PRESENTATION ROADMAP

INTRODUCTION TO CNC
INSTALLATION OF SOFTWARE
G-CODES & M-CODES
FEATURES OF CNC TRAIN SOFTWARE
PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING A
SAMPLE PROGRAM
EXAMPLE PROGRAMS
EXERCISE

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INTRODCUTION TO CNC
DEFINITION
AXIS IN CNC MACHINE
DIMENSIONING SYSTEM

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DEFINITION OF CNC
“A system in which the actions are controlled by direct insertion of
numerical data at some point .The system must automatically
interpet at least some portion of this data”

WHY IT IS CALLED AS CNC

Since the information required to actuate and control slides of the
machine are coded numerically, this technology came to be
known as Numerical Control.
WHAT IS CNC
CNC is acronym for Computer Numerical Control.
A dedicated computer is used to perform all the basic NC
functions. The complete part programme to produce a
component is input and stored in the computer memory and the
information for each operation is fed to the machine tools. The
program can be stored and used in future
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 AXIS IN CNC MACHINES
THE BASIS OF AXIS IDENTIFICATION IS THE 3-
DIMENSIONAL CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM
AND THREE AXIS OF MOVEMENT ARE IDENTIFIED
AS X,YAND Z AXIS

Z AXIS.
Z- Axis The Z Axis of motion is always the axis of the main
spindle of the machine.It doses not matters whether the spindle
carries the work piece or the cutting tool . On vertical
machining centers Z axis is vertical and on horizontal
machining center and turning centers Z axis is horizontal

Positive Z Movement is away from the spindle

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MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
X-Axis The axis is always horizontal and is always parallel to
the work holding surface. Positive X Axis movement is
identified as being to the right, when looking from the spindle
towards its supporting column.

Y- Axis The axis is always at right angle to both X-Axis and Z-

Axis

Rotary axis .The rotary motion about the X,Y and Z-Axis are
identified by A,B,C respectively .Clockwise is designated as
+VE. .Positive rotation is identified looking in x ,y and z
direction respectively

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 MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
AXIS IN CNCLATHE

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MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
AXIS IN MILLING MACHINE
A milling machine has 3 axes of movement identified by X, Y & Z axes

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MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
AXIS IN MILLING MACHINE
+
+Z
Z
- +Y

Y +
X -X +X
- -
+

-Y
-Z

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 MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
ZERO POINTS REFERENCE POINT

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MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE

The reference point R serves for calibrating and for controlling of

measuring systems of the slides and tool traverses. The position of the
reference point is accurately predetermined in every traverse axis by the
trip dogs and limit switches. Therefore, the reference point coordinates
always have the same, precisely known numerical value in relation to the
machine zero point.
After initiating the control system, the reference point must always be
approached from all axes to calibrate the traverse measuring system.

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MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
DIMENSION SYSTEM
Dimensional information in a work piece drawing can be stated in two ways
Absolute Dimension System and Incremental Dimension System.
Absolute Dimension System
Data in absolute dimension system always refer to a fixed reference
point. This point has the function of a coordinate zero point . The dimension
lines run parallel to the coordinate axes and always start at the reference
point. Absolute dimensions are also called as 'Reference dimensions'

Incremental Dimension System

When using Incremental Dimension system, every measurement refers to a
previously dimensioned position Incremental dimensions are distance between
adjacent points. These distances are converted into incremental coordinates by
accepting the last dimension point as the coordinate origin for the new point.
This may be compared to a small coordinate system, i.e., shifted consequently
form point to point (P1..P2..through P9). Incremental dimensions are also
frequently called 'Relative dimensions' or 'Chain dimensions'.

