logfile

with Python

The Logfile Format

.86 - - [20/Nov/2011:01:10:35 +0100] "GET /feed.atom HTTP/1.0" 200 25965 3.147 - - [20/Nov/2011:01:10:49 +0100] "GET /feed.atom HTTP/1.1" 304 153 3.35 - - [20/Nov/2011:01:10:50 +0100] "GET /2008/1/23/no HTTP/1.0" 404 4 6.211 - - [20/Nov/2011:01:10:50 +0100] "GET /feed.atom?_qt=data HTTP/1.1

with open('/var/log/apache2/access.log') as f: for line in f: ...

import re

with open('/var/log/apache2/access.log') as f: for line in f: match = re.search(r' "\w+ (.*?) HTTP/', line) if match is None: continue print match.group(1).split('?')[0]

import re from collections import defaultdict counts = defaultdict(int) with open('/var/log/apache2/access.log') as f: for line in f: match = re.search(r' "\w+ (.*?) HTTP/', line) if match is None: continue counts[match.group(1).split('?')[0]] += 1

import re from collections import defaultdict counts = defaultdict(int) with open('/var/log/apache2/access.log') as f: for line in f: match = re.search(r' "\w+ (.*?) HTTP/', line) if match is None: continue counts[match.group(1).split('?')[0]] += 1 for url, count in counts.items(): print '%s (%d times)' % (url, count)

import re from collections import defaultdict from heapq import nlargest counts = defaultdict(int) with open('/var/log/apache2/access.log') as f: for line in f: match = re.search(r' "\w+ (.*?) HTTP/', line) if match is None: continue counts[match.group(1).split('?')[0]] += 1 most_common = nlargest(5, counts.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]) for url, count in most_common: print '%s (%d times)' % (url, count)

import re from collections import defaultdict from heapq import nlargest counts = defaultdict(int) with open('/var/log/apache2/access.log') as f: for line in f: match = re.search(r' "\w+ (.*?) HTTP/', line) if match is None: continue counts[match.group(1).split('?')[0]] += 1 most_common = nlargest(5, counts.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]) for url, count in most_common: print '%s (%d times)' % (url, count)

Parsing an Apache Logle

with Java

import import import import import import

java.io.FileInputStream; java.io.DataInputStream; java.io.BufferedReader; java.util.Map; java.util.HashMap; java.util.regex.Pattern;

class LogParser { public static void main(String[] args) { try { String filename = "/var/log/apache2/access.log"; FileInputStream fstream = new FileInputStream(filename); DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(fstream); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); try { Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(" \"\\w+ (.*?) HTTP/"); String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { Matcher m = p.matcher(line); if (!m.find()) continue; String url = m.group(0).split("\\?")[0]; if (counts.containsKey(url)) counts.put(url, counts.get(url) + 1); else counts.put(url, 1); } } finally { fstream.close(); } Map.Entry<String, Integer> items[] = counts.entrySet().toArray(); items.sort(new Comparator() { int compareTo(Map.Entry<String, Integer> a, Map.Entry<String, Integer> b) { return b.getValue().compareTo(a.getValue()); } }); for (int i = 0; i < Math.min(5, items.length); i++) { Map.Entry<String, Integer> item = items[i]; System.out.println(item.getKey() + " (" + item.getValue() + " times)"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

Productivity++

To The Web

The Frameworks
Django Flask Pyramid Zope/Plone

The Stack

CSS

JavaScript

HTML

Browser

HTTP

Your App

Web Server

Python

WSGI

Framework

Y U NO SIMPLE?

Flask
http://flask.pocoo.org/

Step 0 Install virtualenv

$ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv $ sudo easy_install virtualenv For windows: http://bit.ly/easy-install-windows

Step 1 Create Environment

$ virtualenv my-app $ . my-app/bin/activate > my-app\Scripts\activate.bat

Step 2 Install Flask

$ pip install Flask

Step 3 Hello World

from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def index(): return 'Hello World!' if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()

Step 4 Run!

