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Arrays in C

The document discusses various aspects of arrays in C including declaring and initializing array variables, creating single and multidimensional arrays, copying arrays, and provides an example of bubble sort to sort elements in an array. Arrays allow storing multiple elements of the same data type using a single name and can be accessed using an index.

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kingraaja
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55 views

Arrays in C

The document discusses various aspects of arrays in C including declaring and initializing array variables, creating single and multidimensional arrays, copying arrays, and provides an example of bubble sort to sort elements in an array. Arrays allow storing multiple elements of the same data type using a single name and can be accessed using an index.

Uploaded by

kingraaja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

II UNIT

Arrays in ‘C’
ARRA
YS
 Introducing Arrays
 Declaring Array Variables, Creating
Arrays, and Initializing Arrays
 Passing Arrays to Methods
 Copying Arrays
 Multidimensional Arrays
 Search and Sorting Methods

2
INTRODUCING
ARRAYS
Array is a data structure that represents a collection of the
same types of data.

int num[10];

num reference num [0]


num [1]
num [2] An Array of 10
num [3]
Elements
num [4]
num [5]
of type int
num [6]
num [7]
num [8]
num [9]

3
DECLARING ARRAY
VARIABLES
datatype arrayname[index];
Example:
int list[10];
char num[15];
float hat[20];
CREATING
ARRAYS
datatype array-name[size];

Example:
int num[10];

num[0] references the first element in the array.

num[9] references the last element in the array.

5
DECLARING AND CREATING
IN ONE STEP
 datatype arrayname[arraySize]=
{values seperated by comma};
Example :

char c[5] = {‘a’,’F’,’4’,’’=‘,’n’};

int i[4] = {12,15,0,2};


THE LENGTH OF
ARRAYS
Once an array is created, its size is fixed. It
cannot be changed.

For example,
int arr[10];
You can not insert any number to arr[11]
location because it is not initialized.

7
INITIALIZING
ARRAYS
Declaring, creating, initializing in one step:
float hat[4] = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

This shorthand syntax must be in one


statement.

8
DECLARING, CREATING,
INITIALIZING USING
THE SHORTHAND
NOTATION
float list[4] = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

This shorthand notation is equivalent to


the following statements:
float list[4];
list[0] = 1.9;
list[1] = 2.9;
list[2] = 3.4;
list[3] = 3.5;

9
CAUTIO
N

Using the shorthand notation, you have to declare,


create, and initialize the array all in one statement.
Splitting it would cause a syntax error. For example,
the following is wrong:

float list;

list = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

10
Example: Copying Arrays
The program simply creates two
arrays and attempts to copy one to the
other, using an assignment
statement.

11
COPYING
ARRAYS
Before the assignment After the assignment
list2 = list1; list2 = list1;

list1 list1
Contents Contents
of list1 of list1

list2 Contents list2 Contents


of list2 of list2
Garbage

12
COPYING
ARRAYS
With direct assignment:

int array1[5] = {2, 3, 1, 5, 10};


int array2[5];

array2 = array1;

13
MULTIDIMENSIONAL
ARRAYS
Declaring Variables of Multidimensional Arrays and
Creating Multidimensional Arrays

int matrix[10][10];

for (i=0; i<10; i++)


for (j=0; j<10; j+
+)
{
matrix[i][j] = i
* j;
}

float mat[5][5]; 14
MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY
ILLUSTRATION
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2
0 0 0 1 2 3

4 5 6
1 1 1
2 2 7 2 7 8 9

10 11 12
3 3 3
4 4 int[][] array ={
{1, 2, 3},
int matrix[5][5]; matrix[2][1] = 7 {4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}};

15
You can also use a shorthand notation to declare, create and
SHORTHAND NOTATIONS
initialize a two-dimensional array. For example,
int[][] array = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}
};
This is equivalent to the following statements:
array[0][0] = 1; array[0][1] = 2; array[0][2] = 3;
array[1][0] = 4; array[1][1] = 5; array[1][2] = 6;
array[2][0] = 7; array[2][1] = 8; array[2][2] = 9;
array[3][0] = 10; array[3][1] = 11; array[3][2] = 12;
RAGGED
ARRAYS
Each row in a two-dimensional array is
itself an array. So, the rows can
have different lengths. Such an array
is known as a ragged array. For
example,
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{2, 3, 4, 5},
{3, 4, 5},
{4, 5},
{5}
17
17
EXERCISE :
BUBBLE SORT
int i[] = {2, 9, 5, 4, 8, 1, 6}; //
Unsorted
Pass 1: 2, 5, 4, 8, 1, 6, 9
Pass 2: 2, 4, 5, 1, 6, 8, 9
Pass 3: 2, 4, 1, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 4: 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 5: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 6: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
18

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