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MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
DIMENSION SYSTEM
30

P6 P5
20

P4
P3
10

ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONING INCREMENIAL

P2 DIMENSIONING
P1
POINTS X Z POINTS U W

(0,0)
P1 10 0 P1 10 0

P2 10 -10 P2 0 -10

P3 20 -10 P3 10 0

P4 20 -25 P4 0 -15

P5 30 -25 P5 10 0

P6 30 -35 P6 0 -10

30 20 10

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 100
MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE 70
P9 P8

P7
70

40
P3 P4 70

P5 P6
P1 P2
70
Reference Point 20
100

POINTS X VALUE Z VALUE POINTS XVALUE ZVALUE

P1 0 0 P1 0 0
P2 20 0 P2 20 0
P3 20 20 P3 0 20
P4 70 20 P4 50 0
P5 70 0 P5 0 -20
P6 100 0 P6 30 0

P7 100 40 P7 0 40

P8 70 70 P8 -30 30

P9 0 70 P9 -70 0

ABSOLUTE SYSTEM (G90) INCREMENTAL SYSTEM (G91)

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 PREPARATORY FUNCTION (G - FUNCTION)

G codes are instructions describing machine tool movement

G00 Rapid Traverse

G01 Linear Interpolation (cutting feed)
G02 Circular Interpolation (clockwise)
G03 Circular Interpolation (counter clockwise)
G20 Imperial (input in inches)
G21 Metric (input in metric)
G28 Goto Reference Point (Home Position)
G70 Finishing Cycle
G71 Stock Removal in Turning (Multiple Turning Cycle)
G74 Peck Drilling Cycle
G76 Multiple Threading Cycle
G90 Box Turning Cycle
G98 Feed Per Minute
G99 Feed Per Rev.

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MTAB – DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTRE MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS (M - CODES)
M Codes are instructions describing miscellaneous functions like calling the tool, spindle rotation,
coolant on/off etc.,

M00 Program Stop

M01 Optional Stop
M02 Program End
M03 Spindle Forward
M04 Spindle Reverse
M05 Spindle Stop
M06 Automatic Tool change
M08 Coolant On
M09 Coolant Off
M10 Vice / Chuck Open
M11 Vice / Chuck Close
M30 Program Stop & Rewind
M38 Door Open
M39 Door Close
M98 Sub program Call
M99 Subprogram Exit

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 INSTALLATION OF SOFTWARE
Follow these instructions to install the CNCTRAIN software on
your computer.
1. Switch on your computer.
2. Insert the CD in the CD drive of the P.C.
3. Double click on the CD drive. (e.g :G or usually labeled “D”or
“E”).
4. Double click on the CNCTRAIN.EXE and follow the on screen
instructions for installation.
5. After complete the installation insert the CNCTRAIN key in the
parallel port of the P.C.

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FOLLOW THE PROCEDURES TO ACTIVATE THE KEY
6. Double click on My computer and C: Drive.(Note: if you install
the software in D: or F: you have to click on those drives)
7. Click on the CNCTARIN – Security – install - sl2ins
(Path - C:\cnctrain\security\install\sl2inst)
1

2
3

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8. The following box will appear, then click the install button to
activate the CNCTRAIN key.

9. The driver installed message box will appear on the screen, then
click OK.
10.Click exit button.
11. After installation, the software can be open in the Start-
programs or CNCTRAIN icon on the desktop.

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 STARTING CNC TRAIN

Click Start menu - Programs - CNC simulation -

CNCTRAIN (or) Double click icon on the desktop

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 SCREEN DESCRIPTION
Main Menu

Simulation Screen

Combo Box

CNC Editor

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SELECTION OF CONTROLLER TYPE

Click Control Type

For Turning select Fanuc O Turning
For Milling select Fanuc O Milling

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 How to write a new program
click

Click file on the main menu and click new CNC program and
type the program in the CNC editor screen .

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 How to load an existing program ?

1.Click file on the main menu and click load CNC

program

2.Select a program using mouse and click open

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How to save a CNC Program ?

click

click save as - enter file name -click save button -

click yes to save
The existing program can also be saved by
clicking - save CNC program
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PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING A
SAMPLE PROGRAM

• Editing the program

•Setting the tool and billet
•Simulation

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Sample Program
Programming co-ordinates

X Z

5 0
10 - 10
10 - 15
20 - 25
20 - 30
25 - 37
25 - 42
32 - 47

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 CNC Program
O0007
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T02 (Roughing tool )
M03 S2000
G00 X33 Z1
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P1 Q2 U0.2 W0.0 F100
N1 G01 X5
G01 Z0
G01 X10 Z-10
G01 X10 Z-15
G02 X20 Z-25 R10
G01 X20 Z-30
G03 X25 Z-37 R7
G01 X25 Z-42
G01 X32 Z-47
N2 G01 X33
G70 P1 Q2 S2500 F50
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0404 (Grooving tool)
M03 S650
G00 X21 Z-28
G75 R1
G75 X10. Z-30 P100 Q1000 F20
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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 Edit Program
Click File - new CNC Program from the main
Click Edit on the combo box

