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Introduction To Java

This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It describes Java's history as being developed by Sun Microsystems in the 1990s. It then covers Java's key features such as being simple, secure, portable, robust, and object-oriented. It discusses the Java Virtual Machine and its role in executing Java bytecode. It also introduces object-oriented programming concepts like objects, classes, and methods. The document concludes with sample Java code and questions for assignments.

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sujitmajety
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108 views17 pages

Introduction To Java

This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It describes Java's history as being developed by Sun Microsystems in the 1990s. It then covers Java's key features such as being simple, secure, portable, robust, and object-oriented. It discusses the Java Virtual Machine and its role in executing Java bytecode. It also introduces object-oriented programming concepts like objects, classes, and methods. The document concludes with sample Java code and questions for assignments.

Uploaded by

sujitmajety
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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JAVA

SUJIT MAJETY | 1 : INTRODUCTION TO JAVA

Course Description

Introduction to JAVA History

Location : SREC Lectures: Weekdays at 11:00 am Labs: Weekdays at 01:30 pm Presenter: Sujit Majety, Software Engineer, Tech Fort IT Solutions (INDIA) PVT Ltd.

Features
JVM Architecture of JVM Introduction to OOPS Object Class

Introduction to JAVA

Lets start the exiting journey.

Java is one of the most powerful programming languages.


Java is Cross-platform, object-oriented, network-based, reliable programming language.

The slogan of java is write once and run anywhere, this allowed java to gain enormous popularity. Its rapid ascensation and wide acceptance can be traced to its design and programming features.
The name JAVA came from the name of the coffee seed. JAVA released to market in three versions J2SE, J2EE, J2ME

Programming Paradigm
Procedure Oriented

Object Oriented

More emphasis on algorithms. Programs divided into functions. Most functions share data, less security to data. Data move around the system between functions, any function can change the data. Adding new code is very difficult.

More emphasis on data. Programs are divided into objects. Functions operate on data are tied together in the data structure.

Data is secured; it is hidden to external functions, can be accessed by functions tied to it.
Adding new code is very easy.

Code cannot be re-used.


E.g. C, VB, Perl, Basic, Fortran

Code can be re-used.


E.g. CPP, Java, VB.Net, C#.Net

History

Developed by a team led by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems.


Sun Microsystems was a company best known for its workstations. Java was originally OAK, designed for use in embedded consumer electronic application in 1991. OAK was redesigned for developing internet applications and renamed JAVA in 1995.

Java is inherently object-oriented.

Features
There are eleven promising features in java

Simple (no pointers, interfaces, rich set of API, friendly syntaxes) Secure (many number of security mechanisms to block stray programs) Portable (can run on any operating system) Robust (memory management, exceptional handling) Distributed (runs on multiple servers and can be accessed by no of clients) Interpreted (both compiled and interpreted) Multi Threading (multiple flow of controls) Dynamic (is always open for updating) Architecture Neutral (can run on any processor) High Performance (garbage collector, leaves resources wile waiting for inputs) Object oriented (everything is written in class)

Java Virtual Machine

JVM is an abstract machine.


It is a specification that provides runtime environment in which java byte code can be executed. JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms (i.e. JVM is platform dependant). JVM performs four main tasks,

Loads code Verifies code Executes code Provides runtime environment.

Architecture of JVM
Class Files

Class Loader Subsystem

Runtime data areas

Method Area

Heap

Stack

PC Registers

Native Method Area

Execution Engine

Introduction to OOPS

Object oriented programming models the real world. Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data and set of well defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to code. By switching the controlling entity to data, you can achieve several organizational benefits. Object oriented programming, the first letter indicates object. What is an object?

Object

An object is the basic unit of object orientation with behaviour and identity. An object is a real time entity. E.g.. Car, bike, book, me and you.

It is a runtime entity that has a state and behaviour.


The state of the object represents the data. The behaviour is represented by the methods.

E.g. An object is created to represent a rabbit. It would have data: how hungry it is, where it is. And methods : eat, hide, run and dig.

Class

A class is a way of binding the data and associated methods into a single unit. A class can also be said as a blue print to create an object.

If we want to develop a java program, then that should be developed with respective of class only. i.e. without class there is no java program.
Syntax:
Class Name Data members/ properties/ Attributes Animal Name, Number of legs, Colour

Class <clsname>

{
Variable declaration; Methods definition; };

Behaviours/ Methods

Eat(), Walk(), Sleep()

Sample Program
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Hello World); } } Execution: > javac Test.java > java Test

Execution of java program

The java program execution can be seen through the following figure.

Test.java Java Program Source code

Test.class

JVM
JVM converts byte code to m/c code

Console

Byte code

Program Output

Important Interview Questions


What is the most widely used protocol on internet What is the difference between an executable file and .class file?

Why java is suitable for internet?


Why pointers are eliminated in java? What is the difference between a function and a method? Which part of the JVM will allocate the memory for java program? Which algorithm is used by garbage collector to remove the unused variables or objects from memory?

Assignments

Check the hello world program by removing each and every word. Shuffle the order of public static void main Try experimenting with print & println. Try giving different names for args. Try giving int args[] instead of String args[] in main. Give Different name for the filename and the class name Repeat the above problem with declaring class as public

Copy the class file into different folder name and execute it.
Write your own program, compile it and execute it. Try giving different data types ( the one you know like int x, double d ) in the prinltn and see if it prints all of them. I have two Integers int x =1; and int x=2; I wish to print 12. find the ways to print.

Repeat the same if I want to print given int x=1; double d=2.5; and print 12 instead of 12.5

Questions?

Sujit Majety +91 9000019878 mail to : sujit.naga@gmail.com

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