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Object Oriented Programming (OOP) - CS304 Power Point Slides Lecture 25

The document discusses overriding member functions in derived classes in C++. It explains that a derived class can override a base class's member functions by providing a function with the same signature. Overriding changes the behavior of a function in the derived class, while overloading defines multiple functions within the same class. Examples demonstrate overriding to either change or extend the original function's behavior. Pointer types must match the static or dynamic type when calling overridden functions. Inheritance relations between classes form a hierarchy that distinguishes direct from indirect base classes.

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Sameer Hane
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65 views28 pages

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) - CS304 Power Point Slides Lecture 25

The document discusses overriding member functions in derived classes in C++. It explains that a derived class can override a base class's member functions by providing a function with the same signature. Overriding changes the behavior of a function in the derived class, while overloading defines multiple functions within the same class. Examples demonstrate overriding to either change or extend the original function's behavior. Pointer types must match the static or dynamic type when calling overridden functions. Inheritance relations between classes form a hierarchy that distinguishes direct from indirect base classes.

Uploaded by

Sameer Hane
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Lecture No.

25

Overriding Member Functions of Base Class


Derived class can override the member functions of its base class To override a function the derived class simply provides a function with the same signature as that of its base class

Overriding
Parent ... Func1

Child ... Func1

Overriding
class Parent { public: void Func1(); void Func1(int); }; class Child: public Parent { public: void Func1(); };

Overloading vs. Overriding


Overloading is done within the scope of one class Overriding is done in scope of parent and child Overriding within the scope of single class is error due to duplicate declaration

Overriding
class Parent { public: void Func1(); void Func1(); };

//Error

Overriding Member Functions of Base Class


Derive class can override member function of base class such that the working of function is totally changed

Example
class Person{ public: void Walk(); }; class ParalyzedPerson: public Person{ public: void Walk(); };

Overriding Member Functions of Base Class


Derive class can override member function of base class such that the working of function is similar to former implementation

Example
class Person{ char *name; public: Person(char *=NULL); const char *GetName() const; void Print(){ cout << Name: << name << endl; } };

Example
class Student : public Person{ char * major; public: Student(char * aName, char* aMajor);

void Print(){ cout <<Name: << GetName()<<endl << Major: << major<< endl; } ... };

Example
int main(){ Student a(Ahmad, Computer Science); a.Print(); return 0; }

Output
Output: Name: Ahmed Major: Computer Science

Overriding Member Functions of Base Class


Derive class can override member function of base class such that the working of function is based on former implementation

Example
class Student : public Person{ char * major; public: Student(char * aName, char* m);

void Print(){ Print();//Print of Person cout<<Major: << major <<endl; } ... };

Example
int main(){ Student a(Ahmad, Computer Science); a.Print(); return 0; }

Output
There will be no output as the compiler will call the print of the child class from print of child class recursively There is no ending condition

Example
class Student : public Person{ char * major; public: Student(char * aName, char* m); void Print(){ Person::Print(); cout<<Major: << major <<endl; } ... };

Example
int main(){ Student a(Ahmad, Computer Science); a.Print(); return 0; }

Output
Output: Name: Ahmed Major: Computer Science

Overriding Member Functions of Base Class


The pointer must be used with care when working with overridden member functions

Example
int main(){ Student a(Ahmad, Computer Scuence); Student *sPtr = &a; sPtr->Print(); Person *pPtr = sPtr; pPtr->Print(); return 0; }

Example
Output: Name: Ahmed Major: Computer Science

Name: Ahmed

Overriding Member Functions of Base Class


The member function is called according to static type The static type of pPtr is Person The static type of sPtr is Student

Hierarchy of Inheritance
We represent the classes involved in inheritance relation in tree like hierarchy

Example
GrandParent

Parent1

Parent2

Child1

Child2

Direct Base Class


A direct base class is explicitly listed in a derived class's header with a colon (:)

class Child1:public Parent1 ...

Indirect Base Class


An indirect base class is not explicitly listed in a derived class's header with a colon (:) It is inherited from two or more levels up the hierarchy of inheritance class GrandParent{}; class Parent1: public GrandParent {}; class Child1:public Parent1{};

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