Click hereto edit

Type the program in the Editor

Screen

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 Saving the Program

Click File - Save As

Type file name : Sample
Click Save icon

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SETTING TOOL

Step 1
Tool setting is done by
clicking Job/Tooling - Tool
Offset

Step 2
Click the second tool

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 Step 3
Click Select Tooling

Step 4 Double click to select tool from tool list

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Step 5
Click Tool offsets

STEP 7

Step6 click
Step 8 click ok
Verify that left-hand tool is displayed on the tool 2 position

Likewise select the Tool4 (Grooving tool)by following step 2 to 8

SETTING THE BILLET

Click Job/tooling-Billet Setting

Enter the length of billet

Enter the Dia of the billet

Click ok
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 SIMULATION

Step2 Click RESET

Step1 Click AUTO
Step3 Click CYCLE START

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Left-hand Tool

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Grooving Tool

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Finished Program

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PROGRAM BUILD-UP FOR CNC LATHE
(FANUCCONTROLLER)
START UP OF CNC PROGRAM

O1000 While writing a program on fanuc controller first line has to be started with letter
“o” followed by four digit number which specifies the program name.
G21 – This code specifies that program is done in metric units
G21/G20 G98/G99 G40
G20 - This code specifies that program is done in Imperial units
G98 – Feed in mm/min
G28 U0 W0
G99 - Feed in mm/rev
G40 – Cutter radius compensation cancel
M06 T0101
G28 U0 W0- Makes the tool to go to home position.
M06 T0101 – Tool change . The first two digits after T specify the tool position in
M03 S1500 the turret and last two digits denotes the tool offset number.
M03 – Makes the spindle rotate in clockwise direction
G00 X(VALUE) S1000 – Spindle rotates at 1000rmp
G00 -Gives rapid position of the too to a point specified in the X and Z address
Z(VALUE)

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PROGRAM BUILD-UP FOR CNC LATHE
(FANUC CONTROLLER)
END OF THE PROGRAM

G28 U0 W0 G28 U0 W0- Makes the tool to go to home position.

M05 M05 –Stop the spindle rotation

M30 M30 – Program stop and rewind

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PROGRAM FOR SIMPLE TURNING

CODE USED – G01,G00

SYNTAX
G00 X (VALUE) Z(Value)
G01 X (VALUE) Z(Value) F(Value)

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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT - SIMPLE TURNING

SIMPLE TURNING

Ø30
Ø27

15.0 50
MACHINE TYPE : FANUC OT G CODES USED - G00,G01
DRAWING NO :1 EXERCISE : 1
MATERIAL : ALUMINIUM BILLET SIZE :Ø30 X 75
ALL DIMENSION IN 'mm' SCALE 1 : 1
MTAB DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTER

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 PROGRAM FOR SIMPLE TURNING
O1000
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S2000
G00 X30 Z1
G00 X29 Z1
G01 X29 Z-50 F50
G01 X30 Z-50
G00 X30 Z1
G00 X28 Z1
G01 X28 Z-50
G01 X30 Z-50
G00 X30 Z1
G00 X 27 Z1
G01 X27 Z-50
G01 X30 Z-50
G00 X30 Z1
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR SIMPLE TURNING

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 PROGRAM FOR SIMPLE FACING

CODE USED – G01,G00

SYNTAX
G00 X (VALUE) Z(Value)
G01 X (VALUE) Z(Value) F(Value)

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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT - SIMPLE FACING

SIMPLE FACING
Ø40

Ø10

MACHINE TYPE : FANUC OT G CODES USED - G00,G01

DRAWING NO :2 EXERCISE : 1
MATERIAL : ALUMINIUM BILLET SIZE :Ø40 X 75
20 5
ALL DIMENSION IN 'mm' SCALE 1 : 1
MTAB DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTER

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 PROGRAM FOR SIMPLE FACING
O1002
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S2000
G00 X41 Z1
G00 X41 Z-1
G01 X10 Z-1 F30
G01 X10 Z1
G00 X41 Z1
G00 X41 Z-2
G01 X10 F30
G01 Z1
G00 X41
Z-3
G01 X10 F30
G01 Z1
G00 X41
Z-4
G01 X10 F30
G01 Z1
G00 X41
Z-5
G0I X10 F30
G01 Z1
G28 U0 W0
M05

