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MatLab API To C++

This document discusses how to use the MatLab API in C++. It allows number crunching to be done in C++ for speed while utilizing MatLab for its matrix operations and plotting functionality. It describes setting up the environment by adding library paths and files. Methods are presented for interacting with MatLab by sending data, calling functions, and generating DLLs. Techniques are provided for inputting and outputting data between C++ and MatLab using mxArray matrices. Passing arrays and matrices between the two languages while handling their different storage formats is also covered. Example code demonstrates key capabilities.

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124 views21 pages

MatLab API To C++

This document discusses how to use the MatLab API in C++. It allows number crunching to be done in C++ for speed while utilizing MatLab for its matrix operations and plotting functionality. It describes setting up the environment by adding library paths and files. Methods are presented for interacting with MatLab by sending data, calling functions, and generating DLLs. Techniques are provided for inputting and outputting data between C++ and MatLab using mxArray matrices. Passing arrays and matrices between the two languages while handling their different storage formats is also covered. Example code demonstrates key capabilities.

Uploaded by

luis262010
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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MatLab API in C++

Christopher Dabney

Purpose

MatLab

is an interpreted scripting language

conversion to object code is at runtime; computation time can be a little slow

has excellent prototyping and plotting functionality contains convenient and very robust matrix operation packages

Purpose (cont)

C++

is a programming language, optimal and with high speed floating point computation is non-trivial to produce visual effects in

eg. plotting, GUIs, nice tables

can be difficult to secure a robust vector algebra package for

Purpose (cont)

Solution: C++ invoking MatLab commands


number crunching in C++ matrix operations in MatLab plotting, graphing, tables in MatLab

For programmers with a robust & complex C++ program intending to plot results they are already obtaining For MatLab programming with scripts which frequently lag

Interacting with MatLab

Not restricted to C++; Java, Perl, Fortran, and other languages can do it also Not restricted to the MS Visual Studio environment the demos are written in Also possible to invoke a C++ routine from MatLabs environment
Three ways to interact

We will use the first one

Send Data from C++ to MatLab Call a MatLab function from C++ Generate a Dynamic Link Library (dll) file from a .m file

Demo Requirements

A C++ Compiler

the demo uses MS Visual C++ v.6.0 the demo uses MatLab v.7.0.1

MatLab

Assumes prior programming experience in both MatLab and C++

no explanations are given for the commands

Following slides explain setting up the demonstration program environment

Setting up the Environment


Creating

paths to MatLab:

- Tools -> Options - Directories Tab - Select "Include files" from the drop-down list - Add "C:\MATLAB701\EXTERN\INCLUDE" to the list - Select "Library Files" from the drop-down list - Add C:\MATLAB701\EXTERN\LIB\WIN32\MICROSOFT\MSVC60

Library paths vary depending on the language and compiler

Screenshot

Setting up the Environment (cont)

Two ways to include the appropriate library files:


Method 1) - Project -> Settings
- Links Tab Under "Object/Library Module:", add three file names: - Libmx.lib - libmex.lib - libeng.lib

Method 2) Add the following lines of code just under the


includes in the source code:
#pragma comment( lib, "Libmx.lib" ) #pragma comment( lib, "libmex.lib" ) #pragma comment( lib, "libeng.lib" )

Screenshot

Connecting to MatLab Engine

Header: #include <engine.h>, MatLabs Engine In the program, create a pointer to it:
Engine *m_pEngine; m_pEngine = engOpen(NULL); if (m_pEngine == NULL) { cout << "Error: Not Found << endl; exit(1); }

Invoking Commands

engEvalString(Engine* ptr, string cmd);


engEvalString(m_pEngine, x = 1:1:10); ); engEvalString(m_pEngine, y = x.^2; ); engEvalString(m_pEngine, plot(x,y); );

Enables programmer to invoke any command in MatLab from the C++ platform (convenient) Not special by itself - might as well work straight from MatLab

IO between C++ and MatLab

Use the matrix array mxArray data type Every variable in MatLab is a matrix for C++ to exchange data with it, a data type that both C++ and MatLab recognize is needed mxArray can bundle C++ variables as matrices, so both platforms recognize this data type

Inserting Values (input)

To pass a variable, eg. x[0], into MatLab, create an mxArray for it - Allocate the space (mxCreateDoubleMatrix) - Copy the value (memcpy) - Name the variable in the Engine (engPutVariable)
double x[0]; mxArray *m_X; m_X=mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1, 1, mxREAL); memcpy((void *)mxGetPr(m_X), (void *)x, sizeof(double)*1); engPutVariable(m_pEngine, "x", m_X);

Pointer m_pEngine is used to specify the engine Variable x in the MatLab Engine gets the value of x[0] in C++

Extracting Values (output)

To extract the MatLab Engines variable z, pull it into C++ as a mxArray matrix, then extract the bundled value out of that mxArray and into a C++ variable
double *cresult; mxArray *mresult; mresult = engGetVariable(m_pEngine,"z"); cresult = mxGetPr(mresult); cout << cresult[0];

mxGetPr returns a pointer to a copy of the double value

z stored in the MatLab Engine Warning: Unpredictable fatal errors occur if the data type in MatLab doesnt closely resemble the data type in C++ eg. Copying a 3x1 vector into a scalar

Passing Arrays & Matrices

To pass arrays (vector), adjust the size parameters of the memory allocation and copy routine to match the dimensions of the array being passed Pass a vector a of dimensions: 1 x SIZE
double a[SIZE]; mxArray *A; // assume a gets initialized, all values A=mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1, SIZE, mxREAL); memcpy((void *)mxGetPr(A), (void *)a, sizeof(double)*SIZE); engPutVariable(m_pEngine, "a", A);

Copies entire C++ array a into the MatLab Engines a

Passing Arrays & Matrices (cont)

Pass a matrix of dimensions: SIZE x SIZE


double c[SIZE][SIZE]; // assume c gets initialized, all of it mxArray *mxc; mxc = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(SIZE, SIZE, mxREAL); memcpy((void *) mxGetPr(mxc), (void *)c, sizeof(double)*SIZE*SIZE); engPutVariable(m_pEngine, "c", mxc); engEvalString(m_pEngine, "c = c';");

Note: C++ has row-major storage, and MatLab has column-major storage. Thus a matrix being exchanged must be transposed, either before or after the exchange, to maintain the matrixs semantics

See the Demos Program

Demonstrates all of these features so far in Microsoft Visual Development Studio C++ v.6.0 Demonstrates graph plots, invoking commands, input, output, and passing vectors and matrices.

Internet References

Welcome to Zhenwang's Homepage (Q&A)

http://www.sfu.ca/~zyao/teaching/ensc488faq.htm

A Tutorial to Call MATLAB Functions from Within A C/C++ Program

http://prism.mem.drexel.edu/Shah/public_html/c2matlab.htm

Microsoft Visual Studio C++ & Interfacing Matlab with C/C++, Java

http://www.qcf.gatech.edu/academic/LabDataAccess/C++IntroductionMatLab.In terfacings.doc

MatLab The Language of Technical Computing, External Interfaces

http://www.mathworks.com.au/access/helpdesk/help/pdf_doc/matlab/apiext.pdf

Questions?

Thank You

No MatLab matrices were harmed in the making of this presentation.

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