$ python hello.py * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/

What we like:

Develop locally Isolated environments Persistent execution Automatic code reloading Kick-ass debugging Logic / UI separation

If it crashes

Pastebin

Step 0 Overview

General Purpose Pastebin Users can sign in with Facebook Authenticated users can delete their entries Authenticated users can list their entries Flask, Flask-OAuth, Flask-SQLAlchemy

Step 0 Overview
/pastebin /static /style.css /templates /layout.html /new_paste.html /delete_paste.html /my_pastes.html /pastebin.py Project Folder Static Files Templates

The Application

Step 1 Install Extensions

$ pip install Flask-OAuth Flask-SQLAlchemy

Step 2 Imports

from datetime import datetime from flask import Flask, request, url_for, redirect, g, session, \ abort, render_template from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from flask.ext.oauth import OAuth

Step 2 Imports

from datetime import datetime from flask import Flask, request, url_for, redirect, g, session, \ abort, render_template from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from flask.ext.oauth import OAuth

Step 2 Imports

from datetime import datetime from flask import Flask, request, url_for, redirect, g, session, \ abort, render_template from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from flask.ext.oauth import OAuth

Step 2 Imports

from datetime import datetime from flask import Flask, request, url_for, redirect, g, session, \ abort, render_template from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from flask.ext.oauth import OAuth

Step 3 Setup
app = Flask(__name__) app.config.update( SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='sqlite:///pastebin.db', SECRET_KEY='development-key' ) db = SQLAlchemy(app) oauth = OAuth() facebook = oauth.remote_app('facebook', base_url='https://graph.facebook.com/', request_token_url=None, access_token_url='/oauth/access_token', authorize_url='https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth', consumer_key='<consumer key here>', consumer_secret='<consumer secret here>', request_token_params={'scope': 'email'} )

Step 3 Setup
app = Flask(__name__) app.config.update( SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='sqlite:///pastebin.db', SECRET_KEY='development-key' ) db = SQLAlchemy(app) oauth = OAuth() facebook = oauth.remote_app('facebook', base_url='https://graph.facebook.com/', request_token_url=None, access_token_url='/oauth/access_token', authorize_url='https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth', consumer_key='<consumer key here>', consumer_secret='<consumer secret here>', request_token_params={'scope': 'email'} )

Step 3 Setup
app = Flask(__name__) app.config.update( SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='sqlite:///pastebin.db', SECRET_KEY='development-key' ) db = SQLAlchemy(app) oauth = OAuth() facebook = oauth.remote_app('facebook', base_url='https://graph.facebook.com/', request_token_url=None, access_token_url='/oauth/access_token', authorize_url='https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth', consumer_key='<consumer key here>', consumer_secret='<consumer secret here>', request_token_params={'scope': 'email'} )

Step 3 Setup
app = Flask(__name__) app.config.update( SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='sqlite:///pastebin.db', SECRET_KEY='development-key' ) db = SQLAlchemy(app) oauth = OAuth() facebook = oauth.remote_app('facebook', base_url='https://graph.facebook.com/', request_token_url=None, access_token_url='/oauth/access_token', authorize_url='https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth', consumer_key='<consumer key here>', consumer_secret='<consumer secret here>', request_token_params={'scope': 'email'} )

Step 3 Setup
app = Flask(__name__) app.config.update( SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='sqlite:///pastebin.db', SECRET_KEY='development-key' ) db = SQLAlchemy(app) oauth = OAuth() facebook = oauth.remote_app('facebook', base_url='https://graph.facebook.com/', request_token_url=None, access_token_url='/oauth/access_token', authorize_url='https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth', consumer_key='<consumer key here>', consumer_secret='<consumer secret here>', request_token_params={'scope': 'email'} )

Step 4 Database Schema

class Paste(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) code = db.Column(db.Text) pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) def __init__(self, user, code): self.user = user self.code = code self.pub_date = datetime.utcnow() class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) display_name = db.Column(db.String(120)) fb_id = db.Column(db.String(30), unique=True) pastes = db.relationship(Paste, lazy='dynamic', backref='user')

