C Program

C
Programming
C Language was not called C at the beginning. It has been named as C
after passing many stages of evolution.
Evolution of C:
ALGO -> BCPL -> B -> Tradition C -> K&R C -> ANSI C -> ANSI/ISO C -> C99.
It was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie.
C is the only programming language that exists for such a long period and
still it is widely used
C is the basis of many other programming languages like C++, Java,
JavaScript, Go, C#, PHP, Python, Perl, C-shell and many more
• C18 is the latest version of C Programming Language published in June
2018C2X
• Unix was one of the first operating system kernels implemented in a
language other than assembly and that was C
• A C program must have at least one function which must be main
• To use a variable, we must indicate its type whether it is an integer, float,
character, etc.
• C language has many built-in data types, and we can make our own using
structures and unions.
• Every data type has its size that may depend on the machine; for
example, an integer may be of 2 or 4 Bytes
• Data is stored in a binary form, i.e., group of bits where each bit may
be '0' or '1'.
• Keywords such as "switch," "case," "default," "register," etc. are

special words with predefined meaning and can't be used for other
purposes such as a variable name.
C PROGRAM
• Preprocessor commands
• Functions
• Variables
• Statements and expressions
• comments
#include<stdio.h>
Int main()
{
/* my program in c*/
Printf(“hello,world\n”);
Return 0;
}
Programming Facts:
1. “? : ” is the only ternary operator in C language

2. “sizeof” is the only operator which is also a keyword.
3. In printf() and scanf(), f stands for formatted not function
4. Compiler doesn’t know header file, preprocessor processes these and expands
source code
5. Header file name can be included in 2 ways, (a) Using angular brackets (b) Using
double inverted comma
6. Compiler generates assembly code not machine code and then assembler
generates the machine code
7. sizeof operator cannot tell us the size of functions because this operator works
on compile time and functions loads in memory at run time
Example-1
#include "stdio.h"
int main()
{
char arr[100];
printf("%d", scanf("%s", arr));
return 1;
}
Example-2
#include <stdio.h>
// Assume base address of "VTU" to be 1000
int main()
{
printf(2 + "VTU");
return 0;
}
Example-3
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%c ", 5["GreekQuiz"]);
return 0;
}
Example-4
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
• printf("%c ", "GreekQuiz"[5]);
• return 0;
•}
Which of the following is true
(A) gets() can read a string with newline characters but a normal scanf()
with %s cannot
(B) gets() can read a string with spaces but a normal scanf() with %s
cannot.
(C) gets() can always replace scanf() without any additional code
(D) None of the above
Which of the following is true
(A) gets() doesn’t do any array bound testing and should not be used.
(B) fgets() should be used in place of gets() only for files, otherwise
gets() is fine
(C) gets() cannot read strings with spaces
(D) None of the above
Example-5
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int x = printf("GreekQuiz");
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
What is the return type of getchar()?
(A) int
(B) char
(C) unsigned char
(D) float
Example-6
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d", printf("%d", 1234));
return 0;
}
Example 7
#include "stdio.h"
int main()
{
int x, y = 5, z = 5;
x = y == z;
printf("%d", x);
getchar();
return 0;
}
What does the following C statement mean?
Scanf("%4s", str);
(A) Read exactly 4 characters from console

(B) Read maximum 4 characters from console.
(C) Read a string str in multiples of 4
(D) Nothing
Following is the invalid inclusion of a file to the current program. Identify it.
A - #include <file>
B - #include “file”
C - #include < file
D - All of the above are invalid.