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M30
SIMULATION FOR SIMPLE FACING

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 EXERCISE ON SIMPLE TURNING & FACING
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR TURNING AND FACING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

Ø20
Ø18
Ø15

Ø3

MACHINE TYPE : FANUC OT G CODES USED - G00,G01

DRAWING NO :3 EXERCISE : TEST1
MATERIAL : ALUMINIUM BILLET SIZE :Ø50 X 75
ALL DIMENSION IN 'mm' SCALE 1 : 1
MTAB DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTER

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SIMULATION FOR TEST1

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 PROGRAM FOR BOX TURNING

CODE USED – G90

SYNTAX

G90 X (VALUE) Z(Value) F(Value)

TOOL MOVEMENT
R

R
F

F
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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT – BOX TURNING

TOOL PATH
RAPID TRAVERSE

RAPID TRAVERSE
FEED RATE
Ø22
Ø10
PLAIN TURNING CYCLE
Box Turning

FEED RATE
30

70

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 PROGRAM FOR BOX TURNING
O1003
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0404
M03 S1500
G00 X22 Z1
(Box turning cycle
G90 X21 Z-30 F60
X20
X19
X18
X17
X16
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR BOXTURNING

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 PROGRAM FOR BOX FACING

CODE USED – G94

SYNTAX

G94 X (VALUE) Z(Value) F(Value)

TOOL MOVEMENT
R

R
F

F
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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT – BOX FACING

Box Turning

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 PROGRAM FOR BOX FACING
O1004
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0404
M03 S1200
G00 X23 Z1
(End facing cycle G94
G94 X10 Z-0.5 F60
Z-1
Z-1.5
Z-2
Z-2.5
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR BOX FACING

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 EXERCISE ON BOX TURNING &
BOX FACING CYCLE
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR TURNING AND FACING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW
using G90 and G94 code

Ø20
Ø18
Ø15

Ø3

MACHINE TYPE : FANUC OT G CODES USED - G00,G01

DRAWING NO :TEST2 EXERCISE : TEST2
MATERIAL : ALUMINIUM BILLET SIZE :Ø50 X 75
ALL DIMENSION IN 'mm' SCALE 1 : 1
MTAB DENFORD TECHNOLOGY CENTER

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SIMULATION FOR TEST2

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 PROGRAM FOR TAPER TURNING
USING G90 CODE
CODE USED – G90
SYNTAX
G90 X (VALUE) Z(Value) R (Value) F(Value)
TAPER TURNING CYCLE R- TAPER TURNING CYCLE R+
R R
F R
F R F F

CALCULATING R VALUE
R = (Minor dia-Major dia) / 2
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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT – TAPER TURNING

Dwg.No:06

G90 - TAPER TURNING R - ve

Ø32
Ø25
15

70

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 PROGRAM FOR TAPER TURNING
O1005
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0404
M03 S1200 R = (Minor dia-Major dia) / 2
G00 X32 Z1
G01 Z0 F60
= (25 - 32) /2 = -3.5
(Box turning cycle
G90 X32 Z-15 R-0.5 F60
X32 R-1
X32 R-1.5
X32 R-2
X32 R-2.5
X32 R-3
X32 R-3.5
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR TAPER TURNING
USING G90 R+

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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT – TAPER TURNING

G90 TAPER TURNING R-

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 PROGRAM FOR TAPER TURNING
O1006
R = (Minor dia-Major dia) / 2
G21 G98 = (32 - 25) /2 = 3.5
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0404
M03 S1200
G00 X33 Z-25
G01 X32 F60
G90 X31 Z-50 R0.5 F60
X30 R1
X29 R1.5
X28 R2
X27 R2.5
X26 R3
X25 R3.5
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR TAPER TURNING
USING G90 R-

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 EXERCISE ON TAPER TURNING
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR MACHINING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

