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PCZPH

This document discusses concepts related to soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, including: 1) How to calculate SOM from organic carbon content using the conversion factor of 57.5% organic carbon in SOM. 2) How soil particle surface charge varies with pH in relation to the point of zero charge (PZC), where the surface has no net charge. Below the PZC the surface is positively charged, above it is negatively charged. 3) How the PZC differs between various soil components like organic matter, iron/aluminum oxides, and clay minerals - affecting cation vs. anion adsorption and soil cation exchange capacity in different soil horizons.

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Flor F. Mendivil
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73 views14 pages

PCZPH

This document discusses concepts related to soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, including: 1) How to calculate SOM from organic carbon content using the conversion factor of 57.5% organic carbon in SOM. 2) How soil particle surface charge varies with pH in relation to the point of zero charge (PZC), where the surface has no net charge. Below the PZC the surface is positively charged, above it is negatively charged. 3) How the PZC differs between various soil components like organic matter, iron/aluminum oxides, and clay minerals - affecting cation vs. anion adsorption and soil cation exchange capacity in different soil horizons.

Uploaded by

Flor F. Mendivil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 14

Soil OM is 50-65% C, so we use 57.

5%
SOM x 0.575 = OC and SOM = OC/0.575
e.g., how much SOM do you have with 2% OC?
SOM = 2% 0.575 = 3.5%
or 2% 0.50 to 0.65 = 4 to 3% OC

pH dependent surface charge:


Acidic conditions

S-OH + H+ S-OH2+ protonation (gains


protons, attracts anions)
S-OH S-O- + H+
deprotonation (loses
protons, attracts cations)
S-OH + OH- S-O- + H2O deprotonation
alkaline conditions

(loses protons, attracts cations)


pKas and Henderson-Hasselbalch eqn tell us
whether a compound will be mostly charged (usually
negatively) or uncharged at a given pH

Point of Zero Charge


PZC suspension pH at which the particle surface
has zero net charge: p = 0
1. When pH < PZC the particle surface is
positively charged
2. When pH > PZC the particle surface is
negatively charged
3. At PZC, settling of flocs occurs important
in aggregation and retention of ions during
irrigation, leaching, etc.
* uncharged particles dont repel each other

pH < PZC (p > 0, positively charged):


S-OH + H+ S-OH2+

pH > PZC (p < 0, negatively charged):


S-OH H+ + S-O-

pH = PZC (p = 0, uncharged):
H+ + S-O- S-OH

pH below the pHZPC

http://www.gly.uga.edu/schroeder/geol6550/zpcphlow.gif

pH at the pHZPC

pH above the pHZPC

Soil components vary in PZC


1.
2.
3.

4.

Fe and Al oxides (Oxisols, tropical soils) have high


PZC (pH 5-10)
Soil organic matter has low PZC (pH<5)
Silicate clays have low PZC (pH 2-5)
Interpretation: low PZC = net negative charge over
wider soil pH range more cation adsorption and
more CEC
High PZC = net positive charge in acid conditions or
in lower range of soil pH more anion adsorption and
less CEC
Consider the distribution of soil components in the
profile where would you expect to see more or less
anion and cation adsorption?
more CEC in Ap or Bt horizons, more AEC in oxide-rich
horizons or low OM depths

pH for zero point of charge for minerals


Mineral
Gibbsite
Hematite
Goethite
Amorphous Fe(OH)3
Kaolinite
Montmorillonite
SiO2

pHZPC
5 - 10
6-7
78
8-9
4-5
2-3
1-3

Note that Al and Fe oxides have a high pHZPC


Kaolinite and montmorillonite have low pH ZPC

Types of PZC

PZC, p = 0

PZNC (N for net), CEC-AEC =0; is + os +d = 0

Apply electric field, PZC reached when particles


flocculate or stop moving
Measure Na+ and Cl- sorption with pH; PZNC
calculated from intersection point

PZNPC (P for proton), H = 0 (or zero variable


charge)
PZSE (SE for salt effect), intersection of two
potentiometric titration curves

Most commonly measured

Desorption

removing an ion or molecule from a


surface particle and putting it back into
solution.
Important for decontamination of soil or
sediments and to determine the mobility
of contaminants
Hysteresis apparent irreversibility of
sorption (forward and backward
reactions did not coincide)

Hysteresis causes:

Experimental error: failure to attain equilibrium


during sorption experiments
Chemical or biological transformations not
accounted for in sorption study
Trapping of ions or molecules in soil
micropores resulting in very slow release
short term lab sorption experiments may be
inadequate to predict behavior over long time
periods under field conditions.

Ceq

Example of hysteresis during desorption in


a batch equilibrium sorption experiment

Adsorption (open symbols) and desorption (full symbols)


isotherms of water at 25 C on (a) a TiO2 film deposited at 80
C for 2 h and (b) the same powder after heating at 450 C
http://www.lnqe.uni-hannover.de/projekte/projekte_oekermann.htm#fig4

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