Step 4 Database Schema

class Paste(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) code = db.Column(db.Text) pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) def __init__(self, user, code): self.user = user self.code = code self.pub_date = datetime.utcnow() class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) display_name = db.Column(db.String(120)) fb_id = db.Column(db.String(30), unique=True) pastes = db.relationship(Paste, lazy='dynamic', backref='user')

Step 4 Database Schema

class Paste(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) code = db.Column(db.Text) pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) def __init__(self, user, code): self.user = user self.code = code self.pub_date = datetime.utcnow() class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) display_name = db.Column(db.String(120)) fb_id = db.Column(db.String(30), unique=True) pastes = db.relationship(Paste, lazy='dynamic', backref='user')

Step 4 Database Schema

class Paste(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) code = db.Column(db.Text) pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) def __init__(self, user, code): self.user = user self.code = code self.pub_date = datetime.utcnow() class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) display_name = db.Column(db.String(120)) fb_id = db.Column(db.String(30), unique=True) pastes = db.relationship(Paste, lazy='dynamic', backref='user')

Step 4 Database Schema

class Paste(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) code = db.Column(db.Text) pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) def __init__(self, user, code): self.user = user self.code = code self.pub_date = datetime.utcnow() class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) display_name = db.Column(db.String(120)) fb_id = db.Column(db.String(30), unique=True) pastes = db.relationship(Paste, lazy='dynamic', backref='user')

Step 4 Database Schema

class Paste(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) code = db.Column(db.Text) pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) def __init__(self, user, code): self.user = user self.code = code self.pub_date = datetime.utcnow() class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) display_name = db.Column(db.String(120)) fb_id = db.Column(db.String(30), unique=True) pastes = db.relationship(Paste, lazy='dynamic', backref='user')

Step 4 Database Schema

class Paste(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) code = db.Column(db.Text) pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) def __init__(self, user, code): self.user = user self.code = code self.pub_date = datetime.utcnow() class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) display_name = db.Column(db.String(120)) fb_id = db.Column(db.String(30), unique=True) pastes = db.relationship(Paste, lazy='dynamic', backref='user')

Step 5 Authentication

@app.before_request def check_user_status(): g.user = None if 'user_id' in session: g.user = User.query.get(session['user_id']) @facebook.tokengetter def get_facebook_oauth_token(): return session.get('fb_access_token')

Step 5 Authentication

@app.before_request def check_user_status(): g.user = None if 'user_id' in session: g.user = User.query.get(session['user_id']) @facebook.tokengetter def get_facebook_oauth_token(): return session.get('fb_access_token')

Step 5 Authentication

@app.before_request def check_user_status(): g.user = None if 'user_id' in session: g.user = User.query.get(session['user_id']) @facebook.tokengetter def get_facebook_oauth_token(): return session.get('fb_access_token')

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login') def login(): return facebook.authorize(callback=url_for('facebook_authorized', next=request.args.get('next') or request.referrer or None, _external=True)) @app.route('/logout') def logout(): session.clear() return redirect(url_for('new_paste'))

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login') def login(): return facebook.authorize(callback=url_for('facebook_authorized', next=request.args.get('next') or request.referrer or None, _external=True)) @app.route('/logout') def logout(): session.clear() return redirect(url_for('new_paste'))

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login') def login(): return facebook.authorize(callback=url_for('facebook_authorized', next=request.args.get('next') or request.referrer or None, _external=True)) @app.route('/logout') def logout(): session.clear() return redirect(url_for('new_paste'))

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login') def login(): return facebook.authorize(callback=url_for('facebook_authorized', next=request.args.get('next') or request.referrer or None, _external=True)) @app.route('/logout') def logout(): session.clear() return redirect(url_for('new_paste'))