TAPER TURNING
Ø5 Ø8

Ø26 Ø24 Ø20 Ø10

7 8 8 7 10
5 3 5
58
MACHINE TYPE : FANUC OT G CODES USED - G00,G01,G90

DRAWING NO : MIX7190 EXERCISE : TEST3

MATERIAL : ALUMINIUM BILLET SIZE :Ø26 X 75

ALL DIMENSION IN 'mm' SCALE 1 : 1

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SIMULATION FOR TAPER TURNING
USING G90 ,G90R+ ANDG90 R-
TEST3

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 PROGRAM USING MULTIPLE
TURNING CYCLE
CODE USED – G71
SYNTAX
G71 U(Value) R(Value)
G71 P(Value) Q (Value) U (Value) W (Value) F (Value)
U – Depth of cut, in mm
R – Retraction, in mm
P – Starting block, N
Q – End block, N
U - Finishing Allowance in ‘ X ‘ axis, in mm
W - Finishing Allowance in ‘ Z ‘ axis, in mm
F - Feed rate

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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT –MULTIPLE TURNING

Dwg.No:09

G71 - MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE

Ø22

R5
Ø15
Ø10
R5

5 15 15 10 5

70

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 PROGRAM FOR MULTIPLE TURNING
O1006
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
(Calling turning tool
M06 T0404
M03 S1200
G00 X22 Z1
(Multiple turning cycle
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P10 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F50
N10 G01 X0
G01 Z0
G03 X10 Z-5 R5
G01 Z-15
G01 X15 Z-30
G01 Z-45
N20 G03 X22 Z-50 R5
(Finishing cycle
G70 P10 Q20 S2000 F30
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR MULTIPLE
TURNING CYCLE

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EXERCISE ON MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR MACHINING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

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EXERCISE ON MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR MACHINING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

19
R

Ø20 Ø20

10
R
30

25

10

5 7 5 8 10 12 10

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EXERCISE ON MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR MACHINING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

2x45
0
R1 2x45

Ø12
Ø30
Ø25

Ø20
7 5 10 8 5 12 9 10

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SIMULATION FOR MULTIPLE
TURNING
TEST4

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PROGRAM FOR GROOVING CYCLE

CODE USED – G75

SYNTAX
G75 R
G75 X Z P Q F
R – Retraction, in mm
X – Required Diameter, in mm
Z – Left end point of Groove 1in Z axis, in mm
P – Peck increment in each cut in ‘X’ axis, in micron
Q – Axis stepping distance in ‘Z’ axis, in micron
F – Feed rate

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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT – GROOVING
Dwg.No:13

G75 - GROOVING CYCLE

Ø32
Ø28

5 15

70

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 PROGRAM FOR TAPER TURNING
O1007
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0

M06 T0404 (2MM Groove tool width)

M03 S400
G00 X33 Z-17
G00 Z1
G75 R1
G75 X28 Z-20 P200 Q1000 F20
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR GROOVING CYCLE

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PROGRAM FOR THREADING CYCLE

CODE USED – G76

SYNTAX
G76 P Q R
G76 X Z P Q F
PA(02)B(15)C(60), A-First 2 digit – No of times to call the
finishing cycle
B-Second 2 digit – Pullout angle, in deg
C-Last 2 digit – Thread angle, in deg
Q – depth of cut, in micron
R – Finishing allowance, in mm
X – Minor Diameter, in mm
Z – Thread length, in mm
P – Thread Height, in micron
Q – depth of first cut, in micron
F – Pitch of the thread, in mm
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DRAWING OF THE COMPONENT – GROOVING

DIA25
M12X1.75

15

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 PROGRAM FOR THREADING CYCLE

O1008
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T2
M03 S400
G00 X12 Z1
G76 P031560 Q50 R0.1
G76 X9.853 Z-15 P1073 Q100 F1.75
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

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SIMULATION FOR THREADING CYCLE

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SIMULATION FOR COMBINED
OPERATION
TEST5

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 EXERCISE ON COMBINED CYCLES
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR MACHINING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

1X45°

M12X1.75
Ø30

Ø9
Ø25

10 15 5 5 15

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 EXERCISE ON COMBINED CYCLES
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR MACHINING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

0
R1
Ø10 x1.5
1x45°
Ø25
Ø20

Ø10

Ø7

8 5 10 8 10 3 12

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 EXERCISE ON COMBINED CYCLES
WRITE A CNC PROGRAM FOR MACHINING THE COMPONENT GIVEN BELOW.

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