What is a Microcontroller
A small computer on a single chip
containing a processor, memory, and input/output
Typically "embedded" inside some device that they
control
What is a Development
Board
A printed circuit
board designed to
facilitate work
with a particular
microcontroller.
Typical components include:
power circuit
programming interface
basic input; usually buttons and
LEDs
I/O pins
Arduino Development Board
PWR IN
USB (to Computer)
RESET
I2C
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
Digital I\O
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)
Analog
INPUTS
Making-robots-with-arduino.pdf
Different Arduino Boards
UNO
LEONARDO
DUE
YUN
TRE
ZERO
MICRO
ESPLORA
& many more
Sample Specification:
Arduino Uno
Microcontroller:
AT mega 328
Operating Voltage
5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits)
6-20V
Digital I/O Pins
14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins
6
DC Current per I/O Pin
40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin
50 mA
Flash Memory
32 KB (of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader)
SRAM
2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM
1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed
16 MHz
The Arduino Microcontroller: Atmel
What is the Arduino
todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino
Getting Started
Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
1. Download & install the Arduino environment
(IDE)
2. Connect the board to your computer via the
UBS cable
3. If needed, install the drivers (not needed in lab)
4. Launch the Arduino IDE
5. Select your board
6. Select your serial port
7. Open the blink example
8. Upload the program
Connect the USB Cable
Arduino IDE
C
O
M
P
I
L
E
U
P
L
O
A
D
N
E
W
O
P
E
N
S
A
V
E
Select Serial Port and Board
Status Messages
todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino
A Little Bit About
Programming
Code is case
sensitive
Statements are
commands and
must end with a
semi-colon
Comments
follow a // or
begin with /*
and end with */
loop and setup
Terminology
Digital I/0
www.mikroe.com/chapters/view/1
pinMode(pin, mode)
Sets pin to either INPUT or OUTPUT
digitalRead(pin)
Reads HIGH or LOW from a pin
digitalWrite(pin, value)
Writes HIGH or LOW to a pin
Electronic stuff
Output pins can provide 40 mA of current
Writing HIGH to an input pin installs a 20K
Arduino Timing
delay(ms)
Pauses for a few milliseconds
delayMicroseconds(us)
Pauses for a few microseconds
More commands:
arduino.cc/en/Reference/
HomePage
Variables
Basic variable types:
Boolean
Integer
Character
Declaring Variables
Boolean: boolean
variableName;
Integer: int variableName;
Character: char
variableName;
String: stringName [ ];
Assigning Variables
Boolean: variableName =
true;
or variableName = false;
Integer: variableName =
32767;
or variableName = -32768;
Character: variableName =
A;
Variable Scope
Where you declare your variables
matters
Setup
void setup ( ) { }
The setup function comes before
the loop function and is
necessary
for all Arduino sketches
If Statements
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
If
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
Conditional
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
Action
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
Else
else { do this; }
Basic Repetition
loop
For
while
Basic Repetition
void loop ( ) { }
Basic Repetition
void loop ( ) { }
Basic Repetition
void loop ( ) { }
Basic Repetition
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
//this could be anything
}
Basic Repetition
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
}
Basic Repetition
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
}
Basic Repetition
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
}
Basic Repetition
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
}
Basic Repetition
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
}
Basic Repetition
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
}
Basic Repetition
while ( count<10 )
{
//while action code goes here
//should include a way to change count
//variable so the computer is not stuck
//inside the while loop forever
}
Basic Repetition
while ( count<10 )
{
//looks basically like a for loop
//except the variable is declared before
//and incremented inside the while
//loop
}