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 5 Authentication
@app.route('/login/authorized') @facebook.authorized_handler def facebook_authorized(resp): next_url = request.args.get('next') or url_for('new_paste') if resp is None: return redirect(next_url) session['fb_access_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') me = facebook.get('/me') user = User.query.filter_by(fb_id=me.data['id']).first() if user is None: user = User() user.fb_id = me.data['id'] db.session.add(user) user.display_name = me.data['name'] db.session.commit() session['user_id'] = user.id return redirect(next_url)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def new_paste(): if request.method == 'POST' and request.form['code']: paste = Paste(g.user, request.form['code']) db.session.add(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('new_paste.html') @app.route('/<int:paste_id>') def show_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) return render_template('show_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/<int:paste_id>/delete', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def delete_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) if g.user is None or g.user != paste.user: abort(401) if request.method == 'POST': if 'yes' in request.form: db.session.delete(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('new_paste')) else: return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('delete_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/<int:paste_id>/delete', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def delete_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) if g.user is None or g.user != paste.user: abort(401) if request.method == 'POST': if 'yes' in request.form: db.session.delete(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('new_paste')) else: return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('delete_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/<int:paste_id>/delete', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def delete_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) if g.user is None or g.user != paste.user: abort(401) if request.method == 'POST': if 'yes' in request.form: db.session.delete(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('new_paste')) else: return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('delete_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/<int:paste_id>/delete', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def delete_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) if g.user is None or g.user != paste.user: abort(401) if request.method == 'POST': if 'yes' in request.form: db.session.delete(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('new_paste')) else: return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('delete_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/<int:paste_id>/delete', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def delete_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) if g.user is None or g.user != paste.user: abort(401) if request.method == 'POST': if 'yes' in request.form: db.session.delete(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('new_paste')) else: return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('delete_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/<int:paste_id>/delete', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def delete_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) if g.user is None or g.user != paste.user: abort(401) if request.method == 'POST': if 'yes' in request.form: db.session.delete(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('new_paste')) else: return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('delete_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/<int:paste_id>/delete', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def delete_paste(paste_id): paste = Paste.query.get_or_404(paste_id) if g.user is None or g.user != paste.user: abort(401) if request.method == 'POST': if 'yes' in request.form: db.session.delete(paste) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('new_paste')) else: return redirect(url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id)) return render_template('delete_paste.html', paste=paste)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/my-pastes') def my_pastes(): if g.user is None: return redirect(url_for('login', next=request.url)) pastes = Paste.query.filter_by(user=g.user).all() return render_template('my_pastes.html', pastes=pastes)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/my-pastes') def my_pastes(): if g.user is None: return redirect(url_for('login', next=request.url)) pastes = Paste.query.filter_by(user=g.user).all() return render_template('my_pastes.html', pastes=pastes)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/my-pastes') def my_pastes(): if g.user is None: return redirect(url_for('login', next=request.url)) pastes = Paste.query.filter_by(user=g.user).all() return render_template('my_pastes.html', pastes=pastes)

Step 6 View Functions

@app.route('/my-pastes') def my_pastes(): if g.user is None: return redirect(url_for('login', next=request.url)) pastes = Paste.query.filter_by(user=g.user).all() return render_template('my_pastes.html', pastes=pastes)

Step 7 Templates
<!doctype html> <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %} | Flask Pastebin</title> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}"> <div class=page> <h1>Flask Pastebin</h1> <ul class=nav> <li><a href="{{ url_for('new_paste') }}">New Paste</a> {% if g.user %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('my_pastes') }}">My Pastes</a> <li><a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Sign out ({{ g.user.display_name }})</a> {% else %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Sign in with Facebook</a> {% endif %} </ul> {% block body %}{% endblock %} </div> layout.html

Step 7 Templates
<!doctype html> <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %} | Flask Pastebin</title> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}"> <div class=page> <h1>Flask Pastebin</h1> <ul class=nav> <li><a href="{{ url_for('new_paste') }}">New Paste</a> {% if g.user %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('my_pastes') }}">My Pastes</a> <li><a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Sign out ({{ g.user.display_name }})</a> {% else %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Sign in with Facebook</a> {% endif %} </ul> {% block body %}{% endblock %} </div> layout.html

Step 7 Templates
<!doctype html> <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %} | Flask Pastebin</title> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}"> <div class=page> <h1>Flask Pastebin</h1> <ul class=nav> <li><a href="{{ url_for('new_paste') }}">New Paste</a> {% if g.user %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('my_pastes') }}">My Pastes</a> <li><a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Sign out ({{ g.user.display_name }})</a> {% else %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Sign in with Facebook</a> {% endif %} </ul> {% block body %}{% endblock %} </div> layout.html

Step 7 Templates
<!doctype html> <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %} | Flask Pastebin</title> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}"> <div class=page> <h1>Flask Pastebin</h1> <ul class=nav> <li><a href="{{ url_for('new_paste') }}">New Paste</a> {% if g.user %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('my_pastes') }}">My Pastes</a> <li><a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Sign out ({{ g.user.display_name }})</a> {% else %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Sign in with Facebook</a> {% endif %} </ul> {% block body %}{% endblock %} </div> layout.html

Step 7 Templates

{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}New Paste{% endblock %} {% block body %} <h2>New Paste</h2> <form action="" method=post> <div class=code><textarea name=code cols=60 rows=18></textarea></div> <p><input type=submit value="New Paste"> </form> {% endblock %}

new_paste.html

Step 7 Templates

{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}New Paste{% endblock %} {% block body %} <h2>New Paste</h2> <form action="" method=post> <div class=code><textarea name=code cols=60 rows=18></textarea></div> <p><input type=submit value="New Paste"> </form> {% endblock %}

new_paste.html

Step 7 Templates

{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}New Paste{% endblock %} {% block body %} <h2>New Paste</h2> <form action="" method=post> <div class=code><textarea name=code cols=60 rows=18></textarea></div> <p><input type=submit value="New Paste"> </form> {% endblock %}

new_paste.html

Step 7 Templates
{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}Delete Paste #{{ paste.id }}{% endblock %} {% block body %} <h2>Delete Paste #{{ paste.id }}</h2> <form action="" method=post> <p>Are you sure you want to delete the paste? You cannot undo this. <p> <input type=submit name=yes value=Yes> <input type=submit name=no value=No> </form> {% endblock %}

delete_paste.html

Step 7 Templates
{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}My Pastes{% endblock %} {% block body %} <h2>My Pastes</h2> <ul> {% for paste in pastes %} <li><a href="{{ url_for('show_paste', paste_id=paste.id) }}">#{{ paste.id }}</a> from {{ paste.pub_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d @ %H:%M') }} {% endfor %} </ul> {% endblock %}

my_pastes.html

Step 8 CSS
body { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body, input { font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; } .page { margin: 50px auto; width: 740px; } h1 { margin: 0; font-weight: normal; color: #c00; } a { color: black; } a:hover { color: #c00; } .nav { margin: 0 0 20px 0; list-style: none; padding: 0; } .nav li { display: inline; } .nav li + li:before { content: " // "; } h2 { font-weight: normal; margin: 0; } dl { overflow: auto; font-size: 14px; } dl dt { font-weight: bold; width: 90px; float: left; clear: left; } dl dd { float: left; margin: 0; padding: 0; } pre, textarea { font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; font-size: 14px; background: #eee; padding: 0; margin: 0; } textarea { border: none; width: 720px; } .code, .flash { background: #eee; margin: 10px -30px; padding: 10px 30px; }

Step 9 Flashing

{% for message in get_flashed_messages() %} <p class=flash>{{ message }} {% endfor %}

Step 9 Flashing

from flask import flash @app.route('/logout') def logout(): session.clear() flash('You were logged out') return redirect(url_for('new_paste'))

Demo

Debugging

Interactive Shell

?
These slides: http://lucumr.pocoo.org/talks/