Introduction To: Abdul Alim Shakir

Introduction to Arduino
Abdul Alim Shakir

Topics
1. What is Arduino?
2. History of Arduino
3. Advantages
4. Features
5. Microcontroller basics
6. ATmega328P
7. Microcontroller vs Microprocessor
What is Arduino?
 Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
 Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and
turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.
 Sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board from a computer is very easy.
 Single board microcontroller, intended to make the application of interactive objects or environments more
accessible.
 Designed to make the process of using electronics multidisciplinary projects more functional.
History of Arduino
Arduin of Ivrea Hernando Barragan Massimo Banzi Arduino

Advantages
 Open source and extensible software
 Inexpensive
 Portable
 Low power consumption
 Simple and clear programming environment
 USB programming interface
 No additional programmer/burner hardware required for programming board.
 Friendly community support and documentation.

Features
 Microcontroller: ATmega328
 Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Figure 1.1 : Arduino Layout and pin configuration
Microcontroller
 A Microcontroller is a special purpose computer with
programmable input/output peripherals, memory, system Central Processing
Unit(CPU)
clock and a processor that can be used as an embedded
system. Memory
 Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run one
specific program. System Clock
 Microcontrollers are often low power devices.
 Microcontrollers are embedded inside some other device. Peripherals
 Microcontrollers are small and not costly.
Fundamental Components
 Microcontrollers have multiple digital and analog I/O ports.
of a Microcontroller
Peripherals of a Microcontroller
• Digital I/O : Provides the ability to control and read digital outputs.
• A/D Conversion :The ability to measure an analog voltage.
• D/A Conversion :The ability to output analog voltages.
• Serial Interface The serial interface is used to transfer data between devices within a system
and between systems.
• Timers :Provides the ability to measure durations between events.
• Flash Memory Used to store program code.

Volatile Non-Volatile Timer Module
Processor
Memory Memory
Internal Bus
Digital I/O Analog I/O Serial Interface Interrupt

Module Module Module Controller
External Devices
Figure 1.3 : Basic layout of a microcontroller

ATmega328P
 Program Memory Type : Flash
 Program Memory Size (KB) : 32
 CPU Speed (MIPS/DMIPS) : 20
 SRAM (Bytes) : 2,048
 Data EEPROM/HEF (Bytes) : 1024
 Digital Communication Peripherals: 1-UART, 2-SPI, 1-I2C
 Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals : 1 Input Capture, 1 CCP, 6PWM
 8-bit Timers : 2
 16-bit Timers : 1
 Number of Comparators : 1
 Operating Voltage Range (V) : 1.8 to 5.5
 Pin Count : 32
 Low Power : Yes
Figure 1.2 : ATmega328p Block Diagram
Microcontroller vs Microprocessor
Microcontroller Microprocessor
1. It has RAM, ROM and EEPROM. 1. It has no RAM, ROM or EEPROM.
2. Processing speed is 8MHz to 50 MHz . 2. Processing speed is above 1GHz.
3. Power consumption is low. 3. Power consumption is high.
4. Tasks performed by microcontrollers 4. Tasks performed by microprocessors are software
are limited and generally less complex. development, game development, web development,
documents making etc.
5. Microcontroller is compact. 5. Microprocessor is bulky.
6. It is inexpensive. 6. It is very expensive.
7. It is a heart of embedded system. 7. It is the heart of computer system.
What has already made
with Arduino?

Introduction To: Abdul Alim Shakir

Uploaded by

Introduction To: Abdul Alim Shakir

Uploaded by

Introduction to Arduino

Abdul Alim Shakir

Arduin of Ivrea Hernando Barragan Massimo Banzi Arduino

 Low power consumption

 Simple and clear programming environment

 USB programming interface

 No additional programmer/burner hardware required for programming board.

 Friendly community support and documentation.

• A/D Conversion :The ability to measure an analog voltage.

• D/A Conversion :The ability to output analog voltages.

• Timers :Provides the ability to measure durations between events.

• Flash Memory Used to store program code.

Digital I/O Analog I/O Serial Interface Interrupt

Figure 1.3 : Basic layout of a microcontroller

You might also like