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The document discusses velocity triangles and calculations for an axial flow turbine. It provides calculations to determine: (a) the machine is axial flow based on equal inlet and outlet blade velocities (U1=U2) (b) it is work-producing as the outlet fluid velocity (V2) is less than the inlet (V1) (c) specific work through calculations using the inlet and outlet velocity triangles (d) power per unit flow rate by multiplying specific work by the mass flow rate (e) degree of reaction through calculating the kinetic and reaction components of the inlet and outlet velocities (f) axial thrust is zero because the inlet and outlet fluid tangential velocities are equal (Vf

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shailesh patel
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71 views18 pages

Examples

The document discusses velocity triangles and calculations for an axial flow turbine. It provides calculations to determine: (a) the machine is axial flow based on equal inlet and outlet blade velocities (U1=U2) (b) it is work-producing as the outlet fluid velocity (V2) is less than the inlet (V1) (c) specific work through calculations using the inlet and outlet velocity triangles (d) power per unit flow rate by multiplying specific work by the mass flow rate (e) degree of reaction through calculating the kinetic and reaction components of the inlet and outlet velocities (f) axial thrust is zero because the inlet and outlet fluid tangential velocities are equal (Vf

Uploaded by

shailesh patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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The velocity triangles at the inlet and outlet are given in Fig.

State with reasons the following:


(a) Whether the machine is radial flow type or axial flow type.
(b) Whether the machine is work-producing type or work-absorbing type.
(c) Specific work W.
(d) Power per unit flow rate.
(e) Degree of reaction R.
(f ) Utilization factor, if applicable.
(a) Because U1 = U2, this is an axial flow machine.
(b) Because V2 < V1, this is a work-producing machine, that is, turbine.
(c) To calculate Specific work:

and

From outlet velocity triangle


Let x = U – Vu2.
Now

so

also
(d) Power P = 109.05 W per unit flow rate.
(e) Degree of reaction R: We have

Because U1 = U2, we have

(f ) Utilization factor ϵ:
The velocity triangles at the inlet and outlet are given in Fig. State with reasons the following:
(a) Whether the machine is radial flow type or axial flow type.
(b) Whether the machine is work-producing type or work-absorbing type.
(c) Specific work W.
(d) Power per unit flow rate.
(e) Degree of reaction R.
(f ) Axial thrust.
(g) Utilization factor, if applicable.
(a) Because U1= U2, this is an axial flow machine.
(b) Because V2 < V1, this is a work-producing machine (i.e., turbine).
(c) We have

(d) Power = W·m (m= 1 kg/s)


= 19.47 kW per unit mass flow rate
(e) Kinetic component is given by

Therefore degree of reaction is

(f ) Axial thrust is zero because Vf1 = Vf2.


(g) Utilization factor is given by

The velocity triangles at the inlet and outlet are given in Fig. State with reasons the following:
(a) Whether the machine is radial flow type or axial flow type.
(b) Whether the machine is work-producing type or work-absorbing type.
(c) Specific work W.
(d) Power per unit flow rate.
(e) Degree of reaction R.
(f ) Axial thrust.
(g) Utilization factor, if applicable.

Velocity triangle
(a) Because U1 = U2, this is an axial flow machine.
(b) Because V2 = V1, this is a work-producing machine (i.e., turbine).
(c) From the inlet velocity triangle,

therefore

so
So specific work is

(d) Power = P = 15917 W per unit flow rate.


(e) Reaction component is

Therefore, the degree of reaction is

(f ) Axial thrust: We have


(g) Utilization factor ϵ: We have

so
Show that

Assumption: For an axial flow machine, U1 =U2 = U. Further, Vf1 =Vf2 =Vf .
From the Euler turbine equation

There for
In an axial flow turbine, the blade velocity is 60 m/s. The fluid enters at 30􀁯 to the plane of the
wheel at a velocity of 80 m/s. Calculate the blade inlet angle. If the blades are to be designed for
(a) R = 0.25 and (b) R=0.5, calculate the blade outlet angle and specific work in each case.

In Fig. the segment x is given by

Blade inlet angle is the angleβ1 of relative velocity Vr1 (=BC) with blade velocity U
(=AB), as in Fig.
This angle β1 is given by,

(a) For the required value of R 􀀝 0.25, we have from Eq.

Mark N on BA such that BN= 15, as shown in Fig.


the vertex D of outlet velocity triangle ABD must
be placed so that the midpoint of CD must be
above N. This gives rise to the projection of Vr2 on
U, that is, Vru2 = BN + (half of CD).
Now, outlet blade angle β2 is given by

Now, to calculate specific work, W,

And therefore,

(b) For the required value of R = 0.5, the triangles are required to be symmetrical. Hence

So

Therefore specific work is given by


A fluid stream is available at 250 m/s at the outlet of the nozzles that can be placed at 25 to the
plane ofthe runner wheel in an axial flow turbine. The blade inlet angle is 40. Calculate the blade
outlet angle,the diameter of the runner, and the specific work if the speed of the runner is 1500
rpm. Take (a) R =0.5 and (b) R = 1.0.

First, to calculate the diameter of rotor and the


blade velocity, the inlet velocity triangle, ABC,
has to be solved

Referring to the triangle ABC, AEC,


(a) Consider the case of R =0.5.
When R = 0.5, the velocity triangles are symmetrical. So
(b) Consider the case of R 􀀝 1.0.
When R =1.0, the velocity triangles are as shown in Fig. with CD= 2 AE

Now, in triangle ABD, tanβ2 = CE/ (CD – BE)

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