Personal Development

Maria Elena V. Rodriguez

Facebook/Messenger:
Elaine Vidal-Rodriguez
Personal Development
Course Subject Description
• This course makes senior high school students aware of the
developmental stage that they are in, for them to better understand
themselves and the significant people around them as they make
important career decisions as adolescents.
• Personal reflections, sharing and lectures help reveal and articulate
relevant concepts, theories and tools in different areas in psychology.
Lesson 1: Knowing oneself-
Strengths and Limitations
Objectives:
• 1. Explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her
strengths and limitations and dealing with others better.
• 2. Share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences
Four Quadrants of Oneself
Kindly work with a partner (anyone who is available to give you some
assistance) and assess how well you know yourself by listing down your
values, characteristics and/or traits using the Four Quadrants of
Oneself. (Be guided by the instructions below.)

I. Values you know well you possess

II. Values you and others knew you possess
III. Values you and others hardly knew you possess
IV. Values others knew well you possess
Self-Development
- process of discovering oneself by realizing one's potentials and
capabilities that are shaped over time either by studying in a formal
school or through environmental factors.
Personal Development
- individual encounters gradual changes deep within him/her that may
help him/her overcome unacceptable practices or traits which lead him
towards positive change for his growth or self-fulfillment.
Know Thyself
“An unexamined life is not worth living” –Socrates
• Socrates urges to know ourselves, to examine our
lives so we can live a fruitful and meaningful life.
We make use of our reason in doing so. Socrates
then would have us believe that as humans. It is our
duty to know ourselves through the use of reason.
Without thinking, lives are not worth living.
“Read thyself”
Thomas Hobbes
He stressed that an individual could learn more by
studying others and that he/she can do this by
engaging himself/herself to reading books. However,
Hobbes emphasized that a person learns more by
studying oneself.
Thus, this statement leads us to the realization that
knowing oneself is the open door that leads us to
knowing others better.
Self-concern
• acquiring the skills of way of questioning or challenging the person to
gain careful understanding of oneself.
Self-Concept
• ones abstract and general idea about him/herself
particularly toward his/her unique personality and
his/her own perception about his/her set of values, point
of views and behavior.
• Rene Descartes, the Father of Modern Philosophy,
proposed his theory that a person’s existence depends
on his/her perception.
• Rene Descartes stated that “mind is the seat of
consciousness”.
Three (3) Aspects of Self-Concept
1. Self-concept is learned. This explains that no individual is born with
self-concept. A person will soon develop this as he/she grows old.

• This means that self-concept can only be acquired as soon as the

person learns how to mingle with others and so this indicates that self-
concept is influenced by the person’s environment and can be a
product of the person’s socialization.
Three (3) Aspects of Self-Concept
2.Self-concept is organized. This stresses out that one’s perception
towards himself/herself is firm.

• This means that a person may hear other people’s point of view
regarding himself/herself but will keep on believing that what he/she
thinks of himself/herself is always the right one. Change on one’s
perceptions towards himself/herself, however, may also be possible
but it takes time.
Three (3) Aspects of Self-Concept
3. Self-concept is dynamic. As an individual grows older, he/she
continues to encounter problems or challenges that may reveal his/her
self-concept in that particular time or situation.
A person will respond to the scenario based on his/her own insights and
how he/she perceives himself/herself in the situation. Thus, self-concept
undergoes development as the person goes through different
experiences.
Sigmund Freud

• Psychologist, neurologist and the creator of

Psychoanalysis Theory and the Father of
Pyschoanalysis proposed that there are three
components of personality within us, Id, Ego
and Superego.
Three Components of Personality
Three Components of Personality
• The Id.
Man's personality is driven by pleasure principle. This means that
the nature of Id is to satisfy man's desire without thinking much of the
situation. This nature is being developed at a young age or present from
birth.
Three Components of Personality
• The Ego.
This operates according to reality which makes it possible for the Id
to work in a more proper and satisfactory ways. The ego will give a
more socially accepted means of getting the desires and wants of a
person without getting to hurt other’s feelings. In other words, it is the
job of the ego to provide a man some guidelines on how to behave
accordingly while he fulfilled his pleasure.
Three Components of Personality
• The Superego.
The last component of personality which holds our moral judgments
or concept of right and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the
family and the environment.
Activity:
• 1. Self ____________________________________________________________
• 2. Knowing Thyself ____________________________________________________________
• 3. Id ____________________________________________________________
• 4. Ego ____________________________________________________________
• 5. Superego ___________________________________________________________
Activity:
• Briefly discuss the principles and concepts of the famous
philosophers. Do this on your paper.
• 1. “Knowing others is intelligence; knowing yourself is true wisdom.
Mastering others is strength; mastering yourself is true power.” - Lao
Tzu
• 2. “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.” - Aristotle
 Road Map

