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SQL 101: A Beginners Guide To SQL

SQL is a language used to access and manipulate databases. It allows users to execute queries to retrieve, insert, update and delete data from databases. SQL databases are organized into tables which contain columns and rows. The data is structured and normalized to avoid data redundancy. Primary keys uniquely identify each row in a table, while foreign keys link tables together by referencing primary keys in other tables, allowing relational data across multiple tables.

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rajan peri
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103 views8 pages

SQL 101: A Beginners Guide To SQL

SQL is a language used to access and manipulate databases. It allows users to execute queries to retrieve, insert, update and delete data from databases. SQL databases are organized into tables which contain columns and rows. The data is structured and normalized to avoid data redundancy. Primary keys uniquely identify each row in a table, while foreign keys link tables together by referencing primary keys in other tables, allowing relational data across multiple tables.

Uploaded by

rajan peri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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SQL 101: A B EGINNERS GUIDE TO SQL Introduction to SQL

INTRODUCTION TO SQL
What the Heck is SQL?

Structured Query Language MS SQL Server


uses a dialect
called T-SQL
• SQL is a language that lets you access
and manipulate databases
• SQL is an ANSI (American National
Standards Institute) standard •SQL can execute queries against a database
–Although there are different dialects •SQL can retrieve, insert, update and delete data
•SQL can create new tables in a database
•SQL can create reusable blocks of code
TABLE AND COLUMN
STRUCTURE
Database Table Column

• A database is a • The information • The data itself is


container that inside the database is organized in columns
holds tables and organized into tables and rows
other SQL • A table is the
structures related structure inside your
to those tables database that
contains columns and
rows
DATA TYPES IN SQL
RELATIONAL DATA AND
NORMALIZATION
What Makes a Database "Relational"?

Artist Album_1 Album_2 Album_3

Britney Spears Baby One Oops I did it Again Britney


More Time

Backstreet Boys Backstreet Backstreet’s Back Millennium


Boys

LFO LFO

• Compare information because of the arrangement of data in columns


• Build completely new tables out of required information from existing tables
• Uses the relationship of similar data to increase the speed and versatility of the database.
RELATIONAL DATA AND
NORMALIZATION
What is Normalized Data?
• No repeating groups of data
Why Does it Matter?
• All non-key attributes are
• Eliminating redundant
dependent on a primary key
data
• All non-key attributes are ONLY
• Ensuring data
dependent on a primary key
dependencies make
• In a perfect world attributes that sense
can be calculated based upon other
attributes should be removed
RELATIONAL DATA AND
NORMALIZATION
AlbumKey AlbumName Artist ArtistKey Artist

1 Baby One More 1 1 Britney Spears


Time
2 Backstreet Boys
2 Backstreet Boys 2
3 LFO
3 LFO 3

4 Oops I did it Again 1

5 Britney 1

• How can we connect the Tables?


6 Backstreet’s Back 2
• Why don’t we just put the Artist
7 Millennium 2 Name in the Album Table?
PRIMARY AND FOREIGN KEYS
There are three types of table relationship:
 One to one
 One to many
 Many to Many

 A Primary key is a key that uniquely identifies a row in each table. It is normally denoted
with its first two letters, namely, PK.
 A Foreign key is a key borrowed from another related table (that’s why its foreign) in
order to make the relationship between two tables. It is normally denoted with its first two
letters, namely, FK.

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