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C1 Lesson 1 - Exploring Random Variables

This document provides examples and explanations of random variables and probability distributions. It defines random variables as functions that associate real numbers to outcomes in a sample space determined by chance. Random variables can be discrete, representing countable outcomes, or continuous, representing measured data. Examples are given to show how to determine the possible values of random variables based on given experiments and outcomes. The document concludes by finding the possible values of random variables for additional examples involving balls drawn from an urn and coins being tossed.

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Teresa Navarrete
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3K views

C1 Lesson 1 - Exploring Random Variables

This document provides examples and explanations of random variables and probability distributions. It defines random variables as functions that associate real numbers to outcomes in a sample space determined by chance. Random variables can be discrete, representing countable outcomes, or continuous, representing measured data. Examples are given to show how to determine the possible values of random variables based on given experiments and outcomes. The document concludes by finding the possible values of random variables for additional examples involving balls drawn from an urn and coins being tossed.

Uploaded by

Teresa Navarrete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1:

Lesson 1:
RANDOM VARIABLES
AND
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
Lesson 1: Exploring Random Variables
RANDOM VARIABLES
- Is a function that associates a real
number to each element in the sample
space.
- It is a variable whose values are
determined by chance.
* DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES
- the set of possible outcomes is countable
* CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES
- represent measured data such as
heights, weights, temperature, age etc.

Sample Space
- the set of all possible outcomes of an
experiment.
List the sample space of the ff.
experiments.
1. Tossing three coins 8
2. Rolling a pair of dice 36
3. Rolling a die and tossing a coin
simultaneously. 12
Example #1:
Suppose a coin is tossed twice, Let
X be the random variable
representing the number of tails
that occur. Find the values of the
random variable X.
S = { TT, HT, TH,
HH }
Example:
VALUE OF THE RANDOM VARIABLE (X)
POSSIBLE OUTCOME (Number of Tails)

TT 2

TH 1

HT 1

HH 0

Therefore, the possible values of the


random variable X are 0, 1, and 2
Example #2:
Suppose three cell phones tested at
random. Let D represent the defective
cell phone and N represent the non-
defective cell phone. If we let X be the
random variable representing the
number of defective cell phones, show
the values of the random variable X.
Example:
VALUE OF THE RANDOM
Therefore,
the possible
POSSIBLE OUTCOME VARIABLE (X)
(Number of defective cell
phones)
NN 0
N
NN
D
1 values of
the random
ND 1
N
DN 1
N
ND
D
2
variable X
DN 2
D
DD 2 are 0, 1, 2
N
DD
D
3
and 3
Example #3:
Suppose three coins are tossed.
Let Y be the random variable
representing the number of
heads that occur. Find the
values of the random variable Y.
Example:
POSSIBLE OUTCOME
VALUE OF THE RANDOM
VARIABLE (Y)
(Number of Heads)
Therefore,
HH 3 the possible
values of
H
TTT 0
TT 1
H
TH 1 the random
T
TH
H
2
variable Y
HH 2
T
HT 2 are 0, 1, 2
H
HT 1 and 3
1 WHOLE SHEET OF
INTERMEDIATE PAD
1. Two balls are drawn in succession
without replacement from an urn
containing 5 red balls and 6 blue balls.
Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of blue balls,
Find the values of the random variable
2. Four coins are tossed. Let Z be the
Z.
random variable representing the
number of tails that occur. Find the

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