What is the output of the below code snippet.
In C, what are the various types of real data type (floating point data type)?
A - Float, long double
B - long double, short int
C - float, double, long double.
D - short int, double, long int, float

Which of the following is a logical NOT operator?
A-!
B - &&
C-&
D - All of the above

What actually get pass when you pass an array as a function argument?
A - First value of elements in array
B - Base address of the array
C - All value of element in array
D - Address of the last element of array

Example-11
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
float x = 0.1;
printf("%d, ", x);
printf("%f", x);
}
WHICH LEVEL IS C LANGUAGE
BELONGING TO
C language is belonging to middle level language. C language behaves
as a bridge between machine level (low level) languages and high level
languages
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Assume sizeof character is 1 byte and sizeof integer is 4 bytes
printf("%d", sizeof(printf("GeeksQuiz")));
return 0;
}
4
Which of the following is not a logical operator?
(A) &&
(B) !
(C) ||
(D) |
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = 1, 2, 3;
printf("%d", i);
return 0;
}
(A) 1.
(B) 3
(C) Garbage value
(D) Compile time error
• EXECUTION OF A C PROGRAM STARTS FROM WHICH FUNCTION?
• WHAT IS THE USE OF SIZEOF() FUNCTION IN C
• WHAT IS KEYWORD IN C
• CAN VARIABLE NAME START WITH NUMBERS
• WHAT ARE ALL DECISION CONTROL STATEMENTS IN C
• WHAT ARE ALL LOOP CONTROL STATEMENTS IN C
IF YOU WANT TO EXECUTE C PROGRAM EVEN AFTER MAIN FUNCTION
IS TERMINATED, WHICH FUNCTION CAN BE USED?
“atexit()” function can be used if we want to execute any function after

program is terminated normally.
• WHAT IS THE USE OF “#DEFINE” IN C
• WHAT IS “##” OPERATOR IN C
## is a pre-processor macro in C. It is used to concatenate 2 tokens into
one token.
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARRAY AND STRING IN C
• WHAT IS MEANT BY CORE DUMP IN C
• WHAT IS STATIC VARIABLE IN C
• C LANGUAGE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED IN WHICH LANGUAGE?
1. What is a pointer on pointer?
2. Distinguish between malloc() & calloc() memory allocation.
3. What is keyword auto for?
4. What are the valid places for the keyword break to appear.
5. Explain the syntax for for loop.
6. What is difference between including the header file with-in angular braces < > and
double quotes “ “
7. How a negative integer is stored.
8. What is a static variable?
9. What is a NULL pointer?
10. What is the meaning of base address of the array?
1. What is a dangling pointer?
2. What is the purpose of the keyword typedef?
3. What is the difference between actual and formal parameters?
4. Can a program be compiled without main() function?
5. Where an automatic variable is stored? Stack
6. What is the difference between variable declaration and variable definition?
Declaration associates type to the variable whereas definition gives the
value to the variable.
1. What is a preprocessor?
2. What are command line arguments?
3. What are the different ways of passing parameters to the functions?
4. How many operators are there under the category of ternary
operators?
5. Which key word is used to perform unconditional branching?
6. What is a pointer to a function?
7. Define an array.
1. What is a variable?
2. C is successor of which programming language?
3. What is the full form of ANSI?
4. Which operator can be used to determine the size of a data type or variable?
5. Can we assign a float variable to a long integer variable?
6. What is an infinite loop
7. Can variables belonging to different scope have same name?
8. What is the default value of local and global variables?
9. Can a pointer access the array?
10. What are valid operations on pointers?
The only two permitted operations on pointers are
• Comparision ii) Addition/Substraction (excluding void pointers)
1. Define a structure.
A structure can be defined of collection of heterogeneous data items.
2. Which function can be used to release the dynamic allocated memory?
3. What is the maximum length of an identifier? 32
4. Can a function return multiple values to the caller using return reserved word? No
5. What is a constant pointer?
6. To make pointer generic for which date type it need to be declared?
7. Apart from Dennis Ritchie who the other person who contributed in design of C language
8. What is typecasting?
Typecasting is a way to convert a variable/constant from one type to another type.
12. What is a constant?
A value which cannot be modified is called so. Such variables are qualified with the keyword const.

C Program

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• Keywords such as "switch," "case," "default," "register," etc. are

1. “? : ” is the only ternary operator in C language

(A) Read exactly 4 characters from console

C - #include < file

D - All of the above are invalid.

A - Float, long double

B - long double, short int

C - float, double, long double.

D - short int, double, long int, float

D - All of the above

A - First value of elements in array

B - Base address of the array

C - All value of element in array

D - Address of the last element of array

“atexit()” function can be used if we want to execute any function after

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