EE-379
LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS
Lecture No 1
“CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING”
By NORMAN S. NISE, 6th Edition
Text Book: Chapter 1
Instructor: Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad
Class: BEE 7C
Electrical Engineering Department
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Course Information
Course Title: LINEAR CONTROL
SYSTEMS Lab (yes)
Credit hrs: 3-3
Pre-requisites For this Course: Calculus, Complex Variables and
Transforms, Machines
Instructor: Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad
e-mail: [Link]@[Link] SMRIMMS, Room: B-204
Text Book:.
1. Control Systems Engineering By Norman S. Nise 6th Edition
2. Modern Control Engineering By Ogata 4 th Edition
Reference Book(s):
1. Feedback Control Systems by Phillip and Harbor 4th Edition
2. MODERN CONTROL SYSTEMS by RICHARD C DORF
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Control Systems (Definition)
Comprises subsystems and processes (or plants) assembled for
the purpose of obtaining a desired output with desired
performance, given a specified input.
Signals flow from the input, through the system and
produce an output
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Control Systems (Example)
Consider an elevator. When the fourth-floor button is pressed,
the elevator rises to the fourth floor with a speed and floor-
leveling accuracy designed for passenger comfort.
Two measures of
performance are :
(1) the transient
response
(2) the steady-state
error.
Passenger comfort and passenger patience are dependent
upon the transient response
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Classification of Control Systems
Control Systems
Natural Man-made
Manual Automatic
Open-loop Closed-loop
Non-linear linear
Non-linear linear
Time variant Time invariant
Time variant Time invariant 20
System Configurations
Block diagrams of control systems:
open-loop system
closed-loop system 21
Antenna azimuth position control system:
system concept
detailed layout
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Antenna azimuth position
control system:
Schematic diagram
functional block diagram
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Response of a position control system showing effect of
high and low controller gain on the output response
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The control system design process
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One Example
Disturbance
Forces
Desired
Neural Output
position Control algorithm Signal Muscle Hand Position
(Brain) G(s)
Actuator Y(s)
R (s) Controller U (s) Plant
Reference Control block
Input
Eye
Sensor
Open loop No Feedback
Closed loop With Feedback
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Another Example
Disturbances
parties, games
Desired
performance
Performance Teaching Students
Pedagogism activities
Actuator Y(s)
R (s) Controller U (s) Plant
Reference Control block
Input
Homework,
Exams, quizzes,…
Sensor
Open loop No Feedback Blindly teaching ?!
Closed loop With Feedback
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What is a Actuator?
• Actuator is a device which produce
mechanical energy (output motion) in
response to some type of energy input.
Complex
Electrical
Mechanical
Energy Actuator Motion Linear
Thermal Electro-
Mechanical
Fluid
• Hydraulic Rotary
• Pneumatic
Chemical
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What is a sensor?
Sensors are transducers that produce (transform) electrical
energy (signals) as a result of some type of stimulation
(measurement space)
Temperature
Distance
Sensor
Electrical Voltage
Measurement Signals
Voltage
Force Current
Digital
Speed
Types of Sensors
Active.. Need External Power
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Passive.. No External Power
