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Comparing C# To C++ and Java

C# and Java are both object-oriented languages descended from C and C++. They both use intermediate languages and virtual machines. While they have many syntactic similarities, C# supports further compilation to native code. C# also has more primitive data types than Java, supports enums, structs, operator overloading, and genuine multi-dimensional arrays. C# is closer to C++ than Java, but uses memory management like Java and has less emphasis on pointers. Key differences between C# and C++ include memory management in C#, classes vs structs, delegates vs function pointers, and array and initialization semantics.

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28 views

Comparing C# To C++ and Java

C# and Java are both object-oriented languages descended from C and C++. They both use intermediate languages and virtual machines. While they have many syntactic similarities, C# supports further compilation to native code. C# also has more primitive data types than Java, supports enums, structs, operator overloading, and genuine multi-dimensional arrays. C# is closer to C++ than Java, but uses memory management like Java and has less emphasis on pointers. Key differences between C# and C++ include memory management in C#, classes vs structs, delegates vs function pointers, and array and initialization semantics.

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saranya_balan
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comparing C# to C++ and

Java
C# versus Java

• C# and Java are both new-generation languages


descended from a line including C and C++.
• Each includes advanced features, like garbage
collection, which remove some of the low level
maintenance tasks from the programmer.
• In a lot of areas they are syntactically similar.
• Both C# and Java compile initially to an
intermediate language: C# to Microsoft
Intermediate Language (MSIL), and Java to
Java bytecode.
• In each case the intermediate language can be
run - by interpretation or just-in-time compilation
- on an appropriate 'virtual machine'.
• In C#, however, more support is given for the
further compilation of the intermediate language
code into native code.
Access Modifiers
Application Startup
• C# contains more primitive data types than
Java
• C# supports 'enumerations', type-safe
value types which are limited to a defined
set of constant variables and 'structs',
which are user-defined value types.
• Unlike Java, C# has the useful feature that
we can overload various operators.
• Like Java, C# gives up on multiple class inheritance in
favour of a single inheritance model extended by the
multiple inheritance of interfaces
• However, polymorphism is handled in a more
complicated fashion, with derived class methods either
'overriding' or 'hiding' super class methods
• C# also uses 'delegates' - type-safe method pointers
.These are used to implement event-handling
• In Java, multi-dimensional arrays are implemented solely
with single-dimensional arrays (where arrays can be
members of other arrays. In addition to jagged arrays,
however, C# also implements genuine rectangular
arrays.
C# versus C++

• Although it has some elements derived from Visual Basic


and Java, C++ is C#'s closest relative.
• In an important change from C++, C# code does not
require header files. All code is written inline.
• The .NET runtime in which C# runs performs memory
management, taking care of tasks like garbage
collection.
• Because of this, the use of pointers in C# is much less
important than in C++.
• Pointers can be used in C#, where the code is marked
as 'unsafe' but they are only really useful in situations
where performance gains are at an absolute premium
• The syntax of declaring • In C#, classes and structs
C# arrays is different from are semantically different.
that of C++ arrays. The A struct is a value type,
tokens "[ ]" appear while a class is a
following the array type in reference type.
C#. • Delegates are roughly
• The Main method is similar to function
declared differently from pointers in C++, but they
the main function in C++. are type-safe and secure.
• Local variables in C#
cannot be used before
they are initialized.
• C# types are ultimately derived from the
'object' type .
• There are also specific differences in the
way that certain common types can be
used.
• For instance, C# arrays are bounds
checked unlike in C++, and it is therefore
not possible to write past the end of a C#
array.

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