Direction: Recall the most important

event/s of your life which you believe to
have helped you discover yourself more.
Complete the road map below. Consider
the instructions given. Do this on a short
bond paper.
Who Am I?
1. What are the things or who are the people that/who make you feel confident?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
•2. What makes you doubtful to yourself?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
•3. How do thoughts of other people about you affect your mood?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
• 4. What is the biggest decision you have made in your life? How did that decision affect you and your
decision-making? ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 2: Knowing Oneself –
Characteristics, Habits, and
Experiences
• evaluation of your own worth
• It is a judgment of oneself as well as
an attitude toward the self.
Positive self-esteem is the valuation
that is pleasing and acceptable
according to your standard and that of
others,
Negative self-esteem is the opposite
which is feeling distraught or down and
unaccepted by others.
Factors to identify the level of self-esteem
• own appearance –
• how satisfied you are in a relationship; and –
• how you view your performance.
•
Three (3) types of self-esteem
•Persons can
 High self-esteem (Normal) : The person loves themselves and
accepts who they are.
 Low self-esteem : The person doesn’t love

• themselves, doesn’t accept who they are and they don’t value
their qualities.
 Inflated self-esteem : The person loves themselves more than
others and they exaggerate their qualities.
Self-efficacy
• not considered as a trait. “[It] does not refer to your abilities but
rather to your beliefs about what you can do with your abilities”
(Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998).
• It is your will to produce an effect on a specific thing.
• It is your self-belief to effectively achieve your most important goal.
• The stronger the belief, the bigger the possibility to achieve a
positive result. For instance, you are aiming for a higher grade and
you are confidently believing it then, it will happen.
Five (5) different ways that influenced self-
efficacy (Maddux and Kleiman (2000) )
• (a) Performance Experiences – if you are good at
achieving your specific goal, then you probably think that
you will achieve it again. When the opposite happens, if
you fail, you will often think that you will fail again.
• (b) Vicarious Performances – if others achieved their goal
or specific task, then you will come to believe that you
will also achieve your goal.
• (c) Verbal Persuasion – it is when people tell you whether
they believe or not on what you can do or cannot do. The
effect of your self-efficacy will depend on how that person
matters to you.
Five (5) different ways that influenced self-
efficacy (Maddux and Kleiman (2000) )
• (d) Imaginal Performances – When you imagine yourself doing well,
then it will happen
• (e) The Affective States & Physical Sensations – if your mood or
emotion (e.g. shame) and physical state (e.g. shaking) come together,
it will affect your self-efficacy. If negative mood connects with
negative physical sensation, the result will be negative. And if it is
positive, most likely the result will be positive.
Self identity
 Self and Identity
1. Self as Social Actor
We are portraying different roles and behaving for every type/set of people in front of
us since we all care about what people think about us. It is practically for social
acceptance.
2. Self as Motivated Agent
People act based on their purpose. They do things based on their own dreams,
desires, and planned goals for the future. This, though, is not easily identifiable since it is
self-conceptualized, unless it was shared with us.
3. Self as Autobiographical Author
He/she as the creator of his/her own entire life story. It is about how oneself is
developed from his/her past, up to the present, and what he/she will become in the future.
Judgment and Decision Making
Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision:
1. Define the Problem (select your most desired course);
2. Identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple options (list
things to be considered like location, facilities, prestige, etc.);
3. Weight the criteria (rank the criteria based on its importance to you)
Judgment and Decision Making
4. Generate alternatives (the schools that accepted you);
5. Rate each alternative on each criterion (rate each school on the
criteria you have identified); and
6. Compute the optimal decision
Sharing-is-
Caring
This time, you will have an idea of
how well your family members
know you by letting each them
write what they think your
strengths and weaknesses are, as
well as, what they think makes you
angry and happy. Write your
answer inside the thought
bubbles.
 Your Objective Reason How will you do it?
Example: to Because singing is Look for a voice
become a my dream since I coach; Attend in a
My Plan professional singer was in grade school singing class; etc.
     
     
List down the all the things you
want to do/improve/change, your      
reason and how will you do it.
     
     
     
“What matters most
is how you